Renal System 1

Question 1

What do kidneys do?

Answer 1

Process the plasma portion of blood by removing substances from it, and in a few cases, by adding substances to it

Question 2

Can the renal system have effects on other organs?

Answer 2

Yes e.g. cardiovascular

Question 3

Answer 3

Question 4

If someone is constantly having fractures, oral thrush, osteoporosis etc. what can this indicate?

Answer 4

Reno disease

Glusocse regulation issue s

Question 5

Why do the kidneys have a thick outer coating?

Answer 5

Need to control pressure in kidneys

Filtration occurs here and want to squeeze fluid out of

Question 6

Are the kidney cells energy hungry?

Answer 6

Yes

Question 7

What is the primary role of the kidneys?

Answer 7

Regulation of H2O and inorganic ion balance: regulation of ECF volume and composition

Question 8

What ions are the most ions the kidneys regulate?

Answer 8

Na
K
Ca
Mg
Cl
HCO3
H
Phosphates and sulphate

Question 9

What do the kidneys want to filter out of the ECF?

Answer 9

Products in high conc or waste products

Question 10

What is another function of the kidneys? (Secondary function)

Answer 10

Removal of metabolic waste products from the blood and their excretion in urine

Question 11

What are examples of metabolic waste products?

Answer 11

Urea from protein breakdown

Uric acid

Creatine

Question 12

What happens if metabolic waste product build up?

Answer 12

Renal disease

Question 13

What else can the kidneys remove from blood?

Answer 13

Food additives, drugs, pesticides

Question 14

Gluconeogenesis?

Answer 14

Synthesis of glucose form amino acids

Question 15

Are the kidneys involved in the endocrine function?

Answer 15

Yes

Question 16

What hormone is released from the kidneys?

Answer 16

Erthyopoetin

Question 17

What does erthyropoetin do?

Answer 17

Enhances erythrocytes production during hypoxia by acting on bone marrow

Question 18

What disease is related to erthrypoetin?

Answer 18

Anaemia

Question 19

What enzyme is released by the kidneys?

Answer 19

Renin

Question 20

What is the role of renin?

Answer 20

An enzyme that controls formation of angiotensin and influences BP and na2+ balance

Question 21

What controls Ca balance in the kidneys?

Answer 21

Calcitriol

Question 22

What are the 2 parts of the kidney?

Answer 22

Outer granular cortex and inner striated medulla

Question 23

What is the nephron?

Answer 23

Basic unit of the kidney

Question 24

How many nephrons in a kidney?

Answer 24

2.5 million

Question 25

What are the 2 functional components of the kidney?

Answer 25

Tubular and a vascular complement

Question 26

What does the mechanism of the kidney depend upon?

Answer 26

Relationship between the vascular and tubular components

Question 27

Can the nephron adapt?

Answer 27

Yes, internal environment balanced and we are gealthy

Question 28

When the tube is thicker, why is this?

Answer 28

Cells are moser active, more absorption and secretion

Question 29

Answer 29

Question 30

What delivers blood to the glomeruslus?

Answer 30

Afferent arteriole

Question 31

Is all your blood filtered?

Answer 31

Not all only some

Question 32

What blood vessel leaves the blood?

Answer 32

Efferent arteriole

Question 33

What happens in the bowman’s capsule?

Answer 33

It captures the filtrate and goes down the proximal tubule

Question 34

What is the glomerulus?

Answer 34

Closely associates with the bowmans capsule It is a ball of capillaries

Question 35

What is the structure of the proximal tubule?

Answer 35

Epithelial cells are wide and contain many mitochondria Surface area is greatly increased by numerous projections (microvilli) known as the luminal surface, forming a brush border

Question 36

What happens if you have even more and longer loops of henle?

Answer 36

Better at storing water E.g. in a desert effect conc of urine - juxtamedullary nephron

Question 37

What are the cells like in the descending limb of henle?

Answer 37

Epithelial cells are flattened and thin, with few mitochondria

Question 38

Is the ascending limb of henle thick or thin?

Answer 38

Thick Numerous mitochondria