Acute Inflammation Flashcards
What is acute inflammation?
The immediate and early response to injury
What are the cardinal signs of inflammation?
Heat
Redness
Swelling
Pain
Loss of function
Is acute inflammation mainly adaptive of innate immunity?
Innate
What is acute inflammation designed to deliver?
Leukocytes (neutrophils)
What initiates the acute inflammation?
(Cell damage)
Physical damage
Irritant
Infection
Immune (allergy/hayfever)
Tissue necrosis
Is acute inflammation chemically of physically initiated?
Chemically
What is the effects of mediators?
Vasodilation
Chemotaxis
Increased permeability
Neutrophils adhesion
Itch and pain
What is the first event which happens in the vasculature?
They constrict transiently then dilate to become more permeable
A = plasma
B = erythrocytes
C = WBC (neutrophils)
What is exudate?
Movement of protein rich fluid
What increases transocytosis?
EGF exposure
Flow in inflammation
A = plasma
B = erythrocytes
C = WBC
What are the steps in the extravasation of leukocytes?
- Margin action and rolling
- Adhesion and transmission
- Migration and interstitial tissue
How do neutrophils stick to endothelial cells?
Selectins
E,L,P
What allows firm adhesion of neutrophils to ednsothelial cells?
ICAM and VCAM
What is ICAM1?
Immunoglobulin superfamily
What does ICAM bind?
Intergrins on neutrophils
High affinity binding
What is the movement of neutrophils through the endothelial cells?
Diapedesis
What causes the focal degradation of basement membrane?
Collagenases
What do prostaglandins and kinins do?
Increase pain
What is the effect of cyclo-oxygenase?
Increase prostaglandins and increase pain levels
What painkiller is not good at sites if inflammation?
Paracetamol
What pathway does laracetamol inhibit?
Sodium channels
Also inhibit cyclo-oxygenase pathway
Difference between opioids and opiates?
Opioids are natural
Opiates are synthetic
