Path 181 Endocrine

Question 1

What are the 5 glands involved in the endocrine system?

Answer 1

Hypothalamus, pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenals

Question 2

what glands are the scattered cells in?

Answer 2

gonads, pancreas, intestines

Question 3

What is the thyroid, adrenals, gonads all regulated by?

Answer 3

anterior pituitary which is regulated by the hypothalamus.

Question 4

What is the endocrines primary function?

Answer 4

produce HORMONES for secretion into the blood or extracellular spaces for transport to other glands to help your body function properly

Question 5

What sites do endocrine hormones bind to on target tissues?

Answer 5

specific receptor

Question 6

the binding of the hormone to its receptor is very….

Answer 6

specific, concentration dependent and reversible

Question 7

what are the two different types of hormones?

Answer 7

Protein and steroid

Question 8

Where is protein hormone derived from? Steroid?

Answer 8

Protein= amino acid chains
Steroid= cholesterol

Question 9

What does water soluble mean? fat soluble?

Answer 9

water soluble= meaning they can dissolve in and travel through the blood
Fat soluble= can cross through a cells membrane and enter the cell

Question 10

What are the three diseases involving endocrine glands?

Answer 10

hyperfunction, hypofunction, tumours

Question 11

What are the two main categories of endocrine disorders?

Answer 11

Primary and secondary

Question 12

Define primary and secondary in the endocrine system.

Answer 12

Primary= defect is in the target gland from which the hormone has originated. ex) pituitary
Secondary= gland is normal function. excess or deficiency of hormones

Question 13

Define Diuresis

Answer 13

production of unusually large volumes of urine

Question 14

Define Glycolysis

Answer 14

Metabolism of glucose to pyruvate or lactate for use as energy

Question 15

Define Glycogen

Answer 15

Stored form of glucose

Question 16

Define Glycsouria

Answer 16

Urinary excretion of glucose

Question 17

Define Glycogenolysis

Answer 17

Breakdown of glycogen to glucose for use as energy

Question 18

Define Gluconeogenesis

Answer 18

Formation of glucose from non-carbohydrate sources (proteins or fats)

Question 19

Define Glycosylated Hemoglobin

Answer 19

A hemoglobin compound formed during the reaction of glucose with an amino group of hemoglobin

Question 20

Define Hyperosmolality

Answer 20

Increased number of solutes in a solution

Question 21

Define Hyperglycemia

Answer 21

Abnormally high concentrations of glucose in the blood

Question 22

Define Hypoglycemia

Answer 22

Abnormally low concentrations of glucose in the blood

Question 23

Define Ketogenesis

Answer 23

Metabolic production of ketones

Question 24

Define Ketoacidosis

Answer 24

Acidosis caused by an increased production of ketones

Question 25

Define Ketonemia

Answer 25

Ketones present in the blood/plasma

Question 26

Define Ketonuria

Answer 26

Presence of ketones in the urine

Question 27

Define Lipogenesis

Answer 27

Conversion of carbohydrates to fatty acids

Question 28

Define Lipolysis

Answer 28

Decomposition of fats

Question 29

Define Osmolality

Answer 29

Concentration of solutes per kilogram of solvent expressed as osmoles per kilogram

Question 30

Define Polydipsia

Answer 30

Prolonged excessive thirst

Question 31

Define Polyphagia

Answer 31

Excessive eating

Question 32

Define Polyuria

Answer 32

Excessive urine excretion