Nutrition 1 - macronutrients Flashcards
What is a macronutrient?
A chemical element necessary in relatively large amounts and essential to growth and health of an organism
What is a micronutrient?
A substance such as a vitamin or mineral, that is essential in small amounts for the proper growth and metabolism of a living organism. they are either enzymes or act as coenzymes in managing chemical reactions
What are the energy providing nutrients?
Proteins, fats, carbohydrates
Can the body synthesize macro and micro nutrients?
No, they are essential
What are essential nutrients?
Cannot be synthesised in the body
What are examples of essential nutrients?
Water, some fats, proteins, inorganic, and organic nutrients e.g. calcium, iron, vit C
What is the gross energy (GE)?
Total chemical energy in food
What is the digestible energy (DE)?
Energy absorbed across digestive tract
Energy available after digestion and absorption
How can you measure gross energy?
Bomb calorimeter
What food category has the highest net energy?
Carbohydrates (97%)
What is metabolisable energy?
DE minus urinary and faecal energy loss
What is the net energy value of lipids?
95%
What is the net energy value of protein?
92%
Does food usually have mixed energy sources?
Yes, e.g. steak is protein and fat …
How do you calculate food intake as a %EI (8000)?
E.g. for 70g protein
70x 17 = 1190
1190/8000 = 14.9%
What is the male daily energy expenditure?
2700-3000
What is basal metabolic rate?
The absolute minimum energy to keep you alive
What is the female daily average energy expenditure?
2000-2100 kcal
What is a positive energy balance?
Energy intake more than energy expenditure
Weight gain
What is a negative energy balance?
Energy intake less than energy expenditure
Weight loss
