Nutrition 4 - Vitamins Flashcards
What are micronutrients?
Essential vitamins
Minerals and trace element
Are micronutrients a source of energy?
No
what is the role of micronutrients?
Involved in the metabolic reactions that provide the energy. It don’t directly supply body with nutrients
Are vitamins essential?
Yes, need to be consumed in the diet
What are the 2 classifications of vitamins?
Fat or water soluble
What are the fat soluble vitamins?
A
D
E
K
What are the 2 natural forms of vitamin A?
Retinol and 3-denydroretinol
What is the effect of too much vitamin A?
Joint or bone pain, hair loss anorexia, liver damage
Pregnancy, spontaneous abortion or foetal abnormalities
What is the effect of vitamin A deficiency in the mouth?
Dry mouth
mucous cells become keratin cells
night blindness
changes in bone, cartilage and teeth
infertility in males
still births
changes in taste buds (reduced ability to taste)
Where is vitamin D stored?
Liver and under skin
What is the role of vitamin D?
Regulation of calcium turnover
Teeth
What is the role of vitamin E?
Major chain breaking lipid soluble antioxidant in membranes also essential for normal immune function
What is the role of vitamin K?
procoagulant
Enhances osteocalcin function, so strengthens bones
What is the role of B12?
Recycling of folate coenzymes
Also required for myelination
What are the water soluble vitamin?
C
B1,2,12
What are examples of food that supply vitamin A?
liver, milk, butter, cheese, egg yolk, fatty fish
margarine enriched
carrots
What is xerophthalmia?
dry eyes
What does vitamin K deficiency result in?
bleeding disorders (low plasma prothrombin activity
What the effects of B1 deficiency?
acute: cardiac effect
chronic: neural defects
muscle pain
deafness
loss of taste
What demographic are more likely to have a B1 deficiency?
alcoholism
What is B2 involved in?
oxidative processes
- glycolysis, fatty acid oxidation
What does B2 deficiency result in?
various lesions; dermatitis, oral sores, corneal damage
What are reasons why people can be B12 deficient?
it is found in most animal products - vegans/vegetarians can be deficient
or due to failure of an intrinsic factor secretion leading to pernicious anaemia
What is the effect of B12 deficiency?
deficiency may cause irreversible neurological damage
How do folate deficiencies show?
result in impaired cell division and altered protein synthesis
typical symptom: megaloblastic anaemia
affects rapidly regenerating tissues: foetal malformations
neural tube defects
How can you inject folate?
liver
yeast
green leafy vegetables
What does a vitamin D deficiency result in?
rickets
stress fractures
What is a disease associated with vitamin C deficiency?
scurvy
What is the function of vitamin C?
wound healing
non-haem iron absorption
antioxidant
collagen, catecholamine and carnitine synthesis
How can biotin deficiency appear?
swollen tongue
What are symptoms of scurvy?
loose teeth
problems in wound healing
What is vit A required for?
growth, normal development and differentiation of tissues and immune function
What can lack of vit D cause?
rickets
stress fractures
When can vitamin D be toxic?
high levels of calcium
hypercalcaemia
thirst
anorexia
soft tissue calcification
renal
cardiovascular damage
What is a benefit of vit E and its antioxidant function?
suggested to… reduced risk of ischaemic heart disease and cancer
Role of vitamin k?
pro-coagulant
enhance osteocalcin function = strengthens bones
What vitamin is thiamin?
vit B1
What vitamin is riboflavin?
B12
Name for B12?
CYANOCABALAMIN
