Lung Diseases

Question 1

What is cystic fibrosis?

Answer 1

hereditary disease characterized by the secretion of excessively viscous mucous by all the exocrine glands

Question 2

What is idiopathic respiratory distress syndrome (hyaline membrane disease)?

Answer 2

lack of lipoprotein ‘surfactant’ from immaturity or birth trauma

Question 3

What is alveolar pneumonia?

Answer 3

Replaces air in the alveoli with inflammatory exudate which appears solid or radiopaque

Question 4

What is bronchopneumonia?

Answer 4

Originates in the bronchi or bronchiolar mucosa and spreads to adjacent alveoli

Question 5

What can bronchopneumonia lead to?

Answer 5

atelectasis

Question 6

What is interstitial pneumonia?

Answer 6

Involves walls, lining of the alveoli and the interstitial

supporting structures of lungs and alveoli septa

Question 7

What is lung abscess?

Answer 7

area of necrosis of parenchyma containing pus

Question 8

Tuberculosis

Answer 8

Inflammatory cells collect around TB clump to
form a small mass (tubercle), invisible to the
naked eye

Question 9

Tuberculoma

Answer 9

Sharply circumscribed parenchymal nodule, often containing active TB

Question 10

RSV Respiratory syncytial virus

Answer 10

Attacks lower respiratory tract and causes necrosis of the epithelium of bronchi and
bronchioles which leads to bronchiolitis (produces bronchial spasm and interstitial
pneumonia)

Question 11

Chronic Bronchitis

Answer 11

chronic inflammation of bronchi leads to coughing and

sputum production

Question 12

Emphysema

Answer 12

airborne irritants damage and coat the alveoli which causes mucosal inflammation and
secretion of excess mucus that plugs the air passages

Question 13

Asthma

Answer 13

wide spread narrowing of the airways, response of tracheobronchial tree to irritants

Question 14

Bronchiectasis

Answer 14

permanent abnormal dilation of one or more large bronchi from destruction of elastic
and muscular components of the bronchial wall.

Question 15

bronchial adenoma

Answer 15

• Neoplasms of low grade malignancy

- Occur centrally in major segmental bronchi and cause obstruction

Question 16

Bronchegenic Carcinoma

Answer 16

Primary carcinoma of the lung that arises from the mucosa of the bronchial tree

Question 17

Atelectasis

Answer 17

diminished air within the lung and decreased lung volume results
- Results from bronchial obstruction, neoplasm, FB
- because air gets trapped in the lung, it is absorbed into the blood stream
and the lung collapses

Question 18

Adult Respiratory distress syndrome

Answer 18

structure of lung breaks down leading to massive leakage of cells and fluid into the interstitial and alveolar spaces

Question 19

Mediastinal Emphysema

Answer 19

air in the mediastinal space

Question 20

Another name for mediastinal emphysema?

Answer 20

Pneumonmediastinum

Question 21

Pneumothroax

Answer 21

air in pleural cavity

Question 22

Pleural effusion

Answer 22

accumulation of fluid in pleural space

Question 23

Pulmonary edema

Answer 23

abnormal accumulation of fluid in the extra vascular tissue of lungs

Question 24

Pulmonary arteriovenous fistula

Answer 24

abnormal vascular communication between a pulmonary artery and pulmonary vein