random geo info Flashcards
coldest temperature recorded
vostok station antartica 89.2C
deepest borehole
kola superdeep borehole russia 12 262
deepest cave
krubera cave georgia 7 208
deepest mine
mponeng gold mine south africa 4km below
deepest point in the ocean
challenger deep pacific 11 032
driest desert
atacama desert
farthest peak from the earth’s center
mount chimborazo ecuador 6310
flattest place
salar de uyuni bolivia 4k
highest mountain in the solar system
olympus mons mars 21 287 km
highest point (altitude)
mt. everest himalayas 8 484
highest volcano summit
nevado ojos del salado south america 6 879
hottest temperature recorded
death valley california 56.7C
largest artificial land
palm jumeirah UAE 5.72 km^2
largest basin
pacific ocean 155 000 000
largest cave system
hang song doong vietnam 150 ft deep
largest desert
antartic polar desert 14 245 014km
largest diamond mine
aikhal mine russia
largest earthquake
1960 valdivia earthquake chile m 9.5
largest gold mine
grasberg mine indonesia 100km ^2
largest gold nugget
welcome stranger 97.14kg
largest impact crater
vredefort crater 300km^2
largest lake by surface area
caspian sea 371 000km
largest lake by volume
lake baikal 23 615.39
largest meteorite
hoba meteorite, namibia 2.7m x 2.7m x 0.9 m
largest non polar desert
sahara desert 9 065 009
largest open pit mine
bingham canyon mine usaa 9km
largest river by discharge
amazon river 340 000
largest rock
mt. augustus australia 92 km
largest rough diamond
cullinan diamond 621.350 g
largest subaerial landslide
heart mountain landslide USA 1 036 km
largest submarine landslide
storegga slide norway 3500
largest surviving gold nugget
pepita canaa nugget 6 082
largest tsunami
1958 lituya bay megatsunami 525 m
longest and most active fault system
pacific ring of fire 40k km
longest cave system
mammoth cave kentucky 640 km
longest mountain range
mi atlantic ridge atlantic 16k km
longest mountain range above sea level
andes mountain range 7k km
longest river
nile river 6 650km
lowest point on land
deep sea shore, israel 395m
most active volcano
kilauea volcano hawaii
most massive volcano
tamu massif pacific 553 000km
most remote island
tristan de cunha saint helena 1 743 mi
smallest island
bishop rock england
snowiest place
paradise washington usa
tallest mountain
mauna kea hawaii 10203m from submarine to peak
wettest place
mawsynram india 467 in of annual rainfall
windiest place
commonwealth bay antartica 150 mph winds
hypothesized land formation through inland marine fossils soil erosion deposition
shen kuo
interpretation of fossils
theophrastus
first written work on minerals
theophrastus
proposed that metals and gur are made due to the interaction of seeds and water
thomas sherley
developed the young’s modulus of elasticity describing the stress strata relationship of materials
thomas young
wrote the earliest book on ore deposit
ulrich rulein von kalbe
described the inclined seismic zone independently along the kiyoo wadati called wadati benioff zone
victor hugo benioff
proposed the planetesimal theory in 1941
viktor safranov
published the book mineral deposits and made the lindgreen classification of deposits
waldemar lindgreen
formulated the snells lae for the relationship of angle of incidence and angle of reflection
willebrord snellius
developed the miller indices
william hallowes miller
wrote the earliest publication crystal structure determinations
william henry bragg
invented the reflecting goniometer
william hyde wollaston
proposed the davisian geomorphology or davis theory
william morris davis
developed cycle of erosion model
william morris davis
invented the polarizing microscope
william nicol
father of stratigraphy
father of english geology
established law of faunal succession
william smith
coined the term catastrophism and uniformitarianism
william whewell
developed the bivariate harker diagrams in 1909 for discriminating silicates with major or minor oxide compounds
alfred harker
named the divisions of pangaea into laurasia and gondwanaland
alexander du tolt
proposed the model for the earth’s homogeneous accretion
alfred edward ringwood
proposed neptunism origin of rocks and ore deposits
abraham werner
along with arthur holmes developed the continental drift theory
alfred wegener
identified the moho
andrija mohorivicic
invented the artificial coral reefs
angel alcala
along with robert wilson first observed the cosmic wave background radiation
arno penzias
invented the contact goniometer
amould carangeot
known as the father of geothermal energy development in ph
arturo alcaraz
along with frascatus and thomas norton believed the rays from heavenly bodies influenced mineralization
aurelio augurelli
grouped the minerals as stones sulfur minerals metals and salts
avicenna
known as the founding father of paleontology
proposed the principle of catastrophism
categorized 16 mineral groups as metals stones and earth
along wiht alexander brongniart established the basic principle of buostratigraphy such as the stratigraphic succession of earth layers
baron georges cuvier
developed chemical classification of minerals along with his students
baron jons jacob berzelius
proposed that veins are open fissures filled with minerals leached from the adjacents country rock
carl abraham gerhard
name of guternberg
beno gutenberg
proposed mohs scale
carl friedrich christian mohs
pioneer of nuclear studies in the ph
carlo arcilla
named the ordovician period
charles lapworth
popularized the principle of uniformitarianism
proposed the law of inclusion in strat
embellished the principle of law cross cutting relationship
charles lyell
along with udden developed the wentworth udden grade scale
chester k. wentworth
developed mohr circle
christian otto mohr
developed weiss parameters to describe crystal faces
christian samule weiss
justified the big bang theoty by observing the universe expansion
edwin hubble
proposed the nebular hypothesis
emanual swedenborg
together with schoenflies and barlov develoepd the foundation of xray crystallography founded on theories on internal symmetry
evgraf fedorov
introduced the process of gahrung and fauniss or metamorphism and weathering
fried. wilheim heinrich von trebra
identified six metamorphic zones named after him the barrovian zones
george barrow
developed airys hypothesis in isostasy
sir george biddeli airy
first proposed the big bang theory
george lemaitre
known as the father of economic geology
published de re metallica libri xii the first systematic treatise on mining and smelting
georgius agricola
developed the wellmas method in measuring the strain in rocks
harold wellman
developed the theory of seafloor spreading
harry hess
developed the hjulstom diagram for sediment entrainment transportation and deposition
henning filip hjulstrom
developed darcyls law in 1856 determine permeability
henry darcy
along with his wife lou henry hoover published the english translation of de re metallica libri xii in 1912
herbert hoover
noted the occurrence of gold in quartz veins
herodotus
developed and published the theory of nebular hypothesis in universal natural history and theory of the heavens in 1755
immanuel kant
first propsed the idea of the oort cloud in 1950
jan oort
affirmed stenos work on the crystals angles formulating the law of the consistency of interfacial angles
jean baptistie louis rome de i laie
along with nicolas desmarest made the first geologic maps
first observed the volcanic origins of some of the parts of france
jean etienne guettard
believed the golden tree where minerals are thought to be branches from a tree within the earth
johann gottlob lehmann
dismissed the idea that planets influenced mineralization
johann joachin becher
developed the pratts theory in isostasy
john henry pratt
father of ph geology
jose feliciano
formulated the gibbs phase rule in 1928 to govern the number of phases in equilibrium
josiah williard gibbs
first animal in space
laika
established five rules the paulings rules for cation-anion relationships
linus pauling
initiated the immersion method for optical mineralogy and had the mineral cordierite named after him
louis cordier
created the first detailed map of the ocean floor
marie tharp
suggested the idea for xray diffraction
max von laue
first man to walk on the moon during apollo 11
neil armstrong
developed the 3 basic principles of strat law of originality law of superposition and law of lateral continuity
first established law of cross cutting
nicolas steno
identified the lehmann discon
inge lehmann
observed the early evolution of tetrapods in valentia island
iwan stossel
father of modern geology
formulated the principle of uniformitarianism
proposed plutonism of origin of rocks
formulated the principle of law of cross cutting relationship
introduced the idea that mineral veins are injected into the fissures they occupy in a molten state
james hutton
developed the idea of catastrophism
james usher
father of modern petrology
norman L. bowen
formulated reynolds number to describe the fluid flow
osborne reynolds
first predicted cosmic wave background radiation
ralph asher alpher
handled the 1990 luzon earthquake and the 1991 pinatubo eruption
raymundo santiago punongbayan
discovered soft bodied impressions of animals during avalon explosion
reginald claude sprigg
made the first 24 hour weather forecast on aug 1 1861
robert fitzroy
established the hookes law for elastic relationship of rockes naming in elastic behavior as hooken behavior after him
robert hooke
developed the dunhams classification in 1962 recognizing four major types of grains or allochems in carbonate rocks
robert j. dunham
known as father of ph stratigraphy
rolando pena
established the goldichs rules and series an inverted to bowens series in 1938 for mineral stability
samuel s. goldich
introduced the idea of magmatic segregration to form minerals
scipione breisiak
observed crystals to have been built by smaller identical building blocks called integral molecules and developed the theory of rationale indices for crystal faces
rene j hauy
observed crystals to have been built by smaller identical building blocks called integral molecules and developed the theory of rationale indices for crystal faces
wind whose direction and speed are determined by a balance of the pressure gradient force and the force due ti the earths rotation
geostophic winds
low pressure area of the equator the winds are calm here difficult to navigate and trade winds meet other trade winds
doldrums
long narrow steep sided depression on a plant a moon or another body in the solar system
chasmata
largest mountain in venus
maxwell montes
upper part of the soil influenced by plant roots the A horizon and the B horizon
solum
occur in series down a formerly glaciated valley in small basins scooped out by the glacier as it retreated
paternoster lake
type of ventifacr with one edged wind abraded facets and two edged and 3 edged
eikanter
zweikanter
dreikanter
narrow valley with steep rocky walls located between hills or mountains
gorge
fastest spreading sections of the Earths mid ocean ridge system
southern stretch of the east pacific rise
scleractiniqn corals first appearance
triassic
ammonites index fossil of ph in what period?
jurassic
mammals
birds
monotreme
aves
first appearanc eof vascular plants
silurian
also known as dawn of life
eocene
1st appearanc eof mammoths
pliocene
first appearance of eohippus
eocene
caused the closing of tethys sea
himalayan orogeny
not considered as bed in thickness
1mm
age of cycads
triassic
how many moon pluto has
5
what do you call the variety of colors in a diamond
fancies
yellow, green, blue, orange, brown color of diamond
champagne
The first geologic time scale that included absolute dates was published in 1913
Arthur Holmes
