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BDS2.5 Applied Biomedical Sciences > Renal System 2 > Flashcards

Renal System 2 Flashcards

1
Q

How does blood enter the kidney?

A

Renal artery

Afferent arteriole

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2
Q

What angle do the small artery branch?

A

At right angles to form Afferent arterioles

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3
Q

What allows the adjustment of filtration rate?

A

Macula densa

Can adjust filtration

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4
Q

What do the efferent arteriole form?

A

Peritubular capillaries - intimately related to the remaining portion of the tubule

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5
Q

What are the vasa recta?

A

arterioles associated with the juxtamedullary nephron

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6
Q

How do the glomerular capillaries compare to normal capillaries?

A

They are fenestrated

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7
Q

What molecules can get through the femestration in the glomerular capillaries?

A

Plasma and proteins

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8
Q

What repels negatively-charged plasma proteins?

A

Visceral layer of bowman’s capsule organised into specialised cells (podocytes) which carry nergative charge

Allow only protein

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9
Q

What processes are regulated towards maintaining water balance?

A

Urinary losses and thirst

Sweating is controlled as part of temp regulation

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10
Q

What are the basic renal processes?

A

Filtration
Reabsorption
Secretion

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11
Q

What is the renal process and formation of glomerulus essentially what?

A

A protein-free filtrate of plasma

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12
Q

What processes alter composition of plasma?

A

Reabsorption and secretion

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13
Q

What is the glomerulaf filtration rate?

A

Very high

125 ML’s/min = 180l/day

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14
Q

What is being regulated?

A

ESF not urine!

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15
Q

Where does the long loop of henle go?

A

Medulla

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16
Q

Where do you see filtration?

A

At the start of the nephron at glomerulus

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17
Q

Where do huge amount of Reabsorption occur?

A

Proximal tubule

Thick ascending lobe of loop of henle

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18
Q

Do you get varying amounts of Reabsorption in the nephron?

A

Yes

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19
Q

What is renal disease linked with?

A

Cardiovascular disease

20
Q

Why are the kidneys linked to CVD?

A

due to the huge vascular supply to the kidneys

Drug in blood goes to kidneys and can damage them

21
Q

What is repelled by the negative charges?

A

WBC
RBC

22
Q

What can fit through the fenestration?

A

Ions
H2O
Phosphates
Sulphate

23
Q

Where does the remainder of plasma (not filtered) go?

A

Passes via the efferent arterioles into peritubular capillary and then renal vein

24
Q

What is the GFR? (value)

A

125 mls per min

25
Q

What is startling forces?

A

Hydrostatic forces favouring filtration and oncotic pressure forces favouring Reabsorption

high oncotic pressure = kidney damage

26
Q

PGC? pressure

A

Hydrostatic pressure in gloamerula

27
Q

What do hydrostatic pressures favour?

A

Filtration

28
Q

What opposes filtration?

A

Fluid pressure in bowmans space

Osmotic forces due to protein in plasma

29
Q

What controls PGC? - affects GFR

A
  1. Sympathetic VC nerves - Afferent and efferent constriction
  2. Circulating catecholamines- constriction
  3. Angiotensin II - constriction , of Efferent at (low), both Afferent and efferent at (high)
30
Q

What does blood pressure generate?

A

Hydrostatic pressure

31
Q

What is auto regulation?

A

Responses to changes in arterial BP and thus to keel BF and GFR essentially constant

32
Q

What MBP is autoregulation effective?

A

60 to 130mmHg

33
Q

At what MBP does filtration cease?

A

Below 50mmHg

34
Q

What happens to the arterioles when arterial pressure increases?

A

There is an automatic increase in Afferent arteriolar constriction, preventing rise in glomerular PGC

= autoregulation

35
Q

What happens if the arterial pressure decreases?

A

Dilation in the Afferent arteriolar vessels

increase GFR

Cause a rise in glomerulaf PGC

= autoregulation

36
Q

What is autoregulation independent of?

A

Nerves and hormones

37
Q

What cells surround capillaries in the glomerusus?

A

podocytes

38
Q

Role of podocytes?

A

mesh network

filters what can move into the proximal tubule

39
Q

What does the efferent arteriole give rise to in the juxtamedullary nephron?

A

vasa recta

40
Q

What charge do the podocytes have?

A

negative - they cab repel the larger molecules e.g. proteins and stop clogging up

41
Q

What are the 3 basic renal processes?

A

glomerular filtration
tubular absorption
tubular secretion

42
Q

Where does flirtation occur?

A

only at the glomerulus

43
Q

What areas are really good at reabsorption?

A

proximal tubule
ascending loop of henle

distal tubule does reabsorb but not as much as proximal

44
Q

What does high protein in urine sample mean?

A

renal failure

45
Q

What does AGII constrict at low conc?

A

low conc efferent

BDS2.5 Applied Biomedical Sciences (48 decks)

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