Hypertension- EXAM 4 Flashcards
Hypertension defined as
140/90 but can be 130/80 now too
What generates BP
The contraction of the ventricles
Determined by CO, blood volume and vascular resistance
MAP equation
CO x Resistance
What 3 factors regulate stroke volume
Preload, Contractility and Afterload
What is the most important factor regarding resistance
The size of the blood vessels lumen
Most medications for blood pressure control do what
Involve controlling the resistance by increasing, dilating or decreasing, constriction the lumen size
Main complications of persistent high BP
Brain, Blood, Retina of eyes, Heart and Kidneys
Kidneys in BP role
Control blood volume and the most common cause of secondary htn
Long term regulation of BP depends on them
Describe primary hypertention & tx
Cause unknown, Most common htn type
Excess alpha and beta receptors
Can be successfully treated
Describe secondary hypertension & tx
High BP from identified underlying cause
-Kidney disease is the most common cause
Edocrine and neurologic disorders, Pregnancy, Hypothyroidism, Drug use, sleep apnea
Treat the cause directly and then rely on anti-hypertension meds to relief symptoms
Hypertensive emeergency
When BP is above 180/120
Treatment within 1 hour is vital to prevent any damage
Etiology of Hypertension
Higher prevalence in African Americans then whites or hispanics
Higher in white MEN then women
Higher in hispanic/black WOMEN then men
Native Americans and alaskins at high risk
Risk factors to hypertension
Family history
Age
Race
Gender
Mineral intake
Obesity
Insulin resistance
Stress
Physical inactivity
Vitamin D deficient
Depression
Excess alcohol consumption
Prevention
Maintain a healthy life style
Reverse prehypertension
Maintain healthy weight
Stress mangament
Follow medication regiment
Manifestations of HTM
Early stages are often asymptomatic
Marked only by high BP
Symptoms include: headache on awakening, nausea, vomitting, confusion visual changes
