Immunity- EXAM 2 Flashcards
Things that can effect immunity
Your exposure to microorganisms
Proper fluid intake
Having good hygiene
Getting the right amount of sleep
Getting vaccinated
Amount of stress
Cardinal signs of inflammation
Redness, Heat, Swelling, Pain, Loss of function
Rheumatoid Arthritis
Chronic Auto-immune disease
Immune system looses its ability to distinguish self from others and attacks its own body
Causes inflammation of joints, can be mild or progressive
What are Hypersensitivity reactions
Allergic reactions that can lead to tissue damage
4 types
Type 1 Immediate Hypersensitivity
Rapid reaction following exposure to antigen; 15-30 min
Flu like symptoms: sneezing, runny nose, itchy eyes
Mose severe form of this would be anaphylaxis
EPI pen is used
Type 2 Cytotoxic Hypersensitivity
The rupture of cells, Affects organs and tissues
Result from transfusion reactions, Rh compatibility
Can take minutes to hours for reaction
Type 3 Immune Complex Reaction
Inflammatory response
Leads to tissue damage
Autoimmune disorders; Lupus, RA
Reaction occurs 3-10 hours after exposure
Type 4 Delayed or Hypersensitivity
Allergic contact dermatitis
Tissue damage at site of antigen 24-48 hours of contact
Tuberculin reaction
Transplant reactions and their time frame
Hyperacute Reaction:
Occurs minutes to hours
Organ swells, clot forms, hemorrhage
Acute Rejection:
Occurs in weeks following transplant
Chronic Rejection:
Occurs months after transplant
Slow organ failure
Active Immunity
Occurs through exposure to disease or from vaccination
Long lasting, often lifelong
Takes several weeks to develop
Passive Immunity
Occurs through receiving antibodies from another person
Mother to newborn or Blood products
Immediate protection, Lasts only weeks or months
Killed virus vaccine
Microorganisms that have been killed but are still capable of inducing body to produce antibodies ( polio )
Toxoid vaccine
Treated with heat, still retains antigens ( tetanus )
Live virus vaccine
Live but weakened organism ( measles, varicella )
Recombinant form vaccine
Organism genetically altered for vaccines ( Hep.B)
Conjugated form vaccine
Altered organism combines with other substances to increase immune response ( flu )
mRNA vaccine
Fragment of mRNA corresponding to a viral protien ( COVID )
Contraindications to getting vaccinated
Acute illness with high fever
Hypersensitivity reaction
Cancer treatment
Pregnancy
Down syndrome
Extra chromosome at pair, known as trisomy
Increased chances in women over 35
Pair 21 has 3 chromosomes instead of 2
Mental retardation and structural defects
Turner symdrome
Caused by a monosomy of the X chromosome, missing a chromosome at gender pair ( XO, not XX or XY )
Immaturity of sex organs, short stature, webbed neck and cardiovascular disease
Phenotype
What you see or can measure
Genotype
Total genetic makeup of an individual
Autosomal dominant inheritance
Abnormal gene overshadows the normal gene
Can be passed onto children
Diseases include Huntington and polycystic kidney disease
X linked Recessive inheritance
Abnormal gene is carried on X chromosome so mom passes it to both male or female child.
Never comes from dad
Diseases caused are hemophilia and color blindness
X linked Dominance inheritance
Rare
Only female offspring are affected, not sons.
Form of mental retardation
Karyotype
Arrangment of chromosome photograph used to detect abnormalities
Amniocentesis and Chronic villus sampling
Body first line of defense
Skin
Mucus, Gastric acid, Nasal secretions, saliva
Nonpharm therapies to stimulate immune system
Acupuncture
Dietary supplements
VITAMIN ACDE
Crosses placenta
IgG
