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BDS2.5 Applied Biomedical Sciences > endocrinology 3 - thyroid hormone > Flashcards

endocrinology 3 - thyroid hormone Flashcards

1
Q

What hypothalamic hormone stimulates TSH?

A

THYROID RELEASE HORMONE

TRH

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2
Q

What does TRH stimulate?

A

TSH

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3
Q

What does TSH stimulate?

A

thyroid gland

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4
Q

What are the 2 types of cells in the thyroid gland?

A

follicular cells

clear (c cells)

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5
Q

What do follicular cells secrete?

A

TH

T4 + T3

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6
Q

What do C cells secrete?

A

calcitonin

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7
Q

What cells line the follicles in thyroid gland?

A

follicular cells

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8
Q

What is the substance in the centre of the follicle?

A

colloid

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9
Q

Describe the colloid substance?

A

sicky, glycoprotein-rich matrix

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10
Q

What is the backbone of thyroid hormones?

A

tyrosine

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11
Q

Name T4?

A

thyroxine

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12
Q

How many iodine does T4 have?

A

4 iodine atoms

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13
Q

What do thyroid hormones behave like?

A

steroid hormones

lipophilic

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14
Q

What is the plasma binding p of thyroid hormone?

A

TBG

thyroglobulin

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15
Q

half-life for T4/

A

6 days

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16
Q

half-life for T3?

A

1 day

17
Q

What is the primary form of thyroid hormone in plasma?

A

T4 (inactive)

18
Q

When is T4 converted to T3?

A

In target tissue

19
Q

How is T4 converted to T3?

A

DEIDONASE

20
Q

What supply of thyroid hormone does the colloid contain?

A

2-3 months

21
Q

When does TH move form the colloid to the follicular cell?

A

TSH

T4 and T3 release

22
Q

What type of release is the thyroid hormone?

A

continuous

driven by TRH in hypo

23
Q

What factors promote TRH?

A

cold, exercise, pregnancy

24
Q

What is the function of thyroid hormone?

A

raise metabolic rate an produces heat (thermogenic)

provide substrate for oxidative metabolism (AAs, FAs. CHO)

critical for growth

required for foetal brain development
- nervous system function and cognition

25
Q

How is thyroid hormone involved in growth?

A

anabolic (involved in synthesis reaction)

stimulates GH receptor expression

26
Q

What can iodine deficiency in mother cause?

A

baby deficient in thyroid hormone = cretin

27
Q

What does hyperthyroidism lead to?

A

increased metabolic rate and heat production
- heat tolerance/ weight loss

increased protein metabolism
- muscle weakness/weight loss

altered nervous system function
- hypoexcitable reflexes and psychological disturbances

elevated cardiovascular function
- increased HR/contractile force

28
Q

What causes hyperthyroidism?

A

hormone-secreting thyroid tumour (rare) or nodules

graves disease (antibodies produced that bind and activate the thyroid)

29
Q

Graves disease?

A

hyperthyroidism

(antibodies produced that bind and activate the thyroid)

30
Q

Treatment for hyperthyroidism?

A

surgical removal or part of gland

radioactive iodine treatment (destroys TH-producing follicular cells)

thyrostatics (block TH synthesis)

propylthiouracil (blocks T4 -> T3)

31
Q

propylthiouracil?

A

(blocks T4 -> T3)

32
Q

What does hypothyroidism lead to?

A

decrease metabolic rate and heat production
- cold intolerance/ weight gain

disrupted protein synthesis
- brittle skin/thin skin

altered NS function
- slow speech/reflexes, fatigue

reduced cardiovascular function
- slow HR/weaker pulse

33
Q

What can cause hypothyroidism?

A

deficiency in dietary iodine

autoimmune attack on thyroid gland

34
Q

What is the treatment for hypothyroidism?

A

oral thyroxine T4

dietary iodine supplements e.g. iodised salt (1 in every10,000 molecules is NaI)

35
Q

What is a goiter?

A

enlargement of the thyroid gland

36
Q

What causes a goiter?

A

caused by trophic action of TSH on thyroid follicular cells

iodine deficiency - thyroid gland increase

resulting in hypertrophy (overgrowth) of thyroid gland

37
Q

What ab are present in graves disease?

A

TSIs

thyroid stimulating hormone

38
Q

What is a key symptom of graves disease?

A

enlargement of eye muscles/tissues

BDS2.5 Applied Biomedical Sciences (48 decks)

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