GOP Flashcards
What is the age of the Pacific Plate?
150 Ma (Late Jurassic)
What is the age of the Pacific Plate?
150 Ma (Late Jurassic)
Composition of the Pacific Plate?
Oceanic crust
Rate of movement of PP?
80 mm/yr
Kinematic reorganization of PP
43 Ma
5 Ma
The subduction of PP
Under Eurasian Plate, along the Japan trench
Philippine Sea Plate, along the Bonin-Marianas-Yap Trench system
Under Indo-Australian Plate, east of New Zealand
What are the 3 regional geology of Southeast Asia?
- Pacific Plate
- Eurasian Plate
- Indo-Australian Plate
What is the age of Eurasian Plate?
50 Ma (Eocene-Late Miocene)
Composition of EP
Continental, except marginal basins
Rate of movement of EP
3 mm/yr
Age of Indo-Australian Plate during the separation of India and Australia?
150 (Late Jurassic) Cessation of the MOR
43 Ma (Middle Eocene)
Composition
Continental- India and Australia
Oceanic- Indian Ocean
Rate of movement of IAP
107 mm/yr- northward motion
Kinematics of IAP (continental)
Collides with Eurasian Plate in the Himalayas
Kinematics of IAP (Oceanic)
Subducts under Eurasian Plate, along
Give the 3 marginal basins: Eurasian Affinity
- South China Sea Basin
- Sulu Sea Basin
- Celebes Sea Basin
Age of SCS Basin and Feature
32 Ma (Oligocene) to 17 Ma (Miocene)
Scarborough ridge- perpendicular to the Manila Trench
What is the associated feature of the notable formation Cortes Limestone?
Chocolate Hills
Malubog Formation?
Coal Stringers
Macasilao Formation
Contain Lignite Coal Beds
Lutopan Diorite
Porphyry Cu in Cebu
Lutopan Diorite
Porphyry Cu in Cebu
Vista Alegre
Dacite Porphyry
Negros Island
Gold Zone
Mindanao Dinagat Group of Island formations with age
Nueva Estrella Schist- Cretaceous
Siargao Limestone- Pleistocene
Sulu Archipelago
Sulu Serpentine- Cretaceous
Jolo Volcanic complex- plio-pleistocene
Zamboanga Peninsula
Tungauan Schist- Cretaceous
Sta. Maria Volcanic Complex- plio-pleistocene
Labangan Formation
Pleistocene
north central zamboanga
dansalan metamorphic complex- cretaceous
auroa formation- pleistocene
misamis oriental bukidnon-lanao
tago schist- cretaceous
cagayan gravel- pleistocene-recent
mindanao central cordillera
tago schist- cretaceous
cabanglasan gravel- pleistocene-recent
central mindanao volcanic complex
mabuaya andesite/lanao
volcanic complex/ ragang
volcanic complex/ parker
volcanic complex
ALL THE AGES IS PLIOCENE-RECENT
agusan basin
agdaoan formation- late miocene-late pliocene
alluvial, paludal and lacustrine deposits- holocene
davao basin
kabagtican formation- early miocene
tigatto terrace gravel- holocene
davao gulf and samal island
tagbobo conglomerate-pliocene
samal limestone- pleistocene
northern pacific cordillera
dinagat ophiolite- cretaceous
placer conglomerate- pleistocene
central pacific cordillera
anoling andesite/ bunggao limestone- eocene
Hinatuan limestone- pleistocene
Southern Pacific cordillera
barcelona formation- cretaceous
amacan volcanic complex- holocene
Daguma Range
Salbuyon Schist-cretaceous
Matualas Gravel- Holocene
Cotabato Basin
Patut Formation- middle miocene
Omanat Marl- Pleistocene
Saranggani Peninsula
Malita formation- early miocene
gumasa formation- plio-pleistocene
pujada peninsula
pujada ophioloite- cretaceous
maco limestone- late pleistocene
cagayan valley
abuan formation-eocene
awiden mesa formation-pliocene
cagayan valley
abuan formation-eocene
awiden mesa formation-pliocene
northern sierra madre caraballo
isabela ophilite- cretaceous
pantabangan formation- pliocene
zambales range
zambales ophiolotoc complex-eocene
bataan volcanic arc/ bolinao limestone- late miocene recent/ plio-pleistocene
southern sierra madre polilio-infanta
buhang ophiolitic complex- cretaceous
karlagan formation- pliocene
mainland (southern sierra madre)
montalban ophiolitic complex-cretaceous
manila formation- holocene
southwest luzon uplands
san juan formation- oligocene
banahaw volcanic complex-pleistocene-recent
marindique island
marinduque formation-cretaceous
malindig volcanic complex- pleistocene
bondoc peninsula
gumaca schist-cretaceous
malumbang formation- pleistocene
quezon-camarines norte
malaguit schist-jurassic
vinas formation-pliocene
caramoan peninsula/ camarines sur
siruma schist-jurassic
lahuy formation- middle-late miocene
catanduanes island
yop formation-cretaceous
ligao formation- plio-pleistocene
cagragay, batan, rapu rapu islands
rapu-rapu schist- cretaceous
bilbao formation- middle miocene
southern bicol peninsula
panganiran peridotte-cretaceous
ligao formation- plio-pleistocene
bicol volcanic arc complex
mt. tagagpo, susong dalaga volcanic complex- pliocene
masbate
baleno schist- cretaceous
masbate limestone- pleistocene
ticao island
talisay schist-cretaceous
matabao formation- pleistocene
burias and adjacent island
makalawang limestone-oligocene
baybay limestone-pliocene
southwest mindoro
mansalay formation- jurassic
oreng formation- pleistocene
northeast mindoro
halcon metamorphic complex-jurassic
dumali volcanic complex- pleistocene
north palawan
bacuit formation- oldest formation-permian
manguao basalt- pleistocene
south palawan
palawan ophiolite-cretaceous
tagburos ophiolite- pleistocene
buruanga peninsula
buruanga metamorphic complex- jurassic
libertad formation- plio-pleistocene
antique range
antique ophiolite-cretaceous
apdo formation- plio-pleistocene
central panay-iloilo basin
panpan formation-oligocene-miocene
cabatuan formation- plio pleistocene(also eastern panay)
eastern panay
sibala formation-cretaceous
romblon island group
romblon metamorphic complex- permian
peliw formation: looc limestone- pleistocene
negros island
basak formation- cretaceous
malindig volcanic complex- pleistocene-recent
negros and central cebu
tunlob schist-jurassic
carcar formation- pleistocene
southern cebu
pandan formation-cretaceous
linut-od formation- early miocene
siquijor island
kanglasog volcanic complex- cretaceous
siquijor limestone- plio-pleistocene
bohol island
alicia schist-cretaceous
mariboloc formation- plio-pleistocene
Western Island/ Camotes Island
Malitbog Ophiolite-cretaceous
San Isidro Limestone- Pleistocene
Central Highland
abuera diorite- eocene
leyte volcanic arc complex- late late pliocene-recnt
eastern leyte
tacloban ophiolite-cretaceous
baghupi formation- late miocene-pliocene
samar island
samar ophiolite-jurassic
calicoan formation- pleistocene
give 5 non ph mobile belt
- Southwest palawan basin
- reed bank basin
- west luzon basin (forearc basin)
- east palawan basin (forearc basin)
- sulu sea basin (backarc basin)
Give volcanoes in Luzon volcanic arc
manila trench
iraya
smith
babuyan
didicas
camiguin de babuyanes
cagua
pinatubo
macolod corridor: taal
banahaw
iraya
1 eruption
last known activity
batan island, batanes
smith
5
1924
babuyan island
babuyan claro
4
1917
babuyan island
didicas
6
1978
babuyan group of islands
camiguin de babuyanes
1
1857
babuyan group of islands
cagua
2
1907 (1860)
cagayan
pinatubo
3
1991 (2021)
taal
34
2020 (2021)
batangas
banahaw
3 (5)
1834 (1909)
laguna quezon province
east ph volcanic arc (ph trench)
bicol volcanic arc: isarog
iriga
mayon
bulusan
biliran
cabalian
isarog
3500 bce
camarines sur
iriga
2
1624
camarines sur
mayon
49 (50)
2021 2018
albay
bulusan
15
1995 (2021)
sorsogon
biliran
1
1939
biliran island
cabalian
1820
southern leyte
negros panay arc
kanlaon
25
1996 (2017)
negros oriental
cotabato arc
(cotabato trench)
- Ragang
- Makaturing
- Matutum
- Parker
- 8, 1916 lanao del sur cotabato
- 10, 1882, lanao del sur
- 1, 1911, south cotabato
- 1, 1640, sputh cotabato
molucca sea collision
- hibok hibok
- musuan
- leonard kniasefff
- 5, 1953, camiguin island
- 2, 1867, bukidnon
- 1800 120 CE Davao
Sulu Zamboanga Arc (sulu trench)
Bud Dajo
2, 1897, jolo island, sulu
Give the sedimentary basins of the ph mobile belt
forearc basin
ilocos basin
central luzon basin
cagayan valley basin
bicol shelf
west masbate- iloilo basin
agusan davao basin
backarc basin
visayan sea basin
southeast luzon basin
cotabato basin
rift basin
mindoro cuyo basin
northwest palawan basin
What earthquake in north bohol fault
inabanga
NE trending
Oct 15 2013 Ms. 7.2
reverse
negros thrust
NW trending
feb 6, 2012 bohol earthquake
ms 6.9
shallow seated earthquakes between Cebu and Bohol islands in the Visayas, with some capable of causing significant infrastructure damage
offshore cebu bohol faults
has a NS trend and movement left lateral strike slip
Mindanao Fault
this is a distinct segment of mindanao fault wherein it separates daguma range from cotabato basin
Cotabato fault segment (south)
this is a distinct segment of mindanao fault which is the northern continuation towards northern zamboanga
sindangan fault segment
NS trending
right lateral strike slip
tectonic boundary between the palawan midnoro microcontinental block and the western edge of the Philippine mobile belt
connects negros trench northwards to mindoro -panay collision zone
tablas lineament
SE trend
left lateral strike slip
continues up to the ph trench
legaspi lineament
NO trend
left lateral strike slip aborted by a spreading center under a transtensional tectonic regime
sibuyan sea fault
NS trend
right lateral strike slip significant normal component
mindoro/ aglubag fault
what are the two recent large earthquakes of mindoro/ aglubag fault
aug 17 1976 moro gulf ms 8.1
nov 15 1994 mindoro ms 7.1
NW trend
left lateral strike slip but transforms into a transpressional (thrusr/left-lateral) fault
plays a significant role in the transition from subduction along Manila Trench to collision in the Mindoro Palawan Panay area
lubang verde passage fault system
NNE-SSW trend
left lateral strike slip fracture zone
volcanoes associated taal banahaw makiling malepunyo maars of laguna (7 lakes)
macolod corridor
NE trend
right lateral and two adjacent normal faults
consists of 2 NE treding faults transecting metro manila that extends southwards to tagaytay ridge
1. west valley
2. east valley
marikina valley fault/ valley fault system
latitude 16N -18 N
benioff zone: shallow - no active volcanism
connected to ph trench by an ENE treding transcurrent fault zone
east luzon trough early miocene
22N-13N
steep on its southern portion, but flattens off toward the north
5100m
250 to 2600 km thick
subduction of the oceanic south china sea under the luzon arc
ends at the panay mindoro collision zone
manila trench 15 ma (early miocene to oligocene)
who proposed that the subduction along the manila trench started around 15ma and that volcanism related to the activity along the manila trench in western luzon is considerably older than 15ma
wolfe1981 and hayes and lewis 1984
10 N
subducted oceanic slab does not seem to exceed 100km
oceanic crust of sulu basin is being consumed
connects sulu trench southwestwards
subduction is marked by the present of an arc which has been active since its initiation at ~10 Ma
negros trench 10 ma miocene
subducted oceanic slab does not seem exceed 100km
connects with negros trench northeastward
sulu trench
6N
subduction is marked by earthquakes down to ~100lm depth poorly developed
connects with negros trench by a left lateral strike slip fault cutting the cotabato fault
consumes the celebes sea basin and the corresponding volcanic arcthat can be found on the western margin of the mindanao
cotabato trench <5ma pliocene
who suggested that the subduction along the cotabato trench is younger than 5ma similar to what they perceived for the initiation of subduction zones along the sulu sea margin
rangin 1999
manila trench luzon arc system to mindoro panay
continent arc collision eurasian plate vs ph sea plate
start of collision is associated with the kinematic reorganization of the ph sea plate at around 4ma
taiwan-collision zone
southern termination of manila trench down to the island of panay
arc continental collision -ph mobile belt vs palawan microcontinental pmc block
collision initiated in miocene right after cessation of the accretion of the south china sea oceanic crust between 32 and 17 ma
collision decreased since pliocene
mindoro-panay collision zone
south mindoro island in the mindanao island of panay
arc-arc collision- double vergent subduction of the molucca sea plate
scissor subduction:western slab subducts down at 600km and the eastern slab subducts down to 200km
two corresponding arcs sangihe and halmahera presently separated at least 1km
northern portion will close first
molucca sea colllision zone
NNW SSE TREND
creeping left lateral strike slip at an average movement of 2.5 cm/yr
intense deformation affects the PMB with sinistral fault transecting the archipelago from luzon to eastern mindanao for more than 1200km
lateral component of the oblique convergence between the ph sea plate and eurasian plate with other component being absorbed subduction along the ph trench under a shear partitioning mechanism
synchronous formation of pfz and ph trench
PFZ 4 ma pliocene-pleistocene
what are the 3 segments of philippine fault zone
divided into 3 segments
1, northern segment: NW luzon lamon bay- nw luzon is dominated by a thrust component
- central segment: bondoc peninsula to leyte
- southern segment: mindanao to molucca
the components under northern segment: NW luzon lamon bay- nw luzon
a. san miguel vigan aggao fault system
b. pugo fault
c. tuba fault
d. teboo abra fault
e. digdig kabugao fault caused july 16 1990 lulzon earthquake ms 7.8
4N-15N
benioff zone: 20 to the north ~ 45 to the south
1320km
8cm/yr
wadati-benioff zone depth <200km
volcanic arc can be traced from bicol to leyte
lacks any well developed accretionary prism
ph trench 5ma pliocene
NW displacement direction
3 main kinematic parameters with respect to eurasia:
1. rotation pole located NE of japan
2. relative displacement rate varies from N to S along the western edge of the PSP
a. 3cm/yr latitude to the nankai trough
b. 9cm/yr southern end of the ph trench
3. relative displacement direction whose azimuth is directed N55W near taiwan with a linear velocit aroung 7cm.\yr
present day kinematics
4ma plate reorganization
relative movement changed from NNW to WNW since 5ma based on taiwan collisionin taiwan at 4-6 ma 40 degrees CCW
in japan, at 2-3 ma 30 degrees CCW
old day kinematics
what are the two branches of izu-bonin ridge?
- west marianas ridge (ancient volcanic arc active between 20 to 9 ma
- east marianas ridge (volcanic arc of active marianas trench)
what are the two branches of izu-bonin ridge?
- west marianas ridge
- east marianas ridge
eastern limit of shikoku basin
volcanic arc of the active bonin trench colliding with the japanese margin-izu penisula central japan
west and east marianas ridge define limits of marianas trench
eastern limit of shikoku basin
volcanic arc of the active bonin trench colliding with the japanese margin-izu penisula central japan
west and east marianas ridge define limits of marianas trench
izu-bonin ridge?
relic arc of middle eocene to oligocene age
divides the WPB and PVSB
3=2500km
volcanic arc formed transformation of transform fault to subduction zone at around 43 Ma
subduction retreated at 30 ma and stopped of opening parece vela shikoku basin
palau kyushu ridge
poorly known portion of the southern extremity of the plate
ayu basin
opens around 6 ma at a NS spreading axis and still presently active
marianas basin mb
parece vela rift
spreading ridge
oceanic crust accelerates on a N S spreading axis
opening mrowzoski and hayes kobayashi and nakeda
1st stage: 30 ma-parece vela
2nd stage: 20 ma- shikoku
accretion stopped 17ma
parcele-vela-shikoku-basin pvsb
3 submarine plateus
1. benham rise
2. urdaneta plateau
3. anami-oki-dalto ridges- relict volcanic arc that travelles NE during the opening of the basin
Central Basin Fault (lineament)
-extinct MOR with WNW to ESE trend
occupies 50% of the ph sea plate
central basin fault (lineament)
2 stages opening
1. 60and 45 Ma at NE SW - 4.4 cm/yr half spreading rate
2. 45 and 35 Ma at NS orientation - 1.8 cm/yr half spreading rate
Basin’s origin (2 models)
1. trapped oceanic basin
suggests WSP as a trapped piece of the pacific plate during the 43 ma kinematic reorganization of the pacific plate
2. back arc basin model by karid
formed by back arc spreading behind the Oki Daito Ridge
West Philippine sea 60 - 35 ma paleomagnetic data
53to 42 deep sea drilling
eastern limit of shikoku basin
volcanic arc of the active bonin trench colliding with the japanese margin-izu penisula central japan
west and east marianas ridge define limits of marianas trench
izu-bonin ridge?
sulu-zamboanga arc- separates SSB from CSB
located southeast of the sulu basin and sulu zamboanga arc
models:
1 acc to GOP lee and mcCabe
a trapped basin mechanism for CSB could have split off as a baisn from prev larger molucca sea plate
2. silver and rangin
a. fragment of WPB
b. back arc basin or c. basin rifted from the SE continental margin
3. hall and nichols
a fragment of the west ph basin of the ph sea plate
csb and wpb formed part og the same ocean basin with similarities in basement age, chemistry and stratigraphy
celebes sea basin csb
~55 to 42 ma eocene-based on ENE-WSE magnetic anomalies
cagayan de sulu 14.7 ma
asperity not a spreading center but an ancient arc
sulu-zamboanga arc-separates SSB from CSB
two basins:
1. NW sub-basins
2. SE sub basins
situated to the southeast of Plawan, this small margin basin composed of two sub basins that are separated by an E-NE trending cagayan de sulu ridge
formed starting at around ~20 ma early miocene
models for:
1 formed through spreaidng along the cagayan de sulu ridge
discredited basins opposite of the cagayan de sulu ridge have different geochemical sig
NW sub basin- continental basement
SE sub basin- oceanic basement
- geochemical sig of the oceanic basement along with tha basins position and age correlation wiht the arc volcanism along the CSR, suggests a back arc spreading origin for the Sulu basin. aRC VOLCANISM ALONG THE csr CEASED AROUND 16ma following it scollision with the riftef margin of china
sulu sea basin ~20 ma early miocene
scarborough ridge- asperity an extinct spreading center perpendicualar to manila trench
south china sea basin 32 ma oligocene to 17 ma miocene
depth 4,0km
opening was preceded by rifting that could have taken place between the Late cretaceous and late eocene
2 stages of opening
1. 32 to 17 ma along e-w axis
2. 20-17 ma along ne-sw axis
model
- holloway and taylor and hayes put the spreading the prominent ridge being the scarborough ridge in teh basin on a roughly NE-SW direction starting aroung 32 ma (oligocene)
- briais showed a progressive change in the orientation of the spreading center: ENE-WSW fro 32-30 ma and E-W from 30-27 ma by 26-24 ma the ridge jumped to the south and a second basin started foriming to the southwest
briasis suggested that the SCS spreading ceased aroung 15.5 ma
rosser said the event occurred somewhat earlier - trench pull/roll bakc rangin et al
trench pull
gravity controlled trench pull involked explain the rifting and spreading the subduction along sunda trench may be responsible for the opening of the proto-SCS and the subduction of the proto-SCS douth of plawan may in turn explain the south china sea opening
pubellier trench rollback (back arc basin)
rolls back due to getting longer as it subducts and initiates spreading - tapponier
south china sea opened as a side effect of the extrusion of indochina
contention: timing of collison vs. openin gof SCS & difficult to reconcile with a N-S spreading of the SCS.
south china sea basin 32 ma oligocene to 17 ma miocene
what are the 3 sub basins for the south china sea
- NW sub basin -ENE-WSW spreading during 32-30 ma
- WE sub basin- E-W spreading during 30-27 ma
- SW sub basin - NE- SW spreading 26-24 ma
. A linear feature located northeast of Luzon Island.
. East Luzon Trough
This is a poorly known east-dipping subduction zone which seems to disappear southwards into the
Moluccas Sea
b. Cotabato Trench
The corresponding arcs (Sangihe and Halmahera) of this collision are presently separated by at least
100 km
. Moluccas Sea
The ______________ arc is formed by the Sulu Trench
. Sulu-Zamboanga
This subduction zone consumes the oceanic crust of the Sulu Sea Basin
. Negros Trench
A poorly understood feature but appears in most maps as a transform fault
Philippine Trench
. The _______________ is surrounded by subduction zones with opposing polarities
. Philippine Mobile Belt
This metamorphic group is characterized geographically by its restricted distribution in the western
central Philippines.
pre-Cretaceous metamorphic rocks of continental origin
. The _______________ arc is related to the Cotabato Trench
e. Cotabato
The subducted oceanic slab of this east-dipping subduction zone does not seem to exceed 100 km in
depth.
d. Negros Trench
The Manila Trench-Luzon Arc system passes into the
Mindoro-Panay
This metamorphic group is characterized petrographically by the abundance of silica
a. pre-Cretaceous metamorphic rocks of continental origin
The ______________ arc is well defined only from Bicol to Leyte but cannot be traced in Eastern
Mindanao
East-Philippine
. An east-dipping subduction zone that runs parallel to the western coasts of Panay and Negros Islands
Negros Trench
The southern closure of this structure is still poorly know
Philippine Trench
The boundary of between the _________________ and the eastern margin of the ______________ is
a complex system of subduction zones, collision zones and marginal sea basin openings.
. Philippine Sea Plate, Eurasian Plate
This represent a continent-arc collision
Taiwan
The rotation and spreading of this plate during Eocene to Miocene times is the reason for the present
position of the Philippine Mobile Belt.
Philippine Sea Plate
These lithologic units represent the pre-Tertiary basement of the Philippines.
I. Metamorphic rocks
II. Ophiolites and ophiolitic rocks
III. Magmatic rocks and active volcanic arcs
IV. Sedimentary basins
a. I & II
The presence of these that cannot be associated with any of the active subduction zones indicates the
evolution of the Philippine archipelago through continuous volcanic activity throughout the Cenozoic.
c. Magmatic rocks and active volcanic arcs
This collision was initiated within Miocene time, right after the cessation of the accretion of the South
China Sea oceanic crust.
. Mindoro-Panay
These metamorphic formations include the Caramay Schist, Halcon, Buruanga and Romblon
Metamorphic Complexes and Tungauan Schist
pre-Cretaceous metamorphic rocks of continental origin
The ______________ volcanic arc corresponds to the Manila Trench
. Luzon
. A west-dipping subduction zone, Lewis and Hayes (1983) proposed that this is a nascent subduction
zone propagating northwards
East Luzon Trough
The Philippine Mobile Belt (PMB) is an actively deforming zone created between the two plates of
________________
c. Philippine Sea Plate, Eurasian Plate
The start of this collision is associated with the kinematic reorganization of the Philippine Sea Plate at
around 4 Ma.
. Taiwan
This collision was initiated within Miocene time, right after the cessation of the accretion of the South
China Sea oceanic crust.
Mindoro-Panay
A late Miocene age was determined for the start of this collision.
. Moluccas Sea
The oldest known rocks of this type are found in Cebu Island and is dated Late Cretaceous
Magmatic rocks and active volcanic arcs
This is rifted from the Asian mainland during Late Cretaceous-Late Eocene time
Palawan Microcontinental Block
. A forearc basin is developed between the accretionary prism of this subduction zone and Luzon Islan
. Manila Trench
. The volcanic arc corresponding to this geologic structure can be traced from Bicol to Leyte but unclear
in Mindanao
. Philippine Trench
. The ________________ enters into collision with the central portion of the Philippine Mobile Belt
Palawan Microcontinental Block
The _____________ volcanic arc is linked to the Negros Trench.
Negros-Panay
. The termination of this east-dipping subduction zone passes into the collision zone of Mindoro-Panay
Manila Trench
The Philippines is generally interpreted as a collage of _____________________.
insular arcs
b. ophiolitic suites
c. continental rocks of Eurasian affinity
The subduction along this trench is young as shown by a poorly developed Benioff Zone
. Cotabato Trench
The western slab of this collision dives down to a depth of more than 600 km, one of the deepest in the
world.
. Moluccas Sea
The ______________ volcanic arc is associated with the Philippine Trench
East-Philippine
This is an east-dipping subduction zone opposite of the East Luzon trough
. Manila Trench
The Philippines is marked by this/these active collision zone/s
Taiwan
b. Mindoro-Panay
c. Moluccas Sea
These metamorphic formations are distributed sporadically within the whole archipelago.
Cretaceous metamorphic rocks of insular arc affinity
In pre-1980 literature, these rocks were previously referred to as ultramafic complexes or
undifferentiated Cretaceous-Paleogene basement.
. Ophiolites and ophiolitic rocks
This geologic structure is generally considered young and probably created not earlier than 5 Ma
. Philippine Trench
This is the group of land masses that apparently originated from sub-equatorial regions.
Philippine Mobile Belt
This collision passes into the Manila Trench-Luzon Arc system
Taiwan
This metamorphic group is essentially basic to ultrabasic in character
Cretaceous metamorphic rocks of insular arc affinity
An active volcanic chain is traceable for this subduction zone, with Canlaon Volcano as an example
Negros Trench
The _______________ is an actively deforming zone between two active subduction systems
. Philippine Mobile Belt
This usually occurs with pre-Tertiary metamorphic rocks and represent basement on which magmatic
arcs were developed.
Ophiolites and ophiolitic rocks
A conduct of marine geophysical survey with GLORIA (Geological Long-Range Inclined Asdic) and an
offshore fieldwork in Halmahera Island appear to confirm the southward propagation of this geologic
structure towards the Moluccas Collision Zone.
Philippine Trench
It represents an arc-continental collision.
. Mindoro-Panay
Dating of these rocks is essentially based on the ages of pelagic sediments covering them.
. Ophiolites and ophiolitic rocks
. This is the morphological expression of the westward subduction of the Philippine Seas Plate under the
eastern Philippine Arc.
Philippine Trench
This category of metamorphic formations is represented by those rocks that can be found in North
Palawan, Mindoro, Panay, and neighboring islands belonging to the Palawan-Mindoro Microcontinent.
pre-Cretaceous metamorphic rocks of continental origin
The thickness of the sedimentary fill of this east-dipping subduction zone varies between 250 and 2,600
m
Manila Trench
According to McCaffrey (1991), this active collision represents a present-day example of the
emplacement of ophiolites by slivers (obduction).
Moluccas Sea
The displacement rate of the Philippine Sea Plate is
8 cm/yr
This trench appears to be linked with the Negros Trench by a left-lateral strike slip feature cutting across
the Zamboanga Peninsula.
Cotabato Trench
The two corresponding active volcanic arcs of this collision consequently collided as well.
Moluccas Sea
A bathymetric link between this subduction zone and the Manila Trench is represented by a shallow
trough that passes northeast off Palawan Island
Negros Trench
. A double-vergent arc-arc collision.
Moluccas Sea
. There is a corresponding active volcanic arc on the western margin of Mindanao for this trench.
Cotabato Trench
least to most stable
olivine
cordierite (rings of tetrahedra)
pyroxene
amphibole
kaolinite
mica muscovite
feldspar
quartz
30% or 25% on some authors - 5% clasts
paraconglomerate/diamictite
energy is high and episodic clast supported with silt or sand matrix
sheetflood
high relief and typically coarse grained clast supported
alluvial
debris flow type of depostion may have matrix supported with rapid erosion
fanglomerate
little to no imbircations possibly faceted or striated
meltout/lodgement conglomerate/tillite
measures particle size distributions by measuring the angular variation in intensity of light scattered as a laser beam passes through a dispersed particulate sample. Large particles scatter light at small angles relative to the laser beam and small particles scatter light at large angles.
laser diffraction
sediments are slowly poured into an electrolyte solution where sediments will pass through where changes in the electrical field will produce pulses translating into the grain size
electro resistant size analyser
<0.35
>4.00
very well sorted
extremely poor sorted
also called imbricated
sutured
disregarding the authigenic constituents refers to the utliziation of space among sediments as well as the manner of arrangement or spacing of the solid particle
grain packing
tends to be less with plag than k felds
quartz
some amounts of glauconite
greensands
containing a good of phosphatic skeletal fragmentsqq
phosphatic sandstone
2mm-10mm diameter
encrusted micritw include sand silt particles grains of cyanobacteria
oncoids
> 10mm non marine
cave pearls
pisoids
sediments from disturbed seafloor may enter carbonare rocs
intraclasts
weathering of older carbonate rocks
extraclasts
lime mud mixed with silicate sand silt particles
marl
0.02-0.1mm in size
sparry calcite
removes aragonite to transform into calcite
meteoric
50% grrains
packestone
cretaceous-paleogene
cebu bohol sierra madre quezon camarines norte samar zamboanga mindanao
oligocene miocene
magmatic belts cordillera southern sierra madre marindiqur negros panay boh cebu masbate zamboanga s coatabato crntral and eastern mindanao
NE trending macolod coridor
taal makiling malenpuyo banahaw laguna de bai
NNW trending central mindanao volcanic zone
ragang makaturing malindang katanglad musuan hobok hibok mt.parker lanao volcanoes
sed basins
illocos central balley
cagayan valley
southern luzon bicol
mindoro
iloilo
visayan sea
samar
agusan davao
cotabato
ph fault northern segment
transpressional regime movement is both strike slip& thrust faulting north of dinaglan it branches into several BS strike slip faults
ph fault central segment
bondoc peninsula to leyte left lateral simple structure
southern segment
reactivated old notmal fauls related to formation of afusan davao basin
ph fault age and slip rate
5 Ma
2-3 cm/yr
in a shear partitioning ebvi whereby it accomodates a compientn of the oblique converge between the PSP and ph archipelag
south china sea
early oligocene extension drive by the proto SCS slab pull subsequeny extension due to the collision of india and eurasia
continental crust nasement non age
nw sulu sea
early miocene
back src basin of the cagayan de suli ridge
se sulu sea
eocene
related with the WPB
celebes sea
jurassic
trapoed india ocean lithosphere
molycca sea
rocene
either trapped mahor ocean
lithospeherw or related with back arc basin formation
west ph basin
early cret
trapped fragments of wither the peto soutj chcina dea or the new guinea basin
hustung basin
eocene
either trapped major ocean lithospehre or related with back arc basin formation
west ph basin
early miocene
manila trench
palawan trough
ealy oligocene
negros trench
late miocene-pliocene
guinlo late jurassic early cret contains olistoliths bacuit minilog liminangcong
north palawan block
tunguan schist -unduated amphibolites 24.7+/1.3ma
xanboanga peninsula
early cret volcnaic arcs
eastern ph
made the VEI
chris newhall and steve self
what lineament is corresponding to the central basin fault
WNW-WSE lineament
age of west ph basin acc to paleomagnetic data
and deep see drilling
60 and 35 Ma
53 and 42 Ma
composed of a series of en echelon ridges orientation mkws n angle around 15 defrees almost E-W to its general direction Wnw-ese
central basin fault
due to a extinct mid oriented ridge that cut transversely by a series of parallel oriented N-S 2 stages with a age and direction of spreading NE-SW rate is 4.4cm/yr
60-45 Ma
opening oriented N-S RATE 1.8
46-35 Ma
2 basin origin
trapped oceanic basin
back arc basin
back arc basin this would correspond to a relict volcanic arc rhat travelled to the NE during the oprning of the basin
oki daito ridge
divides west ph basin fro
parece va-shikoku basin
palau kyushu ridge
a relict volcani arc of middle eocene to oligocene age
palay kyushu ridge
considered as an ancient volcanic arc active between 20 and 9 Ma relict of volcanic arc left inactive after opening the marianas basin
west marianas ridge
present day kinematics
NW displacementdirection
present day kinematic based on
slip vectors
ph kinematics
plate motion parameters including pole and rate of rotation and the instantaneous velocity
kinematic larameters of ph sea plate
rotation pole located NE of Japan
displacement rate rhat varies north to south along the western edge of ph plate 3.0 cm/yr lalitude of nankai trough to 9.0 cm/yr sourhern end of ph trench
displacement direction whose azimuth directed N55W near Taiwan with liners belocity of around 7.0cm/yr
ph sea ate relative movemnt changed from NNW to
WNW since 5Ma
taiwan kinematic dated 4-6 Ma manifested by a
4” degrees counterclockwise rotation of the stress field
in japan manifested by a that occurred around 2-3 Ma
30 degree counterclockwise rotatio occurred around
paleomagnetic in benhan rise dated in eocene located between
15-16 degrees north latitude located in sub equatorial latitudes
axis oriented NE-SW
south china sea basin
twi openings in south chine sea basin
first stage
2nd
32&17 Manalong an E-W axis
20&17 Ma along NE-SW axis
represent an artifcat produces by a densw network of teansform faults
sub E-W anomalies
south china sea basin general opening
nw-se
consequence if the opening of xhina sea
separation of microcontinetal block from nainland china
correspond to a volcanic arc that active early miocene southern flank charac by presence of SE-dipping normal faults define contact with the SE subbasin volcanic material dated 14.7 Ma
cagayan ridge
oceanic basement covered wit ha think 1-2kn sedimentary fill basalts of the upper part present intermwdiate charac between morb and arc tholeiites
SE subbasin
oldest known sediments have been datwd
late miocene to early middle miocene
volcanic ash appeared on
6 Ma
pleistocene holocene with one volcano no well define zone along sulu trench volcanic arc considered to be in solfataric stage
sulu zamboanga arc
refwrs to oceanic basin formed on the edge of continental crust
marginal basin
90%
of all auriferous deposits in the Philippines are associated with
Late
Neogene hypabyssal intrusions and volcanism.
similar to those of the Visayan Sea Basi e Middle
Miocene interval is represented by a widespread deformed limestone
formation which presently covers almost 25% of Samar Island N-S
vSamar Basin
thickest sedimentary fill, sometimes attaining a thickness of
more than 12,000 m formed over a mixed
basement composed of ophiolitic and metamorphic rocks N-S trending axis and is traversed
longitudinally by the Philippine Fault.
Agusan-Davao Basin
located between the active volcanic arcs of Cotabato and
central Mindanao. 8,000 m
Cotabato Basin
emphasizing the linear
depression that the fault exhibits in Leyte and the significance of
extensional zones along the structure
“Visayan Rift
trace of the fault is essentially based from
morphologic expression of Quaternary displacements Morphologic expressions of the fault include
fault scarps, elongated depressions sag ponds and
compressive ridges. 1,200 km from Luzon to Mindanao Left-lateral movement along the fault is also indicated by large
structures it offsets such as mountain ranges (Pinet and Stephan, 1990),
sedimentary basins
e Philippine Fault
Pleistocene-Holocene activity along the Philippine Fault is attested by
displacement of drainage systems elongated
depressions at the foot of fault scarps
great earthquake of Luzon on
July 16, 1990. This Ms 7.8 earthquake was caused by movement of a
northern segment of the fault in the vicinity of
f Cabanatuan.
March 17, 1973, southern Luzon was
also struck with a magnitude 7.3 earthquake with epicenter located at left-lateral displacements of 2 to 3
m
Ragay Gulf
Measurements by Mobil Corporation (Philippines) on the Miocene
sedimentary facies in Mindanao show l 5 to 8 km of left-lateral displacement
w left-lateral displacements of around
28 km along the southern trace of the fault
slip rate of PH fault
2 to 3 cm/yr slip rate on the Philippine Fault from Luzon
to Mindanao.
aseismic
behavior may be due to of the PH FAULT
high hydrothermal flow in the crust at this segment.
Between Dingalan Bay and
Lingayen Gulf, this fault segment strikes
N60°W to N45°W. It reorients to a
N-S strike southwards in the Southern Sierra Madre Range
mecahnism of the PH fault
functions in a
shear partitioning environment
slowest
movements can be detected in Zamboanga at less
2 ± .15 cm/yr
westwards
Virac Island moves the fastest at over
7 ± .17 cm/yr
northwestwards.
largest extensional strain rate is detected on a NW-SE direction in
NW
Panay
Slower but
comparable rates are detected between
Surigao, Davao and Zamboanga
A strong westerly relative plate motion component is observed on the
southernmost station in
Davao.
a prominent NW-SE trending structure also believed to be a leftlateral strike-slip fault
Cotabato
Fault,
what are the roblom island group
romblon
sibuyan
tablaas
age of palawan ophiolite
cretaceous
age of amnay ophiolite
late oligocene
age of minilig liemstone
permian
age of guinlo formation in palawan
creatceous
example of igneous intrusion
kapoas granite
when did the Palawan-Mindoro microcontinent rifted from mainland Asia
Miocene time
what did the Palawan-Mindoro microcontinent rifted from mainland Asia gave rise to?
emplacement/juxtaposition of pre-Neogene ophiolites over Miocene
formations.
arc basement rocks often exist as
volcaniclastic sequences, sometimes with their plutonic and volcanic
equivalents, as can be
e Luzon Cordillera
and Sierra Madre Range in Luzon, the Antique Range and Negros Arc
(ancient) in the Visayas, and in the East Pacific Cordillera and Daguma
Range in Mindanao
sedimentary basins over
pre-Neogene
Suyo Schist, exposed largely in Suyo, Burgos, Ilocos Norte,
consists of
amphibolite, quartz-biotite schist, actinolite-tremolite-talc schist
and quartzite, which are mostly in fault contact with serpentinized
peridotite
light to dark green, fine- to medium-grained
and is characterized by planar orientation of green amphibole, chlorite,
feldspar and quartz. The rock exhibits usually nematoblastic texture with
large bluish green amphibole and prismatic, light-colored epidote
amphibolite schist
consisting dominantly of quartz with lesser
amounts of biotite, epidote, garnet, hematite and piedmontite, occurs
intimately with the amphibolite schist
quartz-biotite schist,
a product of dynamothermal
metamorphism, is structurally confined along the contact of the intensely
sheared serpentinized peridotite
actinolite-tremolite-talc schist
Baruyen Formation
Ilocos Peridotite
age of Pasaleng Quartz Diorite
late Early Miocene to early Middle
Miocene
. A late Early Miocene to early Middle
Miocene age was assigned to this intrusive unit based on its correlation
with the
Itogon Quartz Diorite Complex in the Central Cordillera.
Thinly bedded sandstone and shale;
conglomerate
Batac Formation
named by Pinet
Age Batac Formation
late Middle Miocene to Late Miocene
also defined a Liliputen Formation for the sedimentary sequence
exposed along the road
Pinili and Nueva Era
what is the equivalent of Batac Formation
Klondyke Formation of Central Cordillera
Limestone with minor calcareous
conglomerate, calcirudite, calcarenite
Late Miocene
200 m
Pasuquin Limestone
Pasuquin Limestone prev name
Pasuquin Arenaceous Limestone
Pasuquin Limestone equivalent
Mirador
Limestone in Central Cordillera and Labayug Limestone in La Union
Sandstone with interbeds of siltstone and
claystone and occasional reefal limestone
and limestone breccia
late Early Pliocene to Pleistocene
Laoag Formation
prev name of Laoag Formation
Laoag Marl Beds
sedimentary rocks exposed along the
highway between Bacarra and Laoag
Late Pleistocene
30m
At Cape Bojeador, these reefs lie
over the Bojeador Formation and the Pasuquin Limestone. These reefs are
consolidated coral fragments and other calcareous debris
Uplifted Coral Reefs
Lower Bigbiga Limestone – micritic
limestone with tuffaceous turbidite and
minor chert
Upper Burgos Member - Limestone,
tuffaceous sandstone, siltstone and
mudstone
Aksitero Formation
age of Aksitero Formation
Late Eocene - Late Oligocene
thickness of Aksitero Formation
Bigbiga limestone - 42 m
Burgos Member - 78 m
consisting of micritic limestone interbedded with tuffaceous
turbidites
Bigbiga limestone
member
interlayered limestone and
indurated calcareous and tuffaceous sandstone, siltstone and mudstone
Burgos member
Interbedded sandstone, shale,
conglomerate with minor limestone;
identified members are Sansotero
Limestone and Malo Pungatan Limestone
Moriones Formation
Moriones Formation age and thickness
Early Miocene - early Late Miocene
1500m
regularly shaped exposures and
disconnected patches in , Bigbiga in Mayantoc, Tarlac. This was
considered a separate younger formation in BMG (1981) but it is included
here as a member of the Moriones Formation. The limestone is massive,
dirty white to greenish gray, porous with volcanic and sedimentary clasts.
8 m thick.
Sansotero Limestone
her limestone member of
the Moriones Formation is called Malo area indicated as the type locality, near Caananorgan,
the unit consists of calcarenites and porous coralline limestone. Other
exposures may be found at Pingul area and further north, to the west of
Camiling. The thickness of Malo Pungatan ranges from 3 to 4 m.
Pungatan Limestone
Lower Pau Sandstone – sandstone with
minor tuffaceous shale, conglomerate and
lapilli tuff
Upper Aparri Gorge Sandstonesandstone with shale stringers
and conglomerate lenses
Malinta Formation
age and thickness Malinta Formation
Late Miocene
574m
member consists of sandy
shale grading southward to coarse quartz sandstone to tuffaceous pebbly
sandstone overlain by a thick sandstone section with minor amounts of
coarse sandy tuffaceous shale and conglomerate
Pau Sandstone
member is a well-cemented quartz sandstone with occasional shale
stringers and conglomerate lenses.
Aparri Gorge
Interbedded sandstone, shale,
conglomerate
Tarlac Formation
age and thickness of Late Miocene - Early Pliocene
Late Miocene - Early Pliocene
1200m
Turbiditic sandstone and shale with minor
conglomerate
Amlang Formation
age and thickness of Amlang Formation
Late Miocene – Early Pliocene
1620m
prev name of Amlang Formation
Amlang Member of Rosario Formation
was previously subdivided into a lower Amlang
Member and an upper Aringay Member.
Rosario Formation
he sandstone beds in the Amlang Formation are more
predominant, which Lorentz (1984) designates as the
Cupang Sandstone
Mainly tuffaceous sandstone, with
interbeds of siltstone, shale and
conglomerate and minor limestone lenses.
Cataguintingan Formation
age and thickness of Cataguintingan Formation
Late Pliocene
Thickness 1,100 m at the type locality, and 900 m in
the south up to 2,600 m in the north
prev name of Cataguintingan Formation
Linao Sandstone member
sandstone, calcarenite, siltstone,
limestone and marl
Damortis Formation
age and thickness of Damortis Formation
Pleistocene
Thickness 50-200 m
To
the north, resting on the Amlang Formation at Bacnotan is the 20-m thick
Bacnotan Limestone
Tuffaceous sandstone and lapilli tuff with
basal conglomerate
Bamban Formation
age of Bamban Formation
pleistocene
Spilitic and basic to intermediate volcanic
flows and breccias with intercalated
metasedimentary rocks
Barenas-Baito Formation
age of Barenas-Baito Formation
Late Cretaceous
Angat
Ophiolite, and is therefore below the Maybangain Formation and equivalent
to the
Kinabuan Formation.
used by
Revilla and Malaca (1987), this unit includes the pillow basalt of the socalled
Angat Ophiolite
volcaniclastic member of the
Maybangain
Formation
southern Sierra Madre and the Coronel and
Dingalan
formations
Andesite flows, pyroclastic rocks, siltstone,
sandstones, conglomerates with limestone
lenses
Bayabas Formation
prev name of Bayabas Formation
Bayabas Metavolcanics
age of Bayabas Formation
Late Eocene - Early Oligocene
The lower part
contains Late Eocene to Early Oligocene small foraminiferal species called
Cassigerinella eocena Corday
The Bayabas
Formation is therefore considered Late Eocene to Early Oligocene in age
and not Late Eocene to Early Miocene. It is partly equivalent to the
Maybangain Formation
Lower calcareous shale and sandstone
member;
Upper limestone member
Angat Formation
prev name of Angat Formation
Angat Limestone
age and thickness of Angat Formation
Early Miocene
Thickness 1,950 m
lower Clastic Member – sandstone; silty
shale; middle Alagao Volcanics –
andesite flow, pyroclastic breccia,
tuffs, graywacke, argillite;
upper Buenacop Limestone
Madlum aFormation
agw and thickness of Madlum Formation
Middle Miocene
Thickness: > 1,000 m
They also included in this formation the upper metavolcanic member of the
Sibul Formation
upper tuffaceous member of the
Quezon Formation
extensively distributed in an almost
continuously exposed belt between Angat and Peñaranda rivers. It is a
thick sequence of thin to thick bedded sandstone and silty shale with minor
basal conglomerate and occasional limy sandstone interbeds
Clastic Member
designate the sequence of pyroclastic breccia, tuffs, argillites, indurated
graywacke and andesite flows exposed in Alagao, San Ildefonso, Bulacan.
Its type locality, as designated by Gonzales and others (1971), is the
section along the San Ildefonso-Akle road. The metavolcanic member of
the Sibul Formation of Corby and others (1951) and the andesite-basalt
sequence in the Rodriguez-Teresa area. Rizal are included in this member.
Generally, the rock unit is purplish gray in fresh surfaces but weathers into
brick-red to purple shades.
Alagao Volcanic
designate the limestone sequence exposed at Barangay
Buenacop, San Ildefonso, Bulacan with type section along Ganlang River. It
also occurs as narrow discontinuous strips formed by a series of almost
north-south aligned low ridges and several small patches between Sta.
Maria and Sumacbao rivers. The limestone in the lower part is thin to
medium bedded, crystalline, slightly tuffaceous, porous with numerous
fragments of volcanic rocks, chert nodules, and detrital crystals of mafic
minerals
Buenacop Limestone
Tuffaceous shale, sandstone,
conglomerate
Lambak Formation
age and thickness of Lambak Formation
Late Miocene
Thickness > 1,000 m
Tuffaceous sandstone, mudstone
Stratigraphic relations Unconformable over the Madlum
Formation
Makapilapil Formation
age and thickness of Makapilapil Formation
Late Miocene
Thickness 500 – 800 m
Mudstone, sandstone
Tartaro Formation
age of Tartaro Formation
Late Miocene to Early Pliocene
Alat Conglomerate member –
conglomerate, sandstone, mudstone,
Diliman Tuff member – tuff, pyroclastic
breccia, tuffaceous sandstone
Guadalupe Formation
age and thickness of Guadalupe Formation
Pleistocene
Thickness 1,500 – 2,200 m
crops out along Sapang Alat, about 3 km
north of the Novaliches Reservoir and forms an extensive outcrop belt
underlying the hills and lowlands in eastern Bulacan and southeastern
Nueva Ecija. The Alat is a sequence of conglomerates, sandstones and
mudstones. The conglomerate, which is the most predominant rock type, is
massive, poorly sorted with well-rounded pebbles and small boulders of
underlying rocks cemented by coarse-grained, calcareous and sandy
matrix.
Alat Conglomerate
between
Santa Maria and Balu rivers in Bulacan. It also covers large portions of
Pasig City, Makati City, southern Rizal province and adjoining areas. The
whole sequence is flat-lying, medium to thin bedded and consists of finegrained vitric tuffs and welded pyroclastic breccias with minor fine- to
medium-grained tuffaceous sandstone. Dark mafic minerals and bits of
pumiceous and scoriaceous materials are dispersed in the glassy tuff
matrix.
Diliman Tuff
Basalt, volcanic breccia, fragmental flow,
pyroclastic rocks, sandstone, mudstone,
minor chert
Pugo Formation
age and thickness Pugo Formation
Cretaceous – Eocene
Thickness over 1,000 m and may reach 1,600 m
prev name of Pugo Formation
Pugo Series
rocks exhibit considerable effects of low-grade
metamorphism (greenschist facies) and even mapped separately as
Dalupirip Schist
The equivalent of the Pugo Formation in the Cervantes-Bontoc area is
Lepanto Metavolcanics,
Lower member - Volcanic flows, breccia,
and tuff,
Upper member - Volcanic conglomerate,
sandstone, tuff
Malitep Formation
age and thickness of Late Eocene
Thickness Lower member – 750 m; Upper member –
Late Eocene
Thickness Lower member – 750 m; Upper member –
1,700 m
exposed along Layacan River west of Besao
is composed chiefly of basalt, basaltic andesite and pyroclastic rocks
intercalated with 2-m thick limestone. Formation II is made up of andesite
lava and andesitic pyroclastic rocks with intercalated limestone lenses,
reaching up to 50 m thick along Malibcong River in Abra
e Licuan I formation
considered equivalent to the Malitep Formation, also contains limestone
lenses up to 50 m thick in the Abra area
Licuan II formation,
Lower member – limestone, biomicrite,
biosparite
Upper member – red and green
mudstones with minor conglomerate;
Sagada Formation
prev name of Sagada Formation
Sagada Limestone
age and thickness ofSagada Formation
Late Eocene – Early Oligocene
Thickness >200 m and may reach 400 m.
A large part of the Sagada Formation apparently corresponds to the
Ti
Tineg Formation
also be equivalent to the upper member of the Sagada Formation
Apaoan Volcaniclastics
lower limestone member of the Sagada Formation is correlated
with the
Columbus Formation
Hornblende quartz diorite, tonalite,
granodiorite, quartz monzodiorite,
pyroxene-bearing diorite, hornblende
diorite, monzodiorite, minor gabbro
Central Cordillera Diorite Complex
age Central Cordillera Diorite Complex
Late Oligocene
prev name of Central Cordillera Diorite Complex
Agno Batholith
Conglomerate, sandstone, shale, with
minor limestone and interbeds of volcanic
flows and tuff
Zigzag Formation
age and thickness of Late Oligocene – Early Miocene
Thickness 1,700 m and may even reach 3,000 m
Late Oligocene – Early Miocene
Thickness 1,700 m and may even reach 3,000 m
prev name of Zigzag Formation
Zigzag Series
exposed along the Baguio-Cagayan Basin
Road, is correlated with the Zigzag Formation. It lies above the Columbus
Formation. It outcrops between Bokod Fault to the west and Pingkian to
the east formation consists of red
and green beds of tuffs, volcanic sandstones and andesitic conglomerates
whose total thickness could exceed 1,000 m.
Bokod Formation
s best exposed along Sabangan River near Bauko. It was named by
geologists of Lepanto Consolidated Mining Company for the thick
sequence of sandstones, volcanic conglomerates, basalt flows, andesitic
pyroclastics and breccia forming the Balili Cliffs on the western flank of Mt.
Data.
Balili Formation
Massive biohermal limestone with
associated calcarenite and calcirudite and
minor mudstone
Kennon Limestone
age and thickness
late Early Miocene – early Middle Miocene
Thickness 240 m at the type locality
Towards the top, the limestone grades into a bioherm-mudstone
complex with a thickness of 52 m, which was separately named by Durkee
and Pederson (1961) as member of
the Kennon Limestone.
Twin Peaks Formation
the Cervantes-Bontoc area is considered
equivalent to the Kennon Limestone. This limestone is about 100 m thick
and was dated Early to Middle Miocene, probably Middle Miocene
Butac Limestone
Hornblende quartz diorite, tonalite, minor
gabbro
Itogon Quartz Diorite
age of Itogon Quartz Diorite
Middle Miocene
Lower member - Polymictic conglomerates
Upper member – Sandstone, mudstone,
shale with minor conglomerate, limestone,
calcarenite and calcirudite
Klondyke Formation
age andn thickness Klondyke Formation
late Middle Miocene to early Late Miocene
Thickness 2,820 m at the type locality; up to 3,500 for
the Marcos Highway section
prev name of Klondyke Series
Klondyke Series
These conglomerates with
interbeds of alternating gray to black siltstones and sandstones were
earlier defined as verlying the volcaniclastics of
the Balili Formation
Suyoc Conglomerate
Porous to massive coralline limestone
Mirador Limestone
age and thickness
Late Miocene
Thickness > 120 m
probably equivalent to the Mirador Limestone. This
massive, cream to pink limestone body is 150 m thick and reported to be
confined within the pyroclastic beds of Klondyke Formation, about 200 m
above its base
e Copias Limestone
ype locality is
at the Northern Cement quarry in barrio Labayug, Sison, Pangasinan. The
nature of the contact with the underlying Klondyke Formation is not clear,
since it is hidden, while its contact with the overlying Amlang Formation at
Sapid Creek is gradational.
Labayug
Limestone
Tuff, andesite, basalt, volcanic breccia,
conglomerate
Baguio Formatio
age and thickness of Baguio Formation
Late Miocene – Early Pliocene
Thickness > 100 m
The poorly indurated conglomerate is equivalent
to the
Irisan Formation
Quartz diorite porphyry
Black Mountain Quartz Diorite
age of Black Mountain Quartz Diorite
Late Miocene - Pliocene
Andesites, lamprophyres, appinites
Balacbac Andesite
age of Balacbac Andesite
Late Miocene - Pliocene
prev name of Balacbac Andesite
Emerald Creek Complex
Dacite, breccias, pyroclastic rocks
Mankayan Dacitic Complex
age Mankayan Dacitic Complex
Late Pliocene – Pleistocene
prev name Mankayan Dacitic Complex
Imbaguila / Bato Dacite Porphyry
dacitic rocks in mankayan were named as
s Imbaguila Dacite Porphyry, and Bato Dacite Porphyry
Sandstone, conglomerate, with minor
dacitic tuff, ignimbrite
Malaya Formation
age and thickness Malaya Formation
Pleistocene
Thickness 1,200 m
Dacite, andesite, pyroclastic rocks, lahar
Pleistocene – Recent Volcanic Centers
age of Pleistocene – Recent Volcanic Centers
Late Pleistocene - Recent
thin veneer of ash fall in Lapangan, near the mine area of Lepanto
Consolidated Mining Co
younger value was given for the
Lapangan
Tuff,
oldest rocks are Late Miocene (9 - 7 Ma) andesitic flows that are
exposed at the central isthmus of the island
Batan Island
e highly porphyritic and range from basalts to
hornblende-orthopyroxene acid andesites.
Mt. Matarem
ndicates calcalkaline basalts and basaltic andesites ranging in age from 3.8 to 2.9 Ma,
and possibly equivalent to the Mt. Matarem products on Batan.
Sabtang Island
five volcanic centers of the island, namely Cayonan, Naydi,
Dionisio, Mt. Pangasun, and Mt. Babuyan, consist mainly of a succession
of calc-alkaline andesitic and basaltic andesitic lava flows
Babuyan de Claro Island
he northern part of the island is made up of a Mio-Pliocene (3-7 Ma)
calc-alkaline andesite shield volcano with effusive vents. Volcanic centers,
namely,
Camiguin Island
located approximately 30 km west of the main volcanic axis
of the Luzon arc (Batan – Babuyan – Camiguin - Mt. Cagua). It is
significantly older than the other islands (approximately 7 - 4 Ma) except for
Batan’s oldest units
Calayan Island
This active volcano is considered part of the Babuyan segment, though
located in the northernmost part of Luzon, because it falls within the N-S
trend of the Northern Luzon extinct volcanic centers.
Mt. Cagua Volcano
Basalt, andesite, pyroclastic rocks,
sandstone, shale
Abuan Formation
age of Abuan Formation
eocene
prev name of Abuan Formation
Abuan River Formation
The Abuan is probably partly equivalent to the
Caraballo Group
The Abuan Formation may be correlated with the
Mt. Cresta
Formation,
considered as
the basement of the Cagayan Valley sedimentary sequence in BMG
(1981), may be regarded as partly equivalent to the Abuan Formation
Dumatata Formation
Volcanic flows, breccias, pyroclastic rocks,
sandstone, conglomerate, siltstone,
mudstone
Dibuluan Formation
age of Dibuluan Formation
early oligocene
prev name Dibuluan Formation
Dibuluan River Formation
This formation is partly equivalent to the
Dumatata Formation
The Dibuluan could also be correlated with the
Oligocene
could be correlated with the
Masipi Green Tuff
Mamparang
Formation
The Dibuluan Formation may also be considered as
partly equivalent to the
Lower Zigzag Formation
Limestone, calcarenite, calcirudite
Ibulao Limestone
age of Ibulao Limestone
Late Oligocene
Limestone, calcarenite, calcirudite
Sicalao Limestone
age and thickness of Sicalao Limestone
Late Oligocene (?)
Thickness 546 m
Sandstone, mudstone, shale, claystone,
conglomerate
Lubuagan Formation
age and thickness Lubuagan Formation
Late Oligocene - Early Miocene
Thickness 2,700 m
prev name of lubuagan formation
Lubuagan Coal Measures
named after Balbalan, a barrio
along Mabaca River between Saltan and Pasil rivers in Kalinga- Apayao. It
is composed dominantly of fine- to coarse-grained sandstone and
conglomerate
Balbalan Sandstone Member
It consists mainly of interbedded
shale and graywacke. The member has a thickness of about 1500 m
lower Asiga Member
haracterized by the predominance of
dark gray silty claystone with occasional thin graywacke beds
upper Buluan Member
spanning the age range of Late Oligocene to Early Miocene may be
considered equivalent to the Lubuagan Formation
e Upper Zigzag Formation
Limestone, conglomerate, sandstone,
shale
Callao Formation
age and thickness of Callao Formation
Middle Miocene
Thickness 540 - 1,000 m
The Callao Formation is equivalent to the outcrops at the southern end of the Cagayan
Valley Basin
Aglipay Formation
Calcareous shale and sandstone;
limestone; siltstone; conglomerate
Cabagan Formation
age and thickness of Cabagan Formation
Late Miocene – Early Pliocene
Thickness 750-1,000 m
Sandstone, conglomerate, shale
Ilagan Formation
age and thickenss of Ilagan Formation
Late Pliocene – Early Pleistocene
Thickness 2,200 m
prev name of Ilagan Formation
Ilagan Sandstone
Dacitic tuff, tuffaceous sandstone
Awiden Mesa Formation
age of Awiden Mesa Formation
Late Pleistocene
Thickness 300 m
The formation is probably equivalent to the awiden
Tabuk Formation
Amphibolite, peridotite, pyroxenite, dunite,
gabbro, serpentinite
Dinagat Ophiolite
age and prev name of Dinagat Ophiolite
Cretaceous (?)
Previous name Ultramafic rocks
2 part s of dinagat ophiolite
Humandum Serpentinite
Pangulanganan Basalt
Patnanongan Formation
reports a
nannoplankton age dating of early Middle Miocene for the lower part of this
formation. An age range of early Middle Miocene to Late Miocene is
adopted here
billedo
Langoyen Limestone age and thickness
late Early Miocene – early Middle Miocene
Thickness 56 m (maximum)
who anmed langyoen limestone
billedo
underlying low gentle hills and scattered as small
patches along the eastern coast, north and south of Bordeos appears to be discontinuous, lenticular, and partly coralline, with
a maximum thickness of 56 m crops out along Bordeos River, Sumuot
Creek and at Sabang within the municipality of Bordeos. The limestone
unconformably overlies a thin sequence of dark gray to green sandstone
belonging to the upper portions of the Bordeos Formation. An age range of late Early
Miocene to early Middle Miocene is adopted
Langoyen Limestone
Microfossils in arkosic limestone sampled by Billedo (1994) also indicate a
Late Oligocene to Early Miocene age for the formation
Bordeos Formation
Billedo (1994) considers the limestone bodies as the upper member of
the Anawan Formation and designated it as the
Babacolan Limestone
Member
equivalent to the Lubi Formation of
Magpantay
Anawan Formation
was given
preference by Billedo (1994) and adopted here because the section at
Anawan is considered more complete.
Anawan Formation
Pyroxenite, gabbro, amphibolite, pillow
basalt
Buhang Ophiolitic Complex
age of Buhang Ophiolitic Complex
Cretaceous
prev name of Buhang Ophiolitic Complex
Buhang Point Meta-ophiolite
named by Billedo (1994) Buhang
Point Meta-ophiolite for the exposures of serpentinized pyroxenite, gabbros
and minor amphibolite at Buhang Point, Polillo Island
volcanic carapace of the ophiolites is represented by outcrops of
pillow basalts in Polillo Island, Jomalig Island and Canaway Island (at the
eastern extremity of Jomalig Island). In Polillo Island, an outcrop along the
beach shows pillow basalt together with its reddish pelagic interstices
s show an island arc affinity
Buhang Ophiolite
The Buhang Ophiolite is probably equivalent to the meta-ophiolites
designated as
Katablingan Metamorphics
The
Buhang is also correlated to the found in
northeastern Luzon and is thought to represent the metamorphosed
equivalent of the Isabela Ophiolite
Dibut Bay Meta-ophiolite
Calcareous sandstones and mudstone
Palanan Formation
age of Palanan Formation
late Middle Miocene – early Late Miocene
was
thought to underlie the Kanaipang Limestone
this formation actually rests unconformably over
the older Kanaipang Limestone.
made up of thickly
bedded sequence of calcareous sandstone and indurated mudstone.
Palanan Formation
age and thickness of Aglipay Limestone
Middle Miocene
Thickness 200 m at the type locality
prev name of Aglipay Limestone
Aglipay Formation
light pink limestone exposed near
Aglipay, Quirino in the lower reaches of Addalam River Billedo (1994)
reports an average thickness of around 200 m at the type locality. It
probably corresponds to the Middle Miocene Macde Limestone of
Hashimoto and others (1978) exposed near Macde, some 20 km
southwest of Bayombong, Nueva Vizcaya
Aglipay Limestone
Coralline limestone with associated
calcilutite and calcarenite
Kanaipang Limestone
age of Kanaipang Limestone
Early Miocene
mall, nearly flat-lying, isolated patches of limestone near the
shoreline between Dinapique and Palanan
rest unconformably over peridotites of the Isabela Ophiolite
basal conglomerate of the formation also contains numerous
subrounded to rounded clasts of peridotite, gabbro and reddish to greenish
volcanic rocks in a calcareous matrix Southwest of Palanan, the basal part
of the formation resting on the peridotites consists of interbeds of
calcilutite, calcarenite and massive coralline limestone
Kanaipang Limestone
defined by Billedo (1994) with type locality
along Disubini River at the southern portion of San Ildefonso Peninsula is
apparently equivalent to the Sta. Fe Formation.
outcrops in the
interior and along the eastern shoreline between Palanan and Dinapique,
Isabela composed of a lower limestone member
and an upper turbidite member. The limestone member, which is about 20-
25 m thick, unconformably overlies the ultramafic rocks of the Isabela
Ophiolite. The upper turbidite member consists of shale-sandstone
interbeds with minor thin layers of limestone. The upper member is often in
fault contact with the lower limestone member although the turbidite
sequence was observed to rest conformably over the limestone in Sto.
Niño.
Disubini Formation
Three local
exposures of the limestone member have been observed to lie
unconformably over the plutonic rocks of the Dupax Diorite Complex and
he basaltic clastic rocks of the
Caraballo Formation
lower member - limestone
upper member - clastic rocks
Sta. Fe Formation synonym is disubini
age and thickness of Sta. Fe Formation
Late Oligocene – Early Miocene
Thickness 800 m
The agglomerates found in
Aburao Creek are reddish on weathered surfaces and contain well-bedded
angular green and red siltstone and mudstone probably reworked from the
underlying
Caraballo Formation
has observed an outcrop of volcanic conglomerate identified
with Mamparang Formation to lie unconformably on the pelagic
volcaniclastic rocks of the Caraballo Formation at the mouth of the
Dikapanikian River, north of Dingalan, Nueva Ecija
Basalt and andesite flows, tuff breccia, tuff
and minor dacitic rocks, mudstone and
limestone
Mamparang Formation
age and thickenss of Mamparang Formation
late Early Oligocene
Thickness 4,000 m
Quartz diorites, including tonalite and
granodiorite, having similar ages as the diorites at Dupax, which are
exposed in the axial part of northern Sierra Madre, were designated by
Billedo (1994) as the
Northern Sierra Madre Batholith
the diorites
of Caraballo (otherwise known as
Dupax Batholith
Pillow basalt, pelagic limestone
consists mainly of pillow basalts
interstratified with steeply dipping pelagic limestones, which Billedo (1994)
considers as distinct from the Bicobian Basalt and Dikinamaran Chert
formation is distributed along the coast of Palanan from Dipaguiden to
Dibuaka
unconformable over the Isabela Ophiolite as well as with the overlying
Kanaipang Limestone and Palanan Formation. Radiometric K-Ar dating of
a sample of the basalt indicates an age of 87 Ma, equivalent to Late
Cretaceous
Dibuakag Volcanic Complex
age and thickness of Dibuakag Volcanic Complex
Late Cretaceous
Thickness 800 m
Dibuakag (also known as
Kananalatiang Point
Outcrops of greenschists along Dalugan Bay at the eastern coast of
San Ildefonso Peninsula could be weakly metamorphosed equivalents of
the Dibuakag Volcanic Complex. These are elongated or stretched pillow
basalts, schistose volcanic breccia and andesitic flow with marble lenses
and associated phyllites and greenschists. South of Baler, greenschists
and highly silicified lithic tuffs were also encountered. These rocks were
named by Billedo (1994) as
Dalugan Schist
s Dalugan Schist. It may be correlated with the
Quidadanom Schist of Polillo Island.
Peridotite, massive and layered gabbro,
sheeted dike complex, pillow basalt,
pelagic sedimentary rocks
Constitutes the basement of northern
Sierra Madre; unconformably overlain by
the Dibuakag Volcanic Complex
Distribution Coastal strip from Dinapique Point to
Bicobian, Isabela; Baler, Quezon; San
Ildefonso Peninsula
Age Early Cretaceous
consists of an ultramafic complex, gabbros and
associated pillow basalt and pelagic sedimentary rocks as well as their
metamorphic equivalents.
Isabela Ophiolite
NORTHERN SIERRA MADRE - CARABALLO (SG 4)
The ultramafic rocks are extensively exposed along the coast from
Dinapique Point northwards to Divilacan Bay, which was designated by
Aurelio and Billedo (1987) as
s Isabela Ultramafic Complex
consist
mostly of peridotite with subordinate dunite and pyroxenite, which are
almost completely serpentinized and intruded in some places by diabasic
dikes
Pillow basalt, represented by Bicobian Basalt, was found to be in
thrust contact with the overlying pelagic Dikinamaran Chert in Bicobian,
Isabela. The Dikinamaran Chert was previously named Dikinamaran River
Pelagics by
billedo
Metamorphosed equivalents of the Isabela Ophiolite are found eastsoutheast of Baler and in San Ildefonso Peninsula, named by Billedo
(1994) as A sample of the
amphibolite gave a radiometric 40Ar39Ar dating of 92 Ma, equivalent to
early Late Cretaceous, which is considered as indicative of the age of
metamorphism of the ophiolite
Dibut Bay Metaophiolite
Calcareous sandstone sampled in the lower portion of the formation
yielded large foraminifera indicating a Late Miocene age, while
nannofossils from a shale sample from the upper portion were dated Late
Miocene to late Early Pliocene (NN7 and NN11) as reported by
Aurelio and
Billedo
Recent paleontological dating of samples of the Lubuagan Formation
indicates an age range of late Late Oligocene (nannofossil zone NP25) to
Early Miocene (nannofossil zones NN2- NN3) as reported by
Billedo
ibulao limestone thickness acc to billedo
200-450 m for the limestone in the eastern side of
the valley.
A shale sample collected at the base of the
overlying Lubuagan Formation at Dibuluan River yielded nannofossils of
biochronological zone NP25 or late Late Oligocene, suggesting the upper
limit of the
Ibulao Limestone (
It embodies the principal position of the westward-dipping
monoclinal structure of the Cagayan Basin. It unconformably overlies the
Abuan Formation and is unconformably overlain by the Ibulao Limestone
along Dibuluan River and elsewhere in the southeastern end of the referring to the dibuluan fromation
Cagayan Valley Basin
Unconformable over the Bordeos
Formation
Distribution eastern coast of Polillo Island
Langoyen Limestone
Constitutes the basement of Polillo Island;
overlain by Bordeos Formation
Distribution Buhang Point and Sabang Polillo Island;
Jomalig and Canaway Islands
Buhang Ophiolitic Complex
Unconformable over the Kanaipang
Limestone
Distribution Palanan, Isabela
Palanan Formation
Unconformable over the Caraballo
Formation
Distribution Aglipay, Quirino
Aglipay Limestone
Unconformable over Isabela Ophiolite
Distribution Dinapique and Palanan, Isabela
Kanaipang Limestone
Unconformable over Dupax Diorite and
Caraballo Formation
Distribution Natbang – Sta. Fe – Dalton Pass, Nueva
Vizcaya; Baler, Quezon
Sta. Fe Formation
Unconformable over the Isabela Ophiolite
Distribution Palanan, Isabela
Dibuakag Volcanic Complex
Constitutes the basement of northern
Sierra Madre; unconformably overlain by
the Dibuakag Volcanic Complex
Distribution Coastal strip from Dinapique Point to
Bicobian, Isabela; Baler, Quezon; San
Ildefonso Peninsula
Isabela Ophiolite
Unconformable over the Dibuluan
Formation; unconformably overlain by the
Lubuagan Formation
Distribution Kiangan Valley, Ifugao; Maddela and
Bayombong Nueva Vizcaya; Jones and
Cabagan, Isabela
Ibulao Limestone
Lower sandstone and upper limestone
members
Stratigraphic relations Unconformable over Taragona
Conglomerate
Distribution Pacific Coast from Manay to south of
Cateel River
Age Early – Late Pleistocene
Manay Formation
Piedmontite schist, quartzofeldspathic
schist, quartz-chlorite-sericite schist,
amphibolite schist
Stratigraphic relations Unconformably overlain by the Kiamba
Formation
Distribution Salbuyon and Apno creeks, southeastern
part of the Cotabato Cordillera (Daguma
Range)
Age Cretaceous (?)
Salbuyon Schist
prev name of Salbuyon Schist
Salbuyon Formation
Hornblende diorite
Stratigraphic relations Intrudes Salbuyon Schist and Kiamba
Formation Kiamba, Maasin and Bagumbayan, South
Cotabato
Age Early Oligocene
Daguma Diorite
Conglomerate, sandstone, mudstone,
limestone
Stratigraphic relations Conformable above the Nakal Formation
Distribution Patut Creek, western North Cotabato
Age Middle Miocene
Thickness 900 m – 1,150 m
Patut Formation
prev anem of Patut Formation
Patut Sandstone and Conglomerate
Volcanic and volcaniclastic rocks
Stratigraphic relations Capped by limestone
Age Early Miocene (?)
Named by MGB (this volume)
Malita Formation
Conformable over the Pangyan Formation
Distribution Upper Glan and Big Lun rivers
Age Middle Miocene
Thickness ~ 915 m
Glan Formation
Limestone, sandstone, shale,
conglomerate
Stratigraphic relations Unconformable over the Buayan
Formation
Distribution Coastal areas from Malapatan in the north
to Mananda in the south and northeastern part of Sarangani Bay; Latian and Dimulok
rivers
Age Pliocene - Pleistocene
Thickness ~ 400 m
Gumasa Formation
constitutes Balut Island south of Saranggani Peninsula
representing the northernmost volcano of the present day Sangihe arc. It
stands 1,800 above the seafloor but only 883 m is above sea level
(Comvol, 1981). Products from this inactive volcano are basaltic.
Balut Volcano
The southern Pacific Cordillera consists of several massifs in tectonic
contact with one another, which may be affiliated either with the Philippine
arc or the
Pujada Ophiolite
Amphibolite, dunite, peridotite, gabbro,
volcanic and sedimentary rocks
Stratigraphic relations Overlain by the Tagabakid and Sigaboy
Formations
Distribution Pujada Peninsula; New Bataan,
Compostela Valley, Maragusan Valley
Age Cretaceous
Pujada Ophiolite
The west dipping Pujada Ophiolite includes the
Ansuwang Amphibolite,
Magpapangi Greenschist, Surop Peridotite, Nagas Peridotite, Matalao
Gabbro, Lumao Diabase, Kalunasan Basalt and Iba Formation
Amphibolite
Stratigraphic relations Below the Surop Ultramafic Complex and
thrusted over the Kalunasan Basalt
Distribution Ansuwang Creek; Tagbibi; Malibago
Ansuwang Amphibolite
The amphibolites are structurally below the
Surop Peridotite and
thrusted over the Kalunasan Basalt and the greenschists
Actinolite schist, chlorite schist, antigorite
schist
Stratigraphic relations Thrusted over the Surop Peridotite
Distribution Magpapangi; Tagugpo
Magpapangi Greenschist
Harzburgite, lherzolite, dunite, serpentinite
Stratigraphic relations Above the Ansuwang Amphibolite;
thrusted against the Kalunasan Basalt;
overlain by Sigaboy Clastics
Distribution Surop River; Ilihan and Andap creeks
Previous Name Surop Ultramafics
Surop Peridotite
n the central portion of the peninsula, a narrow metamorphic belt, 50
m to 200 m wide, designated as
Tagugpo Schist,
This group name was introduced by Hashimoto and Sato (1973) to
include the
Bacuit, Minilog, Liminangcong and Guinlo formations, exposed
in the Malampaya Sound area in northern Palawan
Sandstone, altered tuff, calcareous
sandstone, chert and slate
Stratigraphic relations Unconformable over the Barton
Metamorphics (Reyes, 1971) and
conformably overlain by the Minilog
Limestone.
Distribution Manmegmeg Bay, south of Bacuit
(formerly El Nido town);
Dilumacad Island, Barboring Bay,
southern part of Natnat Island, north of
Bacuit, Casian Island and the southern
coast of Cadlao Island
Age Middle Permian to Late Permian
Thickness About 1500-4500 m (BMG, 1972); the
chert is about 1000 m in the Calamian
Islands
Bacuit Formation
he name Bacuit was first used by Reyes (1971) for the sequence of
shales, sandstones, conglomerate and limestone unconformably overlying
the Barton Metamorphics. Its type locality is in the town of Bacuit, the old
name of El Nido municipality. It was later termed
Bacuit Chert
Limestone
Stratigraphic relations One of the exotic blocks in the
olistostrome of northern
Palawan; apparently overlies the Bacuit
Formation
Distribution Minilog Island; west coast of Inabamalaki
Island, west coast of El Nido town;
Cudugman Point on Bacuit Bay, limestone
pinnacles in the islands of the Cuyo Group
of Islands; some islets of the Tara Group
Age Late Permian to Middle Triassic
Thickness 100-300 meters
Minilog Limestone
prev name of Minilog Limestone
Minilog Formation
Chert/radiolarite, black slate, tuff
Stratigraphic relations Considered part of an olistostrome but
noted to underlie the Coron Limestone
and unconformably rest on the Minilog
Limestone
Distribution Liminangcong coast at the northern part of
Malampaya Sound; widely distributed in
the northern part of mainland Palawan
including the Calamian Group of Islands Late Permian to Late Jurassic
Thickness 500 - 1,000 m
Liminangcong Formation
equivalent to the Coron Formation
King Ranch Formation and Malajon Limestone
Sandstone, conglomerate
Stratigraphic relations Unconformable over the Coron Formation
and overlain by the Maytiguid Limestone
Distribution Guinlo Point, at Malampaya Sound; other
places in the vicinity of Malampaya Sound;
Mabin, Maytiguid, Ariara, Cagbatang,
Inoulay, Imorigue Islands
Age Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous
Named by Hashimoto and Sato (1973)
Correlation Mansiol Conglomerate (Teves, 1953) at
Mindoro
Guinlo Formation
Muscovite schist, graphite schist, quartzite
Stratigraphic relations Stratigraphically below the Concepcion
Phyllite
Distribution Caramay, Roxas; major rivers around
Roxas; Tinitian Area; San Vicente;
northwest of Tumarbong
Age Cretaceous
Caramay Schist
Hornblende quartz diorite, andesite
porphyry, biotite tonalite porphyry and
other intermediate porphyries
Stratigraphic relations Intrudes Marinduque, TaluntunanTumicob, San Antonio and Torrijos
Formations
Distribution Lobo, Mahinhin-Puting Buhangin,
Tumagabok
Age late Early Miocene
Lobo Quartz Diorite
Siltstone, sandstone, conglomerate
Stratigraphic relations Unconformable over the Gasan Formation
Distribution Boac; northwestern coastal area
Age Early Pliocene - Pleistocene
Thickness 400 m
Boac Formation
Sandstone, shale, mudstone, limestone,
conglomerate
Stratigraphic relations Unconformable over the Panaon
Limestone
Distribution Vigo River Valley; widespread along the
length of the peninsula
Age Early – Middle Miocene
Thickness 2,530 m
Vigo Formation
Previous name Vigo Shale
Vigo Formation
Tabgon Flysch – conglomerate,
graywacke, shale, siltstone
Ragas Olistostrome – sandstone,
siltstone, shale matrix with blocks of
limestone, andesites, wackes, siltstone
Stratigraphic relations Not reported
Distribution Easternmost part of the peninsula from
Tabgon to Ragas Point and from Guijalo
to Rungus Point
Age Middle – Late Eocene
Caramoan Formation
immediately northwest of Tabgon, a rhythmically
interbedded sequence of fine and coarse graywacke, siltstone, shale and
conglomerates shows a typical flysch sequence. The conglomerates, which
form the lower part of the sequence, contain clasts of volcanic rocks,
quartz and occasional metamorphic rocks. The upper part consists of
regular interbeds of graywacke and shale
Tabgon Flysch
PH land area
119, 268 sq. miles
PH land area
119, 268 sq. miles
coastline of ph
207,749 miles
northernmost island with the native name Y’Ami
Mavulis
southernmost island
Salaug
age of west ph basin acc to paleomagnetic data
60-35 Ma
age of west ph basin acc to deep see drilling
53-42 Ma
age of parece vela
30 Ma
shikoku age
10Ma
marianas basin age
6 Ma
age of west marianas ridge
20-9 Ma
which directin is scs bound to ph archipelago
NW
depth of scs
4km
NW subbasin thickness of sulu sea basin
6-8 km
SE subbasin thickness
1-2 km
dip of ph trench
4-15
inclinationg and plunge of ph treench
20 and plunges 45
dip of east luzon
16-18
dip of manila trench
22-13
depth of manila trench
5100m
thickness of sed fill of manila trench
250-2600 m
dip of cotabato trench
6 N
dip of nwgros trench
10N
active volcanic arc in mindanao margin
western
upper oligocene middle eocene marine
ilocos central luzon basin
pre paleogeme ophiolitic basement and cretaceous paleogeme arc sequences sed fill 8100m
cagayan valley basin
4600 sed fill
southern luzon bicol basin
ophiolitic crust
mindoro basin
paleogene vonaic brly 5000m sed fill
iloilo basin
installed unconformably over deformed volcaniclastic basement 4000 msed fill
visayan sea basin
middle kiocene widespread limestone covers 25% island
samar basin
lower niocene volcaniclastics unconformably overlie a mixed basement of ophiolites and metamorphic rock
upper oligocene lower miocene of samar basin
thickest sed fill 12000m
agusan davao basin
sed fill is 8000m
cotabato basin
when id the au cu vein mineratlixation occurs in eastern mindanao
eocene-miocene
length of ph fault
1200 kn luzon to mindanao
where did the ms 7.8 earthquake dur to movement of northern segment of fault occurred
vicinit tof cabanatuan
transpressional regime where movement is both by strike slip and thrust faulting
northern segment NW Luzon to Lanon Bay
stretch kf guingayan
30km
bounds eastern flank of agusan davao basin
southern segment mindanao and molucca sea
easter flank of agusan davao basin
southern segment:mindanao and moluccas
what is the strike in surigao
N10-20W
strike in davao
N-S
decreased 2.4 cm/ye in surigao to about 1.0 cm/yr in davao
mati fault
right lateral strike slip center of metropolitan manila obly 5km
Marikina Valley active fault system
left lateral
NE-SW
quaternary volcanism
macolod corridor
left lateral cuts trhough manila trench
lubang verse
right lateral
mindoro aglubang fault
left lateral offshore north of masbate
sibuyan fault
left lateral
SE trending lineat from pascao in the ragay fault area passing tholrough lake bato
legaspi lineament
right lateral tectonic boundary between mindoro and palawan western edge of pmb
connects with negros trench southwards subduction along the negros trench to collision towards mindoro
tablas lineament
peft lateralNW trending linear fracturw western of min island
kindanao fault
basement rocks ages permian
minilog limestone
olistolith in late jurassic
early cret
guinlo formation in palawan
igneous inteusion
kapoas granite
hunstruck slate and rhynie chert
devonin period
