Motor control - Introduction

Question 1

What are the 3 levels of motor control?

Answer 1

high
middle
low

Question 2

What strucures are associated with high level motor control?

Answer 2

association neocortex

basal ganglia

Question 3

What are the strucures associtaed wih middle level motor control?

Answer 3

motor cortex

cerebellum

Question 4

What structures are associated with low level motor control?

Answer 4

brain stem

spinal cord

Question 5

What do the lateral pathways control?

Answer 5

control voluntary movements

Question 6

What do the ventromedial pathways control?

Answer 6

control posture and locomotion

Question 7

Answer 7

A = ventromedial pathways
B = lateral pathways

Question 8

Name the tracts in the lateral pathways?

Answer 8

corticospinal tracts

rubrospinal tract

Question 9

Name the tracts in the ventromedial pathways?

Answer 9

tectospinal tract

vestibulospinal tract

pontine reticulospinal tract

medullary reticulospinal tract

Question 10

What controls the lateral pathways?

Answer 10

under direct cortical control

Question 11

What controls the ventromedial pathways?

Answer 11

under brain stem control

Question 12

What areas are the motor cortex?

Answer 12

area 4 and 6

Question 13

Where do 2/3 of the CST come rom?

Answer 13

frontal motor cortex areas 4 and 6

the rest are from the somatosensory

Question 14

what does the somatosensory area help with motor?

Answer 14

e.g. a diver, tells you where you are in space, you need sensory input to help with motor function

visual, joint angle input within space an time

Question 15

What does the right motor cortex control?

Answer 15

left side of body

Question 16

Where do the CST axons synapse?

Answer 16

in the ventral horn and interneurons to control muscles

Question 17

Where do the RST start?

Answer 17

starts in the red nucleus of midbrain

Question 18

What happens when there is a lesion to the CST and the RST?

Answer 18

lose fine motor movements of arms and hands. cant move shoulders, elbows, wrist and fingers independently

You need both

Question 19

What does the RST take inputs from?

Answer 19

cortical areas, same as CST

Question 20

What happens in solely a CST lesion?

Answer 20

same limb deficits but after a few months functions reappear.

taken over by RST, because if now lesion RST - lose restored functions

Question 21

What type of neurones are present in the motor cortex and project via the CST?

Answer 21

LARGE PYRAMIDAL

Question 22

Answer 22

Question 23

The interneurones excite muscles but at the same time have to do what?

Answer 23

inhibit the opposing muscle

inhibits pools of antagonist motorneurones

if you want to flex the elbow, you will excite flexor muscles and inhibit extensor muscles

Question 24

What tracts control voluntary movements?

Answer 24

CST
RST