LO 3 path 181 skeletal system Flashcards
What are osteoblasts and osteoclasts?
Osteoblasts = bone-forming cells Osteoclasts = function to resorb bone during processes of growth and repair
The plasma membrane of osteoblasts are rich in what?
alkaline phosphate (ALP)
What is increased in Pagets disease?
ALP
What does bones store?
Calcium and phosphorous
What is Pagets disease?
also known as osteitis deformans. Bone disorder characterized by extensive bone resorption due to increased osteoclastic activity.
What is osteoporosis?
absolute reduction of total bone mass
What levels are normal in osteoporosis?
Calcium, alkaline, phosphate.
What is osteoarthritis?
degenerative disease of the joints.
Are there any elevated levels of WBC, bacteria or uric acid crystals in osteoarthritis?
No
What is Rheumatoid Arthritis?
autoimmune. chronic systemic disease with inflammation of synovial lining of joint.
What is RHF (rheumatoid factor) in RA?
antibody that is an IgM class directed against the Fc portion of IgG.
What is ANA used for in testing for RA?
detection of if there are autoantibodies (cells attacking themselves)
Is systemic Lupus Erythematous (SLE) autoimmune?
yes
What is gout?
caused by hyperuricemia. High amounts of uric acid. Body makes uric acid when purines are broken down.
What is the most common muscular dystrophy?
Duchenne’s
What is Duchenne’s caused by?
mutation of dystrophin, a plasma membrane protein which holds structural proteins. It is a inherited X-linked trait only affecting males.
What is Myasthenia Gravis?
Autoimmune disease which involves neuromuscular junction resulting in muscular weakness and fatigability in face an throat. Enlargement of the thymus.
autoimmune neuromuscular
What does cloudy CSF mean?
abnormal query infection or inflammation
What does yellow CSF mean?
Xanthochromia
What does Xanthochromia mean?
Blood has been in CSF longer than 2-3 hours so cerebral hemorrhage, liver disease, bilirubin, carotene and melanin.
What is a CVA (cerebrovascular accident)?
lack of oxygen and nutrients to the brain. Also known as a stroke
What are the two main causes of a stroke?
blocked artery, leaking blood vessel
What is a ischemic stroke?
blocked artery
What is a hemorrhagic stroke?
leaking of a blood vessel
What is a TIA (transient ischemic attacks)?
mini stroke or brief episodes of stroke episodes. Disappears in 24 hours.
What may the laboratory test when it comes to strokes?
Prothrombin time and platelet count before giving a clot busting drug such as Tissue Plasminogen Activator (TPA).
What is meningitis?
inflammation of the meningeal coverings of the brain and spinal cord. May be due to bacteria, mycobacteria fungi and viruses.
What is MS (multiple Sclerosis)?
autoimmune, progressive disease that destroys myelin sheaths of neurons in the CNS
what cells are affected in MS?
T cells
In electrophoresis, what can oligoclonal banding help diagnose?
MS
