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Proc > Fractures > Flashcards

Fractures Flashcards

1
Q

Salter Harris

A

growth plate fractures. End of long bone of child

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2
Q

Avulsion

A

generally a small fragment torn from a bony prominence as a result of indirectly applied tension forces within a ligament or tendon

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3
Q

Communited - Butterfly

A

is an elongated triangular fragement of cortical bone generally detached from 2 other larger fragments of bone

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4
Q

Communited - Splintered

A

Long, sharp pointed fragments

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5
Q

Depressed

A

occurs in frontal bone of skull or tibial plateau

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6
Q

Stress or fatigue

A

repeated strain or stress

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7
Q

What are the most common sites for pathologic fracture?

A

spine, femur, humerus

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8
Q

Torus (Buckle)

A

one cortex is intact with buckling or compaction of the opposite cortex

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9
Q

Displacement

A

degree of separation of bone fragments

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10
Q

Stable pelvis fracture:

A

pelvic ring in its periphery or at one level. Direct blow may cause fracture through ilium or pubic ramus

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11
Q

Colles fracture

A

transverse fracture in the distal inch of the radius with dorsal (posterior) angulation

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12
Q

Smith fracture

A

distal fragment is displaced anterior (palmar) aspect.

Caused by direct blow or fall with the wrist in hyperflexion

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13
Q

What bone is the most common carpal to break?

A

Navicular. Non-union is serious complication

Transverse through waist

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14
Q

Boxers

A

transverse through the head of the 5th metacarpal with palmar angulation and occasionally the 4th metacarpal

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15
Q

Bennets

A

fracture and dislocation of the first carpometacarpal joint

Avulsion fracture of the base of the first in association with dislocation of the trapezium from the pulling action of the abductor pollicus longud tendon. Thumb forced back

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16
Q

Monteggia

A

isolated fracture of the shaft of the ulna associated with anterior dislocation of the radius at the elbow

17
Q

galeazzi

A

combination of a fracture of the shaft of the radius and a dorsal (posterior) dislocation of the ulna at the wrist

18
Q

Potts

A

fracture of both malleoli and dislocation of the ankle joint

19
Q

Potts -Bimalleolar

A

one side fractures transversely and the other side is a spiral or oblique fracture

20
Q

Potts - Trimalleolar

A

involves the posterior lip of the tibia in addition to the medial and lateral malleoli and tibiotalar dislocations

21
Q

Jones

A

transverse fracture at the base of the 5th metatarsal

22
Q

Risk of open skull fractures

A

mengingitis or brain absess

23
Q

skull - cerebrail cranial fracture

A

in the calvaria (upper portion) of the skull

24
Q

Linear skull fracture

A

straight, sharp lucent line that is often irregular or jagged ad occasionally branches.

25
Q

Depressed Fracture (Skull)

A

often stellate (star-shaped) with multiple fracture lines radiating outward from a central point

26
Q

What is the most common facial fracture

A

nasal bone

27
Q

Nasial bone

A
  • may be simple, nondisplaced linear or comminuted with depression of the septum
  • Most often the nasal bone fractures are transverse and affect the distal portion
28
Q

Blow out

A

direct blow to the front of the orbit causing an increased orbital pressure

29
Q

Zygomatic Arch

A

blow from the side of a face

30
Q

Tripod

A
  1. floor orbit 2.zygomatic arch 3. lateral orbital rim and frontal -zygomatic suture seperation
31
Q

3 classifications of Le Fort fractures maxilla

A

Horizontal, pyramidal, transverse

32
Q

what is adjacent for maxilla?

A

nasal cavity, sinuses, orbit and brain

33
Q

Anterior columns for spine

A

vertebral bodies, intervertebral discs, anterior and posterior longitudinal ligament

34
Q

Posterior columns for spine?

A

facets, apophyseal joints, pedicles, laminae, spinous processes and the intervening ligaments

35
Q

Jefferson (Bursting) fracture

A

communited fracture of the ring of the atlas, involves both the anterior and posterior arches and causes displacement of the fragements

36
Q

odontoid process fractures-unstable

A

transverse and located at the vas of the dens
Type 2 - most common often nonunion
Type 3 - very common but heals easier

37
Q

Hangmans fracture

A

traumatic spondylosis

Fracture of the arch of C2 anterior to the inferior facet and usually involves anterior subluxation of C2 on C3

38
Q

Clay Shovelers - stable

A

-Avulsion fracture of a spinous process in the lower cervical or upper thoracic spine

Proc (40 decks)

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