Fractures Flashcards
Salter Harris
growth plate fractures. End of long bone of child
Avulsion
generally a small fragment torn from a bony prominence as a result of indirectly applied tension forces within a ligament or tendon
Communited - Butterfly
is an elongated triangular fragement of cortical bone generally detached from 2 other larger fragments of bone
Communited - Splintered
Long, sharp pointed fragments
Depressed
occurs in frontal bone of skull or tibial plateau
Stress or fatigue
repeated strain or stress
What are the most common sites for pathologic fracture?
spine, femur, humerus
Torus (Buckle)
one cortex is intact with buckling or compaction of the opposite cortex
Displacement
degree of separation of bone fragments
Stable pelvis fracture:
pelvic ring in its periphery or at one level. Direct blow may cause fracture through ilium or pubic ramus
Colles fracture
transverse fracture in the distal inch of the radius with dorsal (posterior) angulation
Smith fracture
distal fragment is displaced anterior (palmar) aspect.
Caused by direct blow or fall with the wrist in hyperflexion
What bone is the most common carpal to break?
Navicular. Non-union is serious complication
Transverse through waist
Boxers
transverse through the head of the 5th metacarpal with palmar angulation and occasionally the 4th metacarpal
Bennets
fracture and dislocation of the first carpometacarpal joint
Avulsion fracture of the base of the first in association with dislocation of the trapezium from the pulling action of the abductor pollicus longud tendon. Thumb forced back
Monteggia
isolated fracture of the shaft of the ulna associated with anterior dislocation of the radius at the elbow
galeazzi
combination of a fracture of the shaft of the radius and a dorsal (posterior) dislocation of the ulna at the wrist
Potts
fracture of both malleoli and dislocation of the ankle joint
Potts -Bimalleolar
one side fractures transversely and the other side is a spiral or oblique fracture
Potts - Trimalleolar
involves the posterior lip of the tibia in addition to the medial and lateral malleoli and tibiotalar dislocations
Jones
transverse fracture at the base of the 5th metatarsal
Risk of open skull fractures
mengingitis or brain absess
skull - cerebrail cranial fracture
in the calvaria (upper portion) of the skull
Linear skull fracture
straight, sharp lucent line that is often irregular or jagged ad occasionally branches.
Depressed Fracture (Skull)
often stellate (star-shaped) with multiple fracture lines radiating outward from a central point
What is the most common facial fracture
nasal bone
Nasial bone
- may be simple, nondisplaced linear or comminuted with depression of the septum
- Most often the nasal bone fractures are transverse and affect the distal portion
Blow out
direct blow to the front of the orbit causing an increased orbital pressure
Zygomatic Arch
blow from the side of a face
Tripod
- floor orbit 2.zygomatic arch 3. lateral orbital rim and frontal -zygomatic suture seperation
3 classifications of Le Fort fractures maxilla
Horizontal, pyramidal, transverse
what is adjacent for maxilla?
nasal cavity, sinuses, orbit and brain
Anterior columns for spine
vertebral bodies, intervertebral discs, anterior and posterior longitudinal ligament
Posterior columns for spine?
facets, apophyseal joints, pedicles, laminae, spinous processes and the intervening ligaments
Jefferson (Bursting) fracture
communited fracture of the ring of the atlas, involves both the anterior and posterior arches and causes displacement of the fragements
odontoid process fractures-unstable
transverse and located at the vas of the dens
Type 2 - most common often nonunion
Type 3 - very common but heals easier
Hangmans fracture
traumatic spondylosis
Fracture of the arch of C2 anterior to the inferior facet and usually involves anterior subluxation of C2 on C3
Clay Shovelers - stable
-Avulsion fracture of a spinous process in the lower cervical or upper thoracic spine
