endocrinology 3 - growth hormone Flashcards
What hormone is critical for the effect of GH?
THYROID HORMONES
Why are thyroid hormones critical for the effect of GH?
TH stimulate GH receptor expression
allows GH to have an effect
How are sex hormone slinked to GH?
they co=ordinate pubertal growth spurt
What do sex hormones stimulate the production of?
GH
IGF
sex hormones stimulate IGF and GF, but what else do they do?
induce closure of epiphyseal plate (stops further growth)
What is the effect of testosterone?
directly increases protein synthesis (anabolic rates)
What does insulin enhance?
enhances protein synthesis and amino acid uptake
uptake of glucose into cells
helps maintain energy balance
What does insulin inhibit?
protein degradation
What is cortisol in hight conc?
antagonistic in high conc
What does cortisol stimulate?
proetin breakdiwn
What does cortisol inhibit/arrest?
inhibit GH and growth processes
arrests growth in favour of stress responses
When does the GH dictate dwarfism?
childhood deficiency in GH
What 2 things cause a deficiency in GH?
production problem
receptor problem
How do you treat dwarfism?
genetically engineered hGH
Why is there a limited treatment for dwarfism?
before epiphyseal plate closes
What can cause childhood excess of GH?
caused by a benign, slow growing, GH-secreting anterior pituitary tumour
How can you treat gigantism?
surgical removal of tumour
can be treated with somatostatins-like drugs (inhibit GH release)
What is the disorder of excess GH after epiphyseal plate closure?
acromegaly
What causes acromegaly?
caused by benign, slow growing, GH-secreting AP tumour
What are the symptoms of acromegaly?
thickening of bones in hands, feet and head (particularly in jaw)
increased size of soft tissues (e.g. heart) may impair physiological function
What GH disorder is associated with adulthood?
acromegaly
Treatmet for acromegaly?
surgical removal of tumour
somatostatins-like drugs (inhibit GH release)
