Path 181 Endocrine Flashcards
What are the 5 glands involved in the endocrine system?
Hypothalamus, pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenals
what glands are the scattered cells in?
gonads, pancreas, intestines
What is the thyroid, adrenals, gonads all regulated by?
anterior pituitary which is regulated by the hypothalamus.
What is the endocrines primary function?
produce HORMONES for secretion into the blood or extracellular spaces for transport to other glands to help your body function properly
What sites do endocrine hormones bind to on target tissues?
specific receptor
the binding of the hormone to its receptor is very….
specific, concentration dependent and reversible
what are the two different types of hormones?
Protein and steroid
Where is protein hormone derived from? Steroid?
Protein= amino acid chains Steroid= cholesterol
What does water soluble mean? fat soluble?
water soluble= meaning they can dissolve in and travel through the blood
Fat soluble= can cross through a cells membrane and enter the cell
What are the three diseases involving endocrine glands?
hyperfunction, hypofunction, tumours
What are the two main categories of endocrine disorders?
Primary and secondary
Define primary and secondary in the endocrine system.
Primary= defect is in the target gland from which the hormone has originated. ex) pituitary Secondary= gland is normal function. excess or deficiency of hormones
Define Diuresis
production of unusually large volumes of urine
Define Glycolysis
Metabolism of glucose to pyruvate or lactate for use as energy
Define Glycogen
Stored form of glucose
Define Glycsouria
Urinary excretion of glucose
Define Glycogenolysis
Breakdown of glycogen to glucose for use as energy
Define Gluconeogenesis
Formation of glucose from non-carbohydrate sources (proteins or fats)
Define Glycosylated Hemoglobin
A hemoglobin compound formed during the reaction of glucose with an amino group of hemoglobin
Define Hyperosmolality
Increased number of solutes in a solution
Define Hyperglycemia
Abnormally high concentrations of glucose in the blood
Define Hypoglycemia
Abnormally low concentrations of glucose in the blood
Define Ketogenesis
Metabolic production of ketones
Define Ketoacidosis
Acidosis caused by an increased production of ketones
Define Ketonemia
Ketones present in the blood/plasma
Define Ketonuria
Presence of ketones in the urine
Define Lipogenesis
Conversion of carbohydrates to fatty acids
Define Lipolysis
Decomposition of fats
Define Osmolality
Concentration of solutes per kilogram of solvent expressed as osmoles per kilogram
Define Polydipsia
Prolonged excessive thirst
Define Polyphagia
Excessive eating
Define Polyuria
Excessive urine excretion
