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Nursing 2nd Spring Semester > Immunity- EXAM 2 > Flashcards

Immunity- EXAM 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

Things that can effect immunity

A

Your exposure to microorganisms
Proper fluid intake
Having good hygiene
Getting the right amount of sleep
Getting vaccinated
Amount of stress

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2
Q

Cardinal signs of inflammation

A

Redness, Heat, Swelling, Pain, Loss of function

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3
Q

Rheumatoid Arthritis

A

Chronic Auto-immune disease
Immune system looses its ability to distinguish self from others and attacks its own body
Causes inflammation of joints, can be mild or progressive

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4
Q

What are Hypersensitivity reactions

A

Allergic reactions that can lead to tissue damage
4 types

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5
Q

Type 1 Immediate Hypersensitivity

A

Rapid reaction following exposure to antigen; 15-30 min
Flu like symptoms: sneezing, runny nose, itchy eyes
Mose severe form of this would be anaphylaxis
EPI pen is used

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6
Q

Type 2 Cytotoxic Hypersensitivity

A

The rupture of cells, Affects organs and tissues
Result from transfusion reactions, Rh compatibility
Can take minutes to hours for reaction

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7
Q

Type 3 Immune Complex Reaction

A

Inflammatory response
Leads to tissue damage
Autoimmune disorders; Lupus, RA
Reaction occurs 3-10 hours after exposure

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8
Q

Type 4 Delayed or Hypersensitivity

A

Allergic contact dermatitis
Tissue damage at site of antigen 24-48 hours of contact
Tuberculin reaction

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9
Q

Transplant reactions and their time frame

A

Hyperacute Reaction:
Occurs minutes to hours
Organ swells, clot forms, hemorrhage

Acute Rejection:
Occurs in weeks following transplant

Chronic Rejection:
Occurs months after transplant
Slow organ failure

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10
Q

Active Immunity

A

Occurs through exposure to disease or from vaccination
Long lasting, often lifelong
Takes several weeks to develop

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11
Q

Passive Immunity

A

Occurs through receiving antibodies from another person
Mother to newborn or Blood products
Immediate protection, Lasts only weeks or months

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12
Q

Killed virus vaccine

A

Microorganisms that have been killed but are still capable of inducing body to produce antibodies ( polio )

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13
Q

Toxoid vaccine

A

Treated with heat, still retains antigens ( tetanus )

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14
Q

Live virus vaccine

A

Live but weakened organism ( measles, varicella )

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15
Q

Recombinant form vaccine

A

Organism genetically altered for vaccines ( Hep.B)

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16
Q

Conjugated form vaccine

A

Altered organism combines with other substances to increase immune response ( flu )

17
Q

mRNA vaccine

A

Fragment of mRNA corresponding to a viral protien ( COVID )

18
Q

Contraindications to getting vaccinated

A

Acute illness with high fever
Hypersensitivity reaction
Cancer treatment
Pregnancy

19
Q

Down syndrome

A

Extra chromosome at pair, known as trisomy
Increased chances in women over 35
Pair 21 has 3 chromosomes instead of 2
Mental retardation and structural defects

20
Q

Turner symdrome

A

Caused by a monosomy of the X chromosome, missing a chromosome at gender pair ( XO, not XX or XY )
Immaturity of sex organs, short stature, webbed neck and cardiovascular disease

21
Q

Phenotype

A

What you see or can measure

22
Q

Genotype

A

Total genetic makeup of an individual

23
Q

Autosomal dominant inheritance

A

Abnormal gene overshadows the normal gene
Can be passed onto children
Diseases include Huntington and polycystic kidney disease

24
Q

X linked Recessive inheritance

A

Abnormal gene is carried on X chromosome so mom passes it to both male or female child.
Never comes from dad
Diseases caused are hemophilia and color blindness

25
Q

X linked Dominance inheritance

A

Rare
Only female offspring are affected, not sons.
Form of mental retardation

26
Q

Karyotype

A

Arrangment of chromosome photograph used to detect abnormalities
Amniocentesis and Chronic villus sampling

27
Q

Body first line of defense

A

Skin
Mucus, Gastric acid, Nasal secretions, saliva

28
Q

Nonpharm therapies to stimulate immune system

A

Acupuncture
Dietary supplements
VITAMIN ACDE

29
Q

Crosses placenta

A

IgG

Nursing 2nd Spring Semester (42 decks)

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