RDGR 281 LO1 Flashcards
What are three ways a foreign body can enter the body?
Aspirated, swallowed, penetrating
What does imaging a foriegn body verify?
size, position, extent of damage
What are the five ways to get high quality images?
small focus spot remove artifiact short exposure time cassettes clean post aquisition manipulation
What is the positioning for penetration foreign bodies?
- mark entrance and exit wounds
- AP or PA and lateral
- 2 projections 90 degrees
Why should compression not be used when taking images of foreign bodies?
- reduces thickness so unknown depth
- May cause further damage
What are oblique projections for?
to separate overlying structures (superimposition of the fb and bone)
What are the tangential projections for?
useful for depth of fb
What is the profunda method?
removal of fb from fluoroscopic guidance, high radiation dose
What are 4 ways to increase radiographic detail?
- minimal OID
- Consistent SID
- Close collimation
- Minimize possibility of artifacts
What ages of children in airway foreign bodies most common?
ages 6 months to 3 years
What is a symptom for a child if they have a foreign body aspirated.
persistent cough, stridor, wheezing cough, recurrent pneumonia or hempotysis. No fever
Which projections do you take if you dont know if a child has aspirated or swallowed an object?
- AP chest to include full airway
- AP abdomen to include lung bases and pubic symphysis
- Lateral soft tissue neck (nasion to thoracic inlet including c-spine)
If the coin is in the coronal plane, what is it lodged in?
the esophagus (coin facing me)
if the coin is in the sagittal plane where is it lodged?
the trachea. (coin facing the side)
what is the ball valve effect?
when a fb is aspirated and you can inspire but cant exhale.
what are the routine projections for a aspirated fb?
PA inspiration and expiration, Lateral
What projections do you take for a child that cant cooperate with breathing instructions?
right and left decubitus
What is the routine for soft tissue neck in AP projection?
- CR perpendicular to the laryngeal prominence (upper airway)
- CR perpendicular to the manubrium (larynx and superior mediastinum).
- Collimation: 1” beyond skin line
- respiration: expose on slow inspiration to ensure trachea is filled with air
What is the routine for soft tissue lateral?
- center airway to the midline of the IR
- direct CR to the level of the laryngeal prominence (for upper airway) or manubrium (for larynx and superior mediastinum)
respiration: expose on slow inspiration to ensure trachea is filled with air
what are four reasons water-soluble iodinated medium is used for radiolucent fb?
- localize non-opaque fb with opaque coating
- identifies site of obstruction
- permits better evaluation of soft tissue trauma
- does not adhere to fb therefore endoscopic removal is possible
barium suspension adheres to fb, therefore make it slippery and difficult for physician to grasp
What is PICA?
compulsive ingestion of nonfood articles
what are routine projections for airway foreign bodies?
- AP chest
- abdomen
- lateral STN (nasion to thoracic inlet including c-spine)
What symptoms show when the fb is ingested?
drooling and inability to swallow
what does the upper airway of the soft tissue neck AP all show from?
superior oropharynx to the proximal trachea.
What does the soft tissue neck lateral all show from?
trachea and superior mediastinum
Where are opaque foreign bodies lodged in?
pharynx or upper part of the esophagus
