Renal System 1 Flashcards
What do kidneys do?
Process the plasma portion of blood by removing substances from it, and in a few cases, by adding substances to it
Can the renal system have effects on other organs?
Yes e.g. cardiovascular
If someone is constantly having fractures, oral thrush, osteoporosis etc. what can this indicate?
Reno disease
Glusocse regulation issue s
Why do the kidneys have a thick outer coating?
Need to control pressure in kidneys
Filtration occurs here and want to squeeze fluid out of
Are the kidney cells energy hungry?
Yes
What is the primary role of the kidneys?
Regulation of H2O and inorganic ion balance: regulation of ECF volume and composition
What ions are the most ions the kidneys regulate?
Na
K
Ca
Mg
Cl
HCO3
H
Phosphates and sulphate
What do the kidneys want to filter out of the ECF?
Products in high conc or waste products
What is another function of the kidneys? (Secondary function)
Removal of metabolic waste products from the blood and their excretion in urine
What are examples of metabolic waste products?
Urea from protein breakdown
Uric acid
Creatine
What happens if metabolic waste product build up?
Renal disease
What else can the kidneys remove from blood?
Food additives, drugs, pesticides
Gluconeogenesis?
Synthesis of glucose form amino acids
Are the kidneys involved in the endocrine function?
Yes
What hormone is released from the kidneys?
Erthyopoetin
What does erthyropoetin do?
Enhances erythrocytes production during hypoxia by acting on bone marrow
What disease is related to erthrypoetin?
Anaemia
What enzyme is released by the kidneys?
Renin
What is the role of renin?
An enzyme that controls formation of angiotensin and influences BP and na2+ balance
What controls Ca balance in the kidneys?
Calcitriol
What are the 2 parts of the kidney?
Outer granular cortex and inner striated medulla
What is the nephron?
Basic unit of the kidney
How many nephrons in a kidney?
2.5 million
What are the 2 functional components of the kidney?
Tubular and a vascular complement
What does the mechanism of the kidney depend upon?
Relationship between the vascular and tubular components
Can the nephron adapt?
Yes, internal environment balanced and we are gealthy
When the tube is thicker, why is this?
Cells are moser active, more absorption and secretion
What delivers blood to the glomeruslus?
Afferent arteriole
Is all your blood filtered?
Not all only some
What blood vessel leaves the blood?
Efferent arteriole
What happens in the bowman’s capsule?
It captures the filtrate and goes down the proximal tubule
What is the glomerulus?
Closely associates with the bowmans capsule
It is a ball of capillaries
What is the structure of the proximal tubule?
Epithelial cells are wide and contain many mitochondria
Surface area is greatly increased by numerous projections (microvilli) known as the luminal surface, forming a brush border
What happens if you have even more and longer loops of henle?
Better at storing water
E.g. in a desert
effect conc of urine
- juxtamedullary nephron
What are the cells like in the descending limb of henle?
Epithelial cells are flattened and thin, with few mitochondria
Is the ascending limb of henle thick or thin?
Thick
Numerous mitochondria
