Immunity- EXAM 2

Question 1

Things that can effect immunity

Answer 1

Your exposure to microorganisms
Proper fluid intake
Having good hygiene
Getting the right amount of sleep
Getting vaccinated
Amount of stress

Question 2

Cardinal signs of inflammation

Answer 2

Redness, Heat, Swelling, Pain, Loss of function

Question 3

Rheumatoid Arthritis

Answer 3

Chronic Auto-immune disease
Immune system looses its ability to distinguish self from others and attacks its own body
Causes inflammation of joints, can be mild or progressive

Question 4

What are Hypersensitivity reactions

Answer 4

Allergic reactions that can lead to tissue damage
4 types

Question 5

Type 1 Immediate Hypersensitivity

Answer 5

Rapid reaction following exposure to antigen; 15-30 min
Flu like symptoms: sneezing, runny nose, itchy eyes
Mose severe form of this would be anaphylaxis
EPI pen is used

Question 6

Type 2 Cytotoxic Hypersensitivity

Answer 6

The rupture of cells, Affects organs and tissues
Result from transfusion reactions, Rh compatibility
Can take minutes to hours for reaction

Question 7

Type 3 Immune Complex Reaction

Answer 7

Inflammatory response
Leads to tissue damage
Autoimmune disorders; Lupus, RA
Reaction occurs 3-10 hours after exposure

Question 8

Type 4 Delayed or Hypersensitivity

Answer 8

Allergic contact dermatitis
Tissue damage at site of antigen 24-48 hours of contact
Tuberculin reaction

Question 9

Transplant reactions and their time frame

Answer 9

Hyperacute Reaction:
Occurs minutes to hours
Organ swells, clot forms, hemorrhage

Acute Rejection:
Occurs in weeks following transplant

Chronic Rejection:
Occurs months after transplant
Slow organ failure

Question 10

Active Immunity

Answer 10

Occurs through exposure to disease or from vaccination
Long lasting, often lifelong
Takes several weeks to develop

Question 11

Passive Immunity

Answer 11

Occurs through receiving antibodies from another person
Mother to newborn or Blood products
Immediate protection, Lasts only weeks or months

Question 12

Killed virus vaccine

Answer 12

Microorganisms that have been killed but are still capable of inducing body to produce antibodies ( polio )

Question 13

Toxoid vaccine

Answer 13

Treated with heat, still retains antigens ( tetanus )

Question 14

Live virus vaccine

Answer 14

Live but weakened organism ( measles, varicella )

Question 15

Recombinant form vaccine

Answer 15

Organism genetically altered for vaccines ( Hep.B)

Question 16

Conjugated form vaccine

Answer 16

Altered organism combines with other substances to increase immune response ( flu )

Question 17

mRNA vaccine

Answer 17

Fragment of mRNA corresponding to a viral protien ( COVID )

Question 18

Contraindications to getting vaccinated

Answer 18

Acute illness with high fever
Hypersensitivity reaction
Cancer treatment
Pregnancy

Question 19

Down syndrome

Answer 19

Extra chromosome at pair, known as trisomy
Increased chances in women over 35
Pair 21 has 3 chromosomes instead of 2
Mental retardation and structural defects

Question 20

Turner symdrome

Answer 20

Caused by a monosomy of the X chromosome, missing a chromosome at gender pair ( XO, not XX or XY )
Immaturity of sex organs, short stature, webbed neck and cardiovascular disease

Question 21

Phenotype

Answer 21

What you see or can measure

Question 22

Genotype

Answer 22

Total genetic makeup of an individual

Question 23

Autosomal dominant inheritance

Answer 23

Abnormal gene overshadows the normal gene
Can be passed onto children
Diseases include Huntington and polycystic kidney disease

Question 24

X linked Recessive inheritance

Answer 24

Abnormal gene is carried on X chromosome so mom passes it to both male or female child.
Never comes from dad
Diseases caused are hemophilia and color blindness

Question 25

X linked Dominance inheritance

Answer 25

Rare
Only female offspring are affected, not sons.
Form of mental retardation

Question 26

Karyotype

Answer 26

Arrangment of chromosome photograph used to detect abnormalities
Amniocentesis and Chronic villus sampling

Question 27

Body first line of defense

Answer 27

Skin
Mucus, Gastric acid, Nasal secretions, saliva

Question 28

Nonpharm therapies to stimulate immune system

Answer 28

Acupuncture
Dietary supplements
VITAMIN ACDE

Question 29

Crosses placenta

Answer 29

IgG