Anaphylaxis- EXAM 3

Question 1

What is anaphylaxis

Answer 1

A severe, systemic life threatening allergic reaction
Severe causes may result in complete obstruction of airway, cardiovascular collapse and death

Question 2

Signs and symptoms

Answer 2

Starts with vasodilation
BP drops
flushing of the skin, hives, itchiness
Angioedema; swollen throat, face, tongue, eyes and lips
Passing out, dizziness
Chest tightness, SOB

Question 3

What would the patient feel when they believe their having an allergic reaction

Answer 3

1. ALWAYS LISTEN TO YOUR PATIENT
   Sense of uneasiness, lightheadedness, itching, hives, swelling

Question 4

Skin allergic reactions:

Answer 4

Poison plants, animal scratches, pollen and latex

Question 5

Injection allergic reactions

Answer 5

Bee stings

Question 6

Inhalation allergic reactions

Answer 6

Pollen
Dust
Mold and mildew and animal dander

Question 7

Ingestion allergic reactions

Answer 7

Medication
Nut and shellfish

Question 8

What pharmacological agents can cause allergic reactions

Answer 8

Antibiotics
Aspirin and nonsteriodal anti-inflammatory drugs
IV contrast agents can cause anaphylaxis

Question 9

Latex allergy

Answer 9

Bandaids, blood pressure cuffs, bulb syringes, fleet enemas, sterile gloves, IV bags
Rash appears, dermatitis, progressing to a type 1 allergic reaction
Symptoms: sneezing, runny nose, chest tightness, wheezing, SOB
Those with this allergy also have allergies to kiwi, bananas, bananas, tomatoes, avacados

Question 10

Stinging insects

Answer 10

Ants, bees, hornets, wasps, and yellow jackets
Fatal reaction occurs within 10-15 min
Cardiovascular collapse is the most common mechanism

Question 11

Venom removal after bees sting

Answer 11

If you see stinger scrape it off with a dull edge or a knife
Avoid compressing or squeezing the park as it may increase venom

Question 12

Nuts and shellfish

Answer 12

Peanuts, seafood and wheat are most frequently associated with life threatening anaphylaxis
Are at risk for shock
At risk for developing chronchospasm and asphyxia

Question 13

Type 1 Hypersensitivity

Answer 13

Localized response is most common
Environmental, animal and food allergies are the cause Promote allergies rinitis: flushing of skin, runny nose, inflamed eyes, itching, N&V, SOB

Question 14

Type 2 Cytotoxic Hypersensitivity

Answer 14

May be stimulated by drug reaction: penicillin, thiazides
Reaction to incompatible blood
Can result in autoimmune disorders
Monitor VS and Dyspnea and fever
STOP IV OR BLOOD ONCE THIS OCCURS

Question 15

Type 3 Hypersensitivity

Answer 15

Abnormal immune response, The body attacking itself
Can precipitate in skin, joints
After strep infection can develop lupus, RA

Question 16

Type 4 Delayed

Answer 16

Develops 25-48 hours following exposure
Contact dermatitis is a classic type
Causes itching, edema, redness od skin that was exposed
Poison ivy, TB test, organ transplant are other examples

Question 17

Interventions to prevent cardiac arrest

Answer 17

Administer OXYGEN at high flow rates
Administer EPINEPHRINE to increase BP and dilate airways for better breathing

Question 18

Biphasic Reaction

Answer 18

After anaphylaxis is treated and symptoms resolve, IT CAN return WITHOUT repeated exposure to allergen
Can be less severe, equal or more severe
Can occur as little as 2 hours or as much as 72 hours after the first reaction

Question 19

Diagnostic tests performed

Answer 19

Skin tests, patch,prick or intradermal tests

Question 20

Pharmacologix Therapy

Answer 20

Chosen based on the severity of the reaction
Antihistamines, Corticosteroids; Given after epinephrine to prevent biphasic reaction
Immunotherapy
Epinephrine

New therapies include Sublingual immunotherapy, and Oral immunotherapy