GOP Flashcards by Unknown Unknown

What is the age of the Pacific Plate?

150 Ma (Late Jurassic)

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What is the age of the Pacific Plate?

150 Ma (Late Jurassic)

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Composition of the Pacific Plate?

Oceanic crust

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Rate of movement of PP?

80 mm/yr

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Kinematic reorganization of PP

43 Ma
5 Ma

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The subduction of PP

Under Eurasian Plate, along the Japan trench
Philippine Sea Plate, along the Bonin-Marianas-Yap Trench system
Under Indo-Australian Plate, east of New Zealand

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What are the 3 regional geology of Southeast Asia?

Pacific Plate
Eurasian Plate
Indo-Australian Plate

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What is the age of Eurasian Plate?

50 Ma (Eocene-Late Miocene)

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Composition of EP

Continental, except marginal basins

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Rate of movement of EP

3 mm/yr

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Age of Indo-Australian Plate during the separation of India and Australia?

150 (Late Jurassic) Cessation of the MOR
43 Ma (Middle Eocene)

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Composition

Continental- India and Australia
Oceanic- Indian Ocean

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Rate of movement of IAP

107 mm/yr- northward motion

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Kinematics of IAP (continental)

Collides with Eurasian Plate in the Himalayas

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Kinematics of IAP (Oceanic)

Subducts under Eurasian Plate, along

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Give the 3 marginal basins: Eurasian Affinity

South China Sea Basin
Sulu Sea Basin
Celebes Sea Basin

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Age of SCS Basin and Feature

32 Ma (Oligocene) to 17 Ma (Miocene)
Scarborough ridge- perpendicular to the Manila Trench

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What is the associated feature of the notable formation Cortes Limestone?

Chocolate Hills

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Malubog Formation?

Coal Stringers

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Macasilao Formation

Contain Lignite Coal Beds

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Lutopan Diorite

Porphyry Cu in Cebu

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Lutopan Diorite

Porphyry Cu in Cebu

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Vista Alegre

Dacite Porphyry

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Negros Island

Gold Zone

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Mindanao Dinagat Group of Island formations with age

Nueva Estrella Schist- Cretaceous Siargao Limestone- Pleistocene

Sulu Archipelago

Sulu Serpentine- Cretaceous Jolo Volcanic complex- plio-pleistocene

Zamboanga Peninsula

Tungauan Schist- Cretaceous Sta. Maria Volcanic Complex- plio-pleistocene

Labangan Formation

Pleistocene

north central zamboanga

dansalan metamorphic complex- cretaceous auroa formation- pleistocene

misamis oriental bukidnon-lanao

tago schist- cretaceous cagayan gravel- pleistocene-recent

mindanao central cordillera

tago schist- cretaceous cabanglasan gravel- pleistocene-recent

central mindanao volcanic complex

mabuaya andesite/lanao volcanic complex/ ragang volcanic complex/ parker volcanic complex ALL THE AGES IS PLIOCENE-RECENT

agusan basin

agdaoan formation- late miocene-late pliocene alluvial, paludal and lacustrine deposits- holocene

davao basin

kabagtican formation- early miocene tigatto terrace gravel- holocene

davao gulf and samal island

tagbobo conglomerate-pliocene samal limestone- pleistocene

northern pacific cordillera

dinagat ophiolite- cretaceous placer conglomerate- pleistocene

central pacific cordillera

anoling andesite/ bunggao limestone- eocene Hinatuan limestone- pleistocene

Southern Pacific cordillera

barcelona formation- cretaceous amacan volcanic complex- holocene

Daguma Range

Salbuyon Schist-cretaceous Matualas Gravel- Holocene

Cotabato Basin

Patut Formation- middle miocene Omanat Marl- Pleistocene

Saranggani Peninsula

Malita formation- early miocene gumasa formation- plio-pleistocene

pujada peninsula

pujada ophioloite- cretaceous maco limestone- late pleistocene

cagayan valley

abuan formation-eocene awiden mesa formation-pliocene

cagayan valley

abuan formation-eocene awiden mesa formation-pliocene

northern sierra madre caraballo

isabela ophilite- cretaceous pantabangan formation- pliocene

zambales range

zambales ophiolotoc complex-eocene bataan volcanic arc/ bolinao limestone- late miocene recent/ plio-pleistocene

southern sierra madre polilio-infanta

buhang ophiolitic complex- cretaceous karlagan formation- pliocene

mainland (southern sierra madre)

montalban ophiolitic complex-cretaceous manila formation- holocene

southwest luzon uplands

san juan formation- oligocene banahaw volcanic complex-pleistocene-recent

marindique island

marinduque formation-cretaceous malindig volcanic complex- pleistocene

bondoc peninsula

gumaca schist-cretaceous malumbang formation- pleistocene

quezon-camarines norte

malaguit schist-jurassic vinas formation-pliocene

caramoan peninsula/ camarines sur

siruma schist-jurassic lahuy formation- middle-late miocene

catanduanes island

yop formation-cretaceous ligao formation- plio-pleistocene

cagragay, batan, rapu rapu islands

rapu-rapu schist- cretaceous bilbao formation- middle miocene

southern bicol peninsula

panganiran peridotte-cretaceous ligao formation- plio-pleistocene

bicol volcanic arc complex

mt. tagagpo, susong dalaga volcanic complex- pliocene

masbate

baleno schist- cretaceous masbate limestone- pleistocene

ticao island

talisay schist-cretaceous matabao formation- pleistocene

burias and adjacent island

makalawang limestone-oligocene baybay limestone-pliocene

southwest mindoro

mansalay formation- jurassic oreng formation- pleistocene

northeast mindoro

halcon metamorphic complex-jurassic dumali volcanic complex- pleistocene

north palawan

bacuit formation- oldest formation-permian manguao basalt- pleistocene

south palawan

palawan ophiolite-cretaceous tagburos ophiolite- pleistocene

buruanga peninsula

buruanga metamorphic complex- jurassic libertad formation- plio-pleistocene

antique range

antique ophiolite-cretaceous apdo formation- plio-pleistocene

central panay-iloilo basin

panpan formation-oligocene-miocene cabatuan formation- plio pleistocene(also eastern panay)

eastern panay

sibala formation-cretaceous

romblon island group

romblon metamorphic complex- permian peliw formation: looc limestone- pleistocene

negros island

basak formation- cretaceous malindig volcanic complex- pleistocene-recent

negros and central cebu

tunlob schist-jurassic carcar formation- pleistocene

southern cebu

pandan formation-cretaceous linut-od formation- early miocene

siquijor island

kanglasog volcanic complex- cretaceous siquijor limestone- plio-pleistocene

bohol island

alicia schist-cretaceous mariboloc formation- plio-pleistocene

Western Island/ Camotes Island

Malitbog Ophiolite-cretaceous San Isidro Limestone- Pleistocene

Central Highland

abuera diorite- eocene leyte volcanic arc complex- late late pliocene-recnt

eastern leyte

tacloban ophiolite-cretaceous baghupi formation- late miocene-pliocene

samar island

samar ophiolite-jurassic calicoan formation- pleistocene

give 5 non ph mobile belt

1. Southwest palawan basin 2. reed bank basin 3. west luzon basin (forearc basin) 4. east palawan basin (forearc basin) 5. sulu sea basin (backarc basin)

Give volcanoes in Luzon volcanic arc manila trench

iraya smith babuyan didicas camiguin de babuyanes cagua pinatubo macolod corridor: taal banahaw

iraya

1 eruption last known activity batan island, batanes

smith

5 1924 babuyan island

babuyan claro

4 1917 babuyan island

didicas

6 1978 babuyan group of islands

camiguin de babuyanes

1 1857 babuyan group of islands

cagua

2 1907 (1860) cagayan

pinatubo

3 1991 (2021)

taal

34 2020 (2021) batangas

banahaw

3 (5) 1834 (1909) laguna quezon province

east ph volcanic arc (ph trench)

bicol volcanic arc: isarog iriga mayon bulusan biliran cabalian

isarog

3500 bce camarines sur

iriga

2 1624 camarines sur

mayon

49 (50) 2021 2018 albay

bulusan

15 1995 (2021) sorsogon

biliran

1 1939 biliran island

cabalian

1820 southern leyte

negros panay arc kanlaon

25 1996 (2017) negros oriental

cotabato arc (cotabato trench) 1. Ragang 2. Makaturing 3. Matutum 4. Parker

1. 8, 1916 lanao del sur cotabato 2. 10, 1882, lanao del sur 3. 1, 1911, south cotabato 4. 1, 1640, sputh cotabato

molucca sea collision 1. hibok hibok 2. musuan 3. leonard kniasefff

1. 5, 1953, camiguin island 2. 2, 1867, bukidnon 3. 1800 120 CE Davao

Sulu Zamboanga Arc (sulu trench) Bud Dajo

2, 1897, jolo island, sulu

Give the sedimentary basins of the ph mobile belt

forearc basin ilocos basin central luzon basin cagayan valley basin bicol shelf west masbate- iloilo basin agusan davao basin backarc basin visayan sea basin southeast luzon basin cotabato basin rift basin mindoro cuyo basin northwest palawan basin

What earthquake in north bohol fault

inabanga NE trending Oct 15 2013 Ms. 7.2 reverse

negros thrust

NW trending feb 6, 2012 bohol earthquake ms 6.9

shallow seated earthquakes between Cebu and Bohol islands in the Visayas, with some capable of causing significant infrastructure damage

offshore cebu bohol faults

has a NS trend and movement left lateral strike slip

Mindanao Fault

this is a distinct segment of mindanao fault wherein it separates daguma range from cotabato basin

Cotabato fault segment (south)

this is a distinct segment of mindanao fault which is the northern continuation towards northern zamboanga

sindangan fault segment

NS trending right lateral strike slip tectonic boundary between the palawan midnoro microcontinental block and the western edge of the Philippine mobile belt connects negros trench northwards to mindoro -panay collision zone

tablas lineament

SE trend left lateral strike slip continues up to the ph trench

legaspi lineament

NO trend left lateral strike slip aborted by a spreading center under a transtensional tectonic regime

sibuyan sea fault

NS trend right lateral strike slip significant normal component

mindoro/ aglubag fault

what are the two recent large earthquakes of mindoro/ aglubag fault

aug 17 1976 moro gulf ms 8.1 nov 15 1994 mindoro ms 7.1

NW trend left lateral strike slip but transforms into a transpressional (thrusr/left-lateral) fault plays a significant role in the transition from subduction along Manila Trench to collision in the Mindoro Palawan Panay area

lubang verde passage fault system

NNE-SSW trend left lateral strike slip fracture zone volcanoes associated taal banahaw makiling malepunyo maars of laguna (7 lakes)

macolod corridor

NE trend right lateral and two adjacent normal faults consists of 2 NE treding faults transecting metro manila that extends southwards to tagaytay ridge 1. west valley 2. east valley

marikina valley fault/ valley fault system

latitude 16N -18 N benioff zone: shallow - no active volcanism connected to ph trench by an ENE treding transcurrent fault zone

east luzon trough early miocene

22N-13N steep on its southern portion, but flattens off toward the north 5100m 250 to 2600 km thick subduction of the oceanic south china sea under the luzon arc ends at the panay mindoro collision zone

manila trench 15 ma (early miocene to oligocene)

who proposed that the subduction along the manila trench started around 15ma and that volcanism related to the activity along the manila trench in western luzon is considerably older than 15ma

wolfe1981 and hayes and lewis 1984

10 N subducted oceanic slab does not seem to exceed 100km oceanic crust of sulu basin is being consumed connects sulu trench southwestwards subduction is marked by the present of an arc which has been active since its initiation at ~10 Ma

negros trench 10 ma miocene

subducted oceanic slab does not seem exceed 100km connects with negros trench northeastward

sulu trench

6N subduction is marked by earthquakes down to ~100lm depth poorly developed connects with negros trench by a left lateral strike slip fault cutting the cotabato fault consumes the celebes sea basin and the corresponding volcanic arcthat can be found on the western margin of the mindanao

cotabato trench <5ma pliocene

who suggested that the subduction along the cotabato trench is younger than 5ma similar to what they perceived for the initiation of subduction zones along the sulu sea margin

rangin 1999

manila trench luzon arc system to mindoro panay continent arc collision eurasian plate vs ph sea plate start of collision is associated with the kinematic reorganization of the ph sea plate at around 4ma

taiwan-collision zone

southern termination of manila trench down to the island of panay arc continental collision -ph mobile belt vs palawan microcontinental pmc block collision initiated in miocene right after cessation of the accretion of the south china sea oceanic crust between 32 and 17 ma collision decreased since pliocene

mindoro-panay collision zone

south mindoro island in the mindanao island of panay arc-arc collision- double vergent subduction of the molucca sea plate scissor subduction:western slab subducts down at 600km and the eastern slab subducts down to 200km two corresponding arcs sangihe and halmahera presently separated at least 1km northern portion will close first

molucca sea colllision zone

NNW SSE TREND creeping left lateral strike slip at an average movement of 2.5 cm/yr intense deformation affects the PMB with sinistral fault transecting the archipelago from luzon to eastern mindanao for more than 1200km lateral component of the oblique convergence between the ph sea plate and eurasian plate with other component being absorbed subduction along the ph trench under a shear partitioning mechanism synchronous formation of pfz and ph trench

PFZ 4 ma pliocene-pleistocene

what are the 3 segments of philippine fault zone

divided into 3 segments 1, northern segment: NW luzon lamon bay- nw luzon is dominated by a thrust component 2. central segment: bondoc peninsula to leyte 3. southern segment: mindanao to molucca

the components under northern segment: NW luzon lamon bay- nw luzon

a. san miguel vigan aggao fault system b. pugo fault c. tuba fault d. teboo abra fault e. digdig kabugao fault caused july 16 1990 lulzon earthquake ms 7.8

4N-15N benioff zone: 20 to the north ~ 45 to the south 1320km 8cm/yr wadati-benioff zone depth <200km volcanic arc can be traced from bicol to leyte lacks any well developed accretionary prism

ph trench 5ma pliocene

NW displacement direction 3 main kinematic parameters with respect to eurasia: 1. rotation pole located NE of japan 2. relative displacement rate varies from N to S along the western edge of the PSP a. 3cm/yr latitude to the nankai trough b. 9cm/yr southern end of the ph trench 3. relative displacement direction whose azimuth is directed N55W near taiwan with a linear velocit aroung 7cm.\yr

present day kinematics

4ma plate reorganization relative movement changed from NNW to WNW since 5ma based on taiwan collisionin taiwan at 4-6 ma 40 degrees CCW in japan, at 2-3 ma 30 degrees CCW

old day kinematics

what are the two branches of izu-bonin ridge?

1. west marianas ridge (ancient volcanic arc active between 20 to 9 ma 2. east marianas ridge (volcanic arc of active marianas trench)

what are the two branches of izu-bonin ridge?

1. west marianas ridge 2. east marianas ridge

eastern limit of shikoku basin volcanic arc of the active bonin trench colliding with the japanese margin-izu penisula central japan west and east marianas ridge define limits of marianas trench

izu-bonin ridge?

relic arc of middle eocene to oligocene age divides the WPB and PVSB 3=2500km volcanic arc formed transformation of transform fault to subduction zone at around 43 Ma subduction retreated at 30 ma and stopped of opening parece vela shikoku basin

palau kyushu ridge

poorly known portion of the southern extremity of the plate

ayu basin

opens around 6 ma at a NS spreading axis and still presently active

marianas basin mb

parece vela rift spreading ridge oceanic crust accelerates on a N S spreading axis opening mrowzoski and hayes kobayashi and nakeda 1st stage: 30 ma-parece vela 2nd stage: 20 ma- shikoku accretion stopped 17ma

parcele-vela-shikoku-basin pvsb

3 submarine plateus 1. benham rise 2. urdaneta plateau 3. anami-oki-dalto ridges- relict volcanic arc that travelles NE during the opening of the basin Central Basin Fault (lineament) -extinct MOR with WNW to ESE trend occupies 50% of the ph sea plate central basin fault (lineament) 2 stages opening 1. 60and 45 Ma at NE SW - 4.4 cm/yr half spreading rate 2. 45 and 35 Ma at NS orientation - 1.8 cm/yr half spreading rate Basin's origin (2 models) 1. trapped oceanic basin suggests WSP as a trapped piece of the pacific plate during the 43 ma kinematic reorganization of the pacific plate 2. back arc basin model by karid formed by back arc spreading behind the Oki Daito Ridge

West Philippine sea 60 - 35 ma paleomagnetic data 53to 42 deep sea drilling

eastern limit of shikoku basin volcanic arc of the active bonin trench colliding with the japanese margin-izu penisula central japan west and east marianas ridge define limits of marianas trench

izu-bonin ridge?

sulu-zamboanga arc- separates SSB from CSB located southeast of the sulu basin and sulu zamboanga arc models: 1 acc to GOP lee and mcCabe a trapped basin mechanism for CSB could have split off as a baisn from prev larger molucca sea plate 2. silver and rangin a. fragment of WPB b. back arc basin or c. basin rifted from the SE continental margin 3. hall and nichols a fragment of the west ph basin of the ph sea plate csb and wpb formed part og the same ocean basin with similarities in basement age, chemistry and stratigraphy

celebes sea basin csb ~55 to 42 ma eocene-based on ENE-WSE magnetic anomalies

cagayan de sulu 14.7 ma asperity not a spreading center but an ancient arc sulu-zamboanga arc-separates SSB from CSB two basins: 1. NW sub-basins 2. SE sub basins situated to the southeast of Plawan, this small margin basin composed of two sub basins that are separated by an E-NE trending cagayan de sulu ridge formed starting at around ~20 ma early miocene models for: 1 formed through spreaidng along the cagayan de sulu ridge discredited basins opposite of the cagayan de sulu ridge have different geochemical sig NW sub basin- continental basement SE sub basin- oceanic basement 2. geochemical sig of the oceanic basement along with tha basins position and age correlation wiht the arc volcanism along the CSR, suggests a back arc spreading origin for the Sulu basin. aRC VOLCANISM ALONG THE csr CEASED AROUND 16ma following it scollision with the riftef margin of china

sulu sea basin ~20 ma early miocene

scarborough ridge- asperity an extinct spreading center perpendicualar to manila trench

south china sea basin 32 ma oligocene to 17 ma miocene

depth 4,0km opening was preceded by rifting that could have taken place between the Late cretaceous and late eocene 2 stages of opening 1. 32 to 17 ma along e-w axis 2. 20-17 ma along ne-sw axis model 1. holloway and taylor and hayes put the spreading the prominent ridge being the scarborough ridge in teh basin on a roughly NE-SW direction starting aroung 32 ma (oligocene) 2. briais showed a progressive change in the orientation of the spreading center: ENE-WSW fro 32-30 ma and E-W from 30-27 ma by 26-24 ma the ridge jumped to the south and a second basin started foriming to the southwest briasis suggested that the SCS spreading ceased aroung 15.5 ma rosser said the event occurred somewhat earlier 3. trench pull/roll bakc rangin et al trench pull gravity controlled trench pull involked explain the rifting and spreading the subduction along sunda trench may be responsible for the opening of the proto-SCS and the subduction of the proto-SCS douth of plawan may in turn explain the south china sea opening pubellier trench rollback (back arc basin) rolls back due to getting longer as it subducts and initiates spreading 4. tapponier south china sea opened as a side effect of the extrusion of indochina contention: timing of collison vs. openin gof SCS & difficult to reconcile with a N-S spreading of the SCS.

south china sea basin 32 ma oligocene to 17 ma miocene

what are the 3 sub basins for the south china sea

1. NW sub basin -ENE-WSW spreading during 32-30 ma 2. WE sub basin- E-W spreading during 30-27 ma 3. SW sub basin - NE- SW spreading 26-24 ma

. A linear feature located northeast of Luzon Island.

. East Luzon Trough

This is a poorly known east-dipping subduction zone which seems to disappear southwards into the Moluccas Sea

b. Cotabato Trench

The corresponding arcs (Sangihe and Halmahera) of this collision are presently separated by at least 100 km

. Moluccas Sea

The ______________ arc is formed by the Sulu Trench

. Sulu-Zamboanga

This subduction zone consumes the oceanic crust of the Sulu Sea Basin

. Negros Trench

A poorly understood feature but appears in most maps as a transform fault

Philippine Trench

. The _______________ is surrounded by subduction zones with opposing polarities

. Philippine Mobile Belt

This metamorphic group is characterized geographically by its restricted distribution in the western central Philippines.

pre-Cretaceous metamorphic rocks of continental origin

. The _______________ arc is related to the Cotabato Trench

e. Cotabato

The subducted oceanic slab of this east-dipping subduction zone does not seem to exceed 100 km in depth.

d. Negros Trench

The Manila Trench-Luzon Arc system passes into the

Mindoro-Panay

This metamorphic group is characterized petrographically by the abundance of silica

a. pre-Cretaceous metamorphic rocks of continental origin

The ______________ arc is well defined only from Bicol to Leyte but cannot be traced in Eastern Mindanao

East-Philippine

. An east-dipping subduction zone that runs parallel to the western coasts of Panay and Negros Islands

Negros Trench

The southern closure of this structure is still poorly know

Philippine Trench

The boundary of between the _________________ and the eastern margin of the ______________ is a complex system of subduction zones, collision zones and marginal sea basin openings.

. Philippine Sea Plate, Eurasian Plate

This represent a continent-arc collision

Taiwan

The rotation and spreading of this plate during Eocene to Miocene times is the reason for the present position of the Philippine Mobile Belt.

Philippine Sea Plate

These lithologic units represent the pre-Tertiary basement of the Philippines. I. Metamorphic rocks II. Ophiolites and ophiolitic rocks III. Magmatic rocks and active volcanic arcs IV. Sedimentary basins

a. I & II

The presence of these that cannot be associated with any of the active subduction zones indicates the evolution of the Philippine archipelago through continuous volcanic activity throughout the Cenozoic.

c. Magmatic rocks and active volcanic arcs

This collision was initiated within Miocene time, right after the cessation of the accretion of the South China Sea oceanic crust.

. Mindoro-Panay

These metamorphic formations include the Caramay Schist, Halcon, Buruanga and Romblon Metamorphic Complexes and Tungauan Schist

pre-Cretaceous metamorphic rocks of continental origin

The ______________ volcanic arc corresponds to the Manila Trench

. Luzon

. A west-dipping subduction zone, Lewis and Hayes (1983) proposed that this is a nascent subduction zone propagating northwards

East Luzon Trough

The Philippine Mobile Belt (PMB) is an actively deforming zone created between the two plates of ________________

c. Philippine Sea Plate, Eurasian Plate

The start of this collision is associated with the kinematic reorganization of the Philippine Sea Plate at around 4 Ma.

. Taiwan

This collision was initiated within Miocene time, right after the cessation of the accretion of the South China Sea oceanic crust.

Mindoro-Panay

A late Miocene age was determined for the start of this collision.

. Moluccas Sea

The oldest known rocks of this type are found in Cebu Island and is dated Late Cretaceous

Magmatic rocks and active volcanic arcs

This is rifted from the Asian mainland during Late Cretaceous-Late Eocene time

Palawan Microcontinental Block

. A forearc basin is developed between the accretionary prism of this subduction zone and Luzon Islan

. Manila Trench

. The volcanic arc corresponding to this geologic structure can be traced from Bicol to Leyte but unclear in Mindanao

. Philippine Trench

. The ________________ enters into collision with the central portion of the Philippine Mobile Belt

Palawan Microcontinental Block

The _____________ volcanic arc is linked to the Negros Trench.

Negros-Panay

. The termination of this east-dipping subduction zone passes into the collision zone of Mindoro-Panay

Manila Trench

The Philippines is generally interpreted as a collage of _____________________.

insular arcs b. ophiolitic suites c. continental rocks of Eurasian affinity

The subduction along this trench is young as shown by a poorly developed Benioff Zone

. Cotabato Trench

The western slab of this collision dives down to a depth of more than 600 km, one of the deepest in the world.

. Moluccas Sea

The ______________ volcanic arc is associated with the Philippine Trench

East-Philippine

This is an east-dipping subduction zone opposite of the East Luzon trough

. Manila Trench

The Philippines is marked by this/these active collision zone/s

Taiwan b. Mindoro-Panay c. Moluccas Sea

These metamorphic formations are distributed sporadically within the whole archipelago.

Cretaceous metamorphic rocks of insular arc affinity

In pre-1980 literature, these rocks were previously referred to as ultramafic complexes or undifferentiated Cretaceous-Paleogene basement.

. Ophiolites and ophiolitic rocks

This geologic structure is generally considered young and probably created not earlier than 5 Ma

. Philippine Trench

This is the group of land masses that apparently originated from sub-equatorial regions.

Philippine Mobile Belt

This collision passes into the Manila Trench-Luzon Arc system

Taiwan

This metamorphic group is essentially basic to ultrabasic in character

Cretaceous metamorphic rocks of insular arc affinity

An active volcanic chain is traceable for this subduction zone, with Canlaon Volcano as an example

Negros Trench

The _______________ is an actively deforming zone between two active subduction systems

. Philippine Mobile Belt

This usually occurs with pre-Tertiary metamorphic rocks and represent basement on which magmatic arcs were developed.

Ophiolites and ophiolitic rocks

A conduct of marine geophysical survey with GLORIA (Geological Long-Range Inclined Asdic) and an offshore fieldwork in Halmahera Island appear to confirm the southward propagation of this geologic structure towards the Moluccas Collision Zone.

Philippine Trench

It represents an arc-continental collision.

. Mindoro-Panay

Dating of these rocks is essentially based on the ages of pelagic sediments covering them.

. Ophiolites and ophiolitic rocks

. This is the morphological expression of the westward subduction of the Philippine Seas Plate under the eastern Philippine Arc.

Philippine Trench

This category of metamorphic formations is represented by those rocks that can be found in North Palawan, Mindoro, Panay, and neighboring islands belonging to the Palawan-Mindoro Microcontinent.

pre-Cretaceous metamorphic rocks of continental origin

The thickness of the sedimentary fill of this east-dipping subduction zone varies between 250 and 2,600 m

Manila Trench

According to McCaffrey (1991), this active collision represents a present-day example of the emplacement of ophiolites by slivers (obduction).

Moluccas Sea

The displacement rate of the Philippine Sea Plate is

8 cm/yr

This trench appears to be linked with the Negros Trench by a left-lateral strike slip feature cutting across the Zamboanga Peninsula.

Cotabato Trench

The two corresponding active volcanic arcs of this collision consequently collided as well.

Moluccas Sea

A bathymetric link between this subduction zone and the Manila Trench is represented by a shallow trough that passes northeast off Palawan Island

Negros Trench

. A double-vergent arc-arc collision.

Moluccas Sea

. There is a corresponding active volcanic arc on the western margin of Mindanao for this trench.

Cotabato Trench

least to most stable

olivine cordierite (rings of tetrahedra) pyroxene amphibole kaolinite mica muscovite feldspar quartz

30% or 25% on some authors - 5% clasts

paraconglomerate/diamictite

energy is high and episodic clast supported with silt or sand matrix

sheetflood

high relief and typically coarse grained clast supported

alluvial

debris flow type of depostion may have matrix supported with rapid erosion

fanglomerate

little to no imbircations possibly faceted or striated

meltout/lodgement conglomerate/tillite

measures particle size distributions by measuring the angular variation in intensity of light scattered as a laser beam passes through a dispersed particulate sample. Large particles scatter light at small angles relative to the laser beam and small particles scatter light at large angles.

laser diffraction

sediments are slowly poured into an electrolyte solution where sediments will pass through where changes in the electrical field will produce pulses translating into the grain size

electro resistant size analyser

<0.35 >4.00

very well sorted extremely poor sorted

also called imbricated

sutured

disregarding the authigenic constituents refers to the utliziation of space among sediments as well as the manner of arrangement or spacing of the solid particle

grain packing

tends to be less with plag than k felds

quartz

some amounts of glauconite

greensands

containing a good of phosphatic skeletal fragmentsqq

phosphatic sandstone

2mm-10mm diameter encrusted micritw include sand silt particles grains of cyanobacteria

oncoids

>10mm non marine cave pearls

pisoids

sediments from disturbed seafloor may enter carbonare rocs

intraclasts

weathering of older carbonate rocks

extraclasts

lime mud mixed with silicate sand silt particles

marl

0.02-0.1mm in size

sparry calcite

removes aragonite to transform into calcite

meteoric

50% grrains

packestone

cretaceous-paleogene

cebu bohol sierra madre quezon camarines norte samar zamboanga mindanao

oligocene miocene

magmatic belts cordillera southern sierra madre marindiqur negros panay boh cebu masbate zamboanga s coatabato crntral and eastern mindanao

NE trending macolod coridor

taal makiling malenpuyo banahaw laguna de bai

NNW trending central mindanao volcanic zone

ragang makaturing malindang katanglad musuan hobok hibok mt.parker lanao volcanoes

sed basins

illocos central balley cagayan valley southern luzon bicol mindoro iloilo visayan sea samar agusan davao cotabato

ph fault northern segment

transpressional regime movement is both strike slip& thrust faulting north of dinaglan it branches into several BS strike slip faults

ph fault central segment

bondoc peninsula to leyte left lateral simple structure

southern segment

reactivated old notmal fauls related to formation of afusan davao basin

ph fault age and slip rate

5 Ma 2-3 cm/yr in a shear partitioning ebvi whereby it accomodates a compientn of the oblique converge between the PSP and ph archipelag

south china sea

early oligocene extension drive by the proto SCS slab pull subsequeny extension due to the collision of india and eurasia

continental crust nasement non age

nw sulu sea

early miocene back src basin of the cagayan de suli ridge

se sulu sea

eocene related with the WPB

celebes sea

jurassic trapoed india ocean lithosphere

molycca sea

rocene either trapped mahor ocean lithospeherw or related with back arc basin formation

west ph basin

early cret trapped fragments of wither the peto soutj chcina dea or the new guinea basin

hustung basin

eocene either trapped major ocean lithospehre or related with back arc basin formation

west ph basin

early miocene

manila trench

palawan trough

ealy oligocene

negros trench

late miocene-pliocene

guinlo late jurassic early cret contains olistoliths bacuit minilog liminangcong

north palawan block

tunguan schist -unduated amphibolites 24.7+/1.3ma

xanboanga peninsula

early cret volcnaic arcs

eastern ph

made the VEI

chris newhall and steve self

what lineament is corresponding to the central basin fault

WNW-WSE lineament

age of west ph basin acc to paleomagnetic data and deep see drilling

60 and 35 Ma 53 and 42 Ma

composed of a series of en echelon ridges orientation mkws n angle around 15 defrees almost E-W to its general direction Wnw-ese

central basin fault

due to a extinct mid oriented ridge that cut transversely by a series of parallel oriented N-S 2 stages with a age and direction of spreading NE-SW rate is 4.4cm/yr

60-45 Ma

opening oriented N-S RATE 1.8

46-35 Ma

2 basin origin

trapped oceanic basin back arc basin

back arc basin this would correspond to a relict volcanic arc rhat travelled to the NE during the oprning of the basin

oki daito ridge

divides west ph basin fro parece va-shikoku basin

palau kyushu ridge

a relict volcani arc of middle eocene to oligocene age

palay kyushu ridge

considered as an ancient volcanic arc active between 20 and 9 Ma relict of volcanic arc left inactive after opening the marianas basin

west marianas ridge

present day kinematics

NW displacementdirection

present day kinematic based on

slip vectors

ph kinematics

plate motion parameters including pole and rate of rotation and the instantaneous velocity

kinematic larameters of ph sea plate

rotation pole located NE of Japan displacement rate rhat varies north to south along the western edge of ph plate 3.0 cm/yr lalitude of nankai trough to 9.0 cm/yr sourhern end of ph trench displacement direction whose azimuth directed N55W near Taiwan with liners belocity of around 7.0cm/yr

ph sea ate relative movemnt changed from NNW to

WNW since 5Ma

taiwan kinematic dated 4-6 Ma manifested by a

4" degrees counterclockwise rotation of the stress field

in japan manifested by a that occurred around 2-3 Ma

30 degree counterclockwise rotatio occurred around

paleomagnetic in benhan rise dated in eocene located between

15-16 degrees north latitude located in sub equatorial latitudes

axis oriented NE-SW

south china sea basin

twi openings in south chine sea basin first stage 2nd

32&17 Manalong an E-W axis 20&17 Ma along NE-SW axis

represent an artifcat produces by a densw network of teansform faults

sub E-W anomalies

south china sea basin general opening

nw-se

consequence if the opening of xhina sea

separation of microcontinetal block from nainland china

correspond to a volcanic arc that active early miocene southern flank charac by presence of SE-dipping normal faults define contact with the SE subbasin volcanic material dated 14.7 Ma

cagayan ridge

oceanic basement covered wit ha think 1-2kn sedimentary fill basalts of the upper part present intermwdiate charac between morb and arc tholeiites

SE subbasin

oldest known sediments have been datwd

late miocene to early middle miocene

volcanic ash appeared on

6 Ma

pleistocene holocene with one volcano no well define zone along sulu trench volcanic arc considered to be in solfataric stage

sulu zamboanga arc

refwrs to oceanic basin formed on the edge of continental crust

marginal basin

90% of all auriferous deposits in the Philippines are associated with

Late Neogene hypabyssal intrusions and volcanism.

similar to those of the Visayan Sea Basi e Middle Miocene interval is represented by a widespread deformed limestone formation which presently covers almost 25% of Samar Island N-S

vSamar Basin

thickest sedimentary fill, sometimes attaining a thickness of more than 12,000 m formed over a mixed basement composed of ophiolitic and metamorphic rocks N-S trending axis and is traversed longitudinally by the Philippine Fault.

Agusan-Davao Basin

located between the active volcanic arcs of Cotabato and central Mindanao. 8,000 m

Cotabato Basin

emphasizing the linear depression that the fault exhibits in Leyte and the significance of extensional zones along the structure

"Visayan Rift

trace of the fault is essentially based from morphologic expression of Quaternary displacements Morphologic expressions of the fault include fault scarps, elongated depressions sag ponds and compressive ridges. 1,200 km from Luzon to Mindanao Left-lateral movement along the fault is also indicated by large structures it offsets such as mountain ranges (Pinet and Stephan, 1990), sedimentary basins

e Philippine Fault

Pleistocene-Holocene activity along the Philippine Fault is attested by

displacement of drainage systems elongated depressions at the foot of fault scarps

great earthquake of Luzon on July 16, 1990. This Ms 7.8 earthquake was caused by movement of a northern segment of the fault in the vicinity of

f Cabanatuan.

March 17, 1973, southern Luzon was also struck with a magnitude 7.3 earthquake with epicenter located at left-lateral displacements of 2 to 3 m

Ragay Gulf

Measurements by Mobil Corporation (Philippines) on the Miocene sedimentary facies in Mindanao show l 5 to 8 km of left-lateral displacement

w left-lateral displacements of around 28 km along the southern trace of the fault

slip rate of PH fault

2 to 3 cm/yr slip rate on the Philippine Fault from Luzon to Mindanao.

aseismic behavior may be due to of the PH FAULT

high hydrothermal flow in the crust at this segment.

Between Dingalan Bay and Lingayen Gulf, this fault segment strikes

N60°W to N45°W. It reorients to a N-S strike southwards in the Southern Sierra Madre Range

mecahnism of the PH fault

functions in a shear partitioning environment

slowest movements can be detected in Zamboanga at less

2 ± .15 cm/yr westwards

Virac Island moves the fastest at over

7 ± .17 cm/yr northwestwards.

largest extensional strain rate is detected on a NW-SE direction in

NW Panay

Slower but comparable rates are detected between

Surigao, Davao and Zamboanga

A strong westerly relative plate motion component is observed on the southernmost station in

Davao.

a prominent NW-SE trending structure also believed to be a leftlateral strike-slip fault

Cotabato Fault,

what are the roblom island group

romblon sibuyan tablaas

age of palawan ophiolite

cretaceous

age of amnay ophiolite

late oligocene

age of minilig liemstone

permian

age of guinlo formation in palawan

creatceous

example of igneous intrusion

kapoas granite

when did the Palawan-Mindoro microcontinent rifted from mainland Asia

Miocene time

what did the Palawan-Mindoro microcontinent rifted from mainland Asia gave rise to?

emplacement/juxtaposition of pre-Neogene ophiolites over Miocene formations.

arc basement rocks often exist as volcaniclastic sequences, sometimes with their plutonic and volcanic equivalents, as can be

e Luzon Cordillera and Sierra Madre Range in Luzon, the Antique Range and Negros Arc (ancient) in the Visayas, and in the East Pacific Cordillera and Daguma Range in Mindanao

sedimentary basins over

pre-Neogene

Suyo Schist, exposed largely in Suyo, Burgos, Ilocos Norte, consists of

amphibolite, quartz-biotite schist, actinolite-tremolite-talc schist and quartzite, which are mostly in fault contact with serpentinized peridotite

light to dark green, fine- to medium-grained and is characterized by planar orientation of green amphibole, chlorite, feldspar and quartz. The rock exhibits usually nematoblastic texture with large bluish green amphibole and prismatic, light-colored epidote

amphibolite schist

consisting dominantly of quartz with lesser amounts of biotite, epidote, garnet, hematite and piedmontite, occurs intimately with the amphibolite schist

quartz-biotite schist,

a product of dynamothermal metamorphism, is structurally confined along the contact of the intensely sheared serpentinized peridotite

actinolite-tremolite-talc schist

Baruyen Formation

Ilocos Peridotite

age of Pasaleng Quartz Diorite

late Early Miocene to early Middle Miocene

. A late Early Miocene to early Middle Miocene age was assigned to this intrusive unit based on its correlation with the

Itogon Quartz Diorite Complex in the Central Cordillera.

Thinly bedded sandstone and shale; conglomerate

Batac Formation named by Pinet

Age Batac Formation

late Middle Miocene to Late Miocene

also defined a Liliputen Formation for the sedimentary sequence exposed along the road

Pinili and Nueva Era

what is the equivalent of Batac Formation

Klondyke Formation of Central Cordillera

Limestone with minor calcareous conglomerate, calcirudite, calcarenite Late Miocene 200 m

Pasuquin Limestone

Pasuquin Limestone prev name

Pasuquin Arenaceous Limestone

Pasuquin Limestone equivalent

Mirador Limestone in Central Cordillera and Labayug Limestone in La Union

Sandstone with interbeds of siltstone and claystone and occasional reefal limestone and limestone breccia late Early Pliocene to Pleistocene

Laoag Formation

prev name of Laoag Formation

Laoag Marl Beds sedimentary rocks exposed along the highway between Bacarra and Laoag

Late Pleistocene 30m At Cape Bojeador, these reefs lie over the Bojeador Formation and the Pasuquin Limestone. These reefs are consolidated coral fragments and other calcareous debris

Uplifted Coral Reefs

Lower Bigbiga Limestone – micritic limestone with tuffaceous turbidite and minor chert Upper Burgos Member - Limestone, tuffaceous sandstone, siltstone and mudstone

Aksitero Formation

age of Aksitero Formation

Late Eocene - Late Oligocene

thickness of Aksitero Formation

Bigbiga limestone - 42 m Burgos Member - 78 m

consisting of micritic limestone interbedded with tuffaceous turbidites

Bigbiga limestone member

interlayered limestone and indurated calcareous and tuffaceous sandstone, siltstone and mudstone

Burgos member

Interbedded sandstone, shale, conglomerate with minor limestone; identified members are Sansotero Limestone and Malo Pungatan Limestone

Moriones Formation

Moriones Formation age and thickness

Early Miocene - early Late Miocene 1500m

regularly shaped exposures and disconnected patches in , Bigbiga in Mayantoc, Tarlac. This was considered a separate younger formation in BMG (1981) but it is included here as a member of the Moriones Formation. The limestone is massive, dirty white to greenish gray, porous with volcanic and sedimentary clasts. 8 m thick.

Sansotero Limestone

her limestone member of the Moriones Formation is called Malo area indicated as the type locality, near Caananorgan, the unit consists of calcarenites and porous coralline limestone. Other exposures may be found at Pingul area and further north, to the west of Camiling. The thickness of Malo Pungatan ranges from 3 to 4 m.

Pungatan Limestone

Lower Pau Sandstone – sandstone with minor tuffaceous shale, conglomerate and lapilli tuff Upper Aparri Gorge Sandstonesandstone with shale stringers and conglomerate lenses

Malinta Formation

age and thickness Malinta Formation

Late Miocene 574m

member consists of sandy shale grading southward to coarse quartz sandstone to tuffaceous pebbly sandstone overlain by a thick sandstone section with minor amounts of coarse sandy tuffaceous shale and conglomerate

Pau Sandstone

member is a well-cemented quartz sandstone with occasional shale stringers and conglomerate lenses.

Aparri Gorge

Interbedded sandstone, shale, conglomerate

Tarlac Formation

age and thickness of Late Miocene - Early Pliocene

Late Miocene - Early Pliocene 1200m

Turbiditic sandstone and shale with minor conglomerate

Amlang Formation

age and thickness of Amlang Formation

Late Miocene – Early Pliocene 1620m

prev name of Amlang Formation

Amlang Member of Rosario Formation

was previously subdivided into a lower Amlang Member and an upper Aringay Member.

Rosario Formation

he sandstone beds in the Amlang Formation are more predominant, which Lorentz (1984) designates as the

Cupang Sandstone

Mainly tuffaceous sandstone, with interbeds of siltstone, shale and conglomerate and minor limestone lenses.

Cataguintingan Formation

age and thickness of Cataguintingan Formation

Late Pliocene Thickness 1,100 m at the type locality, and 900 m in the south up to 2,600 m in the north

prev name of Cataguintingan Formation

Linao Sandstone member

sandstone, calcarenite, siltstone, limestone and marl

Damortis Formation

age and thickness of Damortis Formation

Pleistocene Thickness 50-200 m

To the north, resting on the Amlang Formation at Bacnotan is the 20-m thick

Bacnotan Limestone

Tuffaceous sandstone and lapilli tuff with basal conglomerate

Bamban Formation

age of Bamban Formation

pleistocene

Spilitic and basic to intermediate volcanic flows and breccias with intercalated metasedimentary rocks

Barenas-Baito Formation

age of Barenas-Baito Formation

Late Cretaceous

Angat Ophiolite, and is therefore below the Maybangain Formation and equivalent to the

Kinabuan Formation.

used by Revilla and Malaca (1987), this unit includes the pillow basalt of the socalled

Angat Ophiolite

volcaniclastic member of the

Maybangain Formation

southern Sierra Madre and the Coronel and

Dingalan formations

Andesite flows, pyroclastic rocks, siltstone, sandstones, conglomerates with limestone lenses

Bayabas Formation

prev name of Bayabas Formation

Bayabas Metavolcanics

age of Bayabas Formation

Late Eocene - Early Oligocene

The lower part contains Late Eocene to Early Oligocene small foraminiferal species called

Cassigerinella eocena Corday

The Bayabas Formation is therefore considered Late Eocene to Early Oligocene in age and not Late Eocene to Early Miocene. It is partly equivalent to the

Maybangain Formation

Lower calcareous shale and sandstone member; Upper limestone member

Angat Formation

prev name of Angat Formation

Angat Limestone

age and thickness of Angat Formation

Early Miocene Thickness 1,950 m

lower Clastic Member – sandstone; silty shale; middle Alagao Volcanics – andesite flow, pyroclastic breccia, tuffs, graywacke, argillite; upper Buenacop Limestone

Madlum aFormation

agw and thickness of Madlum Formation

Middle Miocene Thickness: > 1,000 m

They also included in this formation the upper metavolcanic member of the

Sibul Formation

upper tuffaceous member of the

Quezon Formation

extensively distributed in an almost continuously exposed belt between Angat and Peñaranda rivers. It is a thick sequence of thin to thick bedded sandstone and silty shale with minor basal conglomerate and occasional limy sandstone interbeds

Clastic Member

designate the sequence of pyroclastic breccia, tuffs, argillites, indurated graywacke and andesite flows exposed in Alagao, San Ildefonso, Bulacan. Its type locality, as designated by Gonzales and others (1971), is the section along the San Ildefonso-Akle road. The metavolcanic member of the Sibul Formation of Corby and others (1951) and the andesite-basalt sequence in the Rodriguez-Teresa area. Rizal are included in this member. Generally, the rock unit is purplish gray in fresh surfaces but weathers into brick-red to purple shades.

Alagao Volcanic

designate the limestone sequence exposed at Barangay Buenacop, San Ildefonso, Bulacan with type section along Ganlang River. It also occurs as narrow discontinuous strips formed by a series of almost north-south aligned low ridges and several small patches between Sta. Maria and Sumacbao rivers. The limestone in the lower part is thin to medium bedded, crystalline, slightly tuffaceous, porous with numerous fragments of volcanic rocks, chert nodules, and detrital crystals of mafic minerals

Buenacop Limestone

Tuffaceous shale, sandstone, conglomerate

Lambak Formation

age and thickness of Lambak Formation

Late Miocene Thickness > 1,000 m

Tuffaceous sandstone, mudstone Stratigraphic relations Unconformable over the Madlum Formation

Makapilapil Formation

age and thickness of Makapilapil Formation

Late Miocene Thickness 500 – 800 m

Mudstone, sandstone

Tartaro Formation

age of Tartaro Formation

Late Miocene to Early Pliocene

Alat Conglomerate member – conglomerate, sandstone, mudstone, Diliman Tuff member – tuff, pyroclastic breccia, tuffaceous sandstone

Guadalupe Formation

age and thickness of Guadalupe Formation

Pleistocene Thickness 1,500 – 2,200 m

crops out along Sapang Alat, about 3 km north of the Novaliches Reservoir and forms an extensive outcrop belt underlying the hills and lowlands in eastern Bulacan and southeastern Nueva Ecija. The Alat is a sequence of conglomerates, sandstones and mudstones. The conglomerate, which is the most predominant rock type, is massive, poorly sorted with well-rounded pebbles and small boulders of underlying rocks cemented by coarse-grained, calcareous and sandy matrix.

Alat Conglomerate

between Santa Maria and Balu rivers in Bulacan. It also covers large portions of Pasig City, Makati City, southern Rizal province and adjoining areas. The whole sequence is flat-lying, medium to thin bedded and consists of finegrained vitric tuffs and welded pyroclastic breccias with minor fine- to medium-grained tuffaceous sandstone. Dark mafic minerals and bits of pumiceous and scoriaceous materials are dispersed in the glassy tuff matrix.

Diliman Tuff

Basalt, volcanic breccia, fragmental flow, pyroclastic rocks, sandstone, mudstone, minor chert

Pugo Formation

age and thickness Pugo Formation

Cretaceous – Eocene Thickness over 1,000 m and may reach 1,600 m

prev name of Pugo Formation

Pugo Series

rocks exhibit considerable effects of low-grade metamorphism (greenschist facies) and even mapped separately as

Dalupirip Schist

The equivalent of the Pugo Formation in the Cervantes-Bontoc area is

Lepanto Metavolcanics,

Lower member - Volcanic flows, breccia, and tuff, Upper member - Volcanic conglomerate, sandstone, tuff

Malitep Formation

age and thickness of Late Eocene Thickness Lower member – 750 m; Upper member –

Late Eocene Thickness Lower member – 750 m; Upper member – 1,700 m

exposed along Layacan River west of Besao is composed chiefly of basalt, basaltic andesite and pyroclastic rocks intercalated with 2-m thick limestone. Formation II is made up of andesite lava and andesitic pyroclastic rocks with intercalated limestone lenses, reaching up to 50 m thick along Malibcong River in Abra

e Licuan I formation

considered equivalent to the Malitep Formation, also contains limestone lenses up to 50 m thick in the Abra area

Licuan II formation,

Lower member – limestone, biomicrite, biosparite Upper member – red and green mudstones with minor conglomerate;

Sagada Formation

prev name of Sagada Formation

Sagada Limestone

age and thickness ofSagada Formation

Late Eocene – Early Oligocene Thickness >200 m and may reach 400 m.

A large part of the Sagada Formation apparently corresponds to the Ti

Tineg Formation

also be equivalent to the upper member of the Sagada Formation

Apaoan Volcaniclastics

lower limestone member of the Sagada Formation is correlated with the

Columbus Formation

Hornblende quartz diorite, tonalite, granodiorite, quartz monzodiorite, pyroxene-bearing diorite, hornblende diorite, monzodiorite, minor gabbro

Central Cordillera Diorite Complex

age Central Cordillera Diorite Complex

Late Oligocene

prev name of Central Cordillera Diorite Complex

Agno Batholith

Conglomerate, sandstone, shale, with minor limestone and interbeds of volcanic flows and tuff

Zigzag Formation

age and thickness of Late Oligocene – Early Miocene Thickness 1,700 m and may even reach 3,000 m

Late Oligocene – Early Miocene Thickness 1,700 m and may even reach 3,000 m

prev name of Zigzag Formation

Zigzag Series

exposed along the Baguio-Cagayan Basin Road, is correlated with the Zigzag Formation. It lies above the Columbus Formation. It outcrops between Bokod Fault to the west and Pingkian to the east formation consists of red and green beds of tuffs, volcanic sandstones and andesitic conglomerates whose total thickness could exceed 1,000 m.

Bokod Formation

s best exposed along Sabangan River near Bauko. It was named by geologists of Lepanto Consolidated Mining Company for the thick sequence of sandstones, volcanic conglomerates, basalt flows, andesitic pyroclastics and breccia forming the Balili Cliffs on the western flank of Mt. Data.

Balili Formation

Massive biohermal limestone with associated calcarenite and calcirudite and minor mudstone

Kennon Limestone

age and thickness

late Early Miocene – early Middle Miocene Thickness 240 m at the type locality

Towards the top, the limestone grades into a bioherm-mudstone complex with a thickness of 52 m, which was separately named by Durkee and Pederson (1961) as member of the Kennon Limestone.

Twin Peaks Formation

the Cervantes-Bontoc area is considered equivalent to the Kennon Limestone. This limestone is about 100 m thick and was dated Early to Middle Miocene, probably Middle Miocene

Butac Limestone

Hornblende quartz diorite, tonalite, minor gabbro

Itogon Quartz Diorite

age of Itogon Quartz Diorite

Middle Miocene

Lower member - Polymictic conglomerates Upper member – Sandstone, mudstone, shale with minor conglomerate, limestone, calcarenite and calcirudite

Klondyke Formation

age andn thickness Klondyke Formation

late Middle Miocene to early Late Miocene Thickness 2,820 m at the type locality; up to 3,500 for the Marcos Highway section

prev name of Klondyke Series

Klondyke Series

These conglomerates with interbeds of alternating gray to black siltstones and sandstones were earlier defined as verlying the volcaniclastics of the Balili Formation

Suyoc Conglomerate

Porous to massive coralline limestone

Mirador Limestone

age and thickness

Late Miocene Thickness > 120 m

probably equivalent to the Mirador Limestone. This massive, cream to pink limestone body is 150 m thick and reported to be confined within the pyroclastic beds of Klondyke Formation, about 200 m above its base

e Copias Limestone

ype locality is at the Northern Cement quarry in barrio Labayug, Sison, Pangasinan. The nature of the contact with the underlying Klondyke Formation is not clear, since it is hidden, while its contact with the overlying Amlang Formation at Sapid Creek is gradational.

Labayug Limestone

Tuff, andesite, basalt, volcanic breccia, conglomerate

Baguio Formatio

age and thickness of Baguio Formation

Late Miocene – Early Pliocene Thickness > 100 m

The poorly indurated conglomerate is equivalent to the

Irisan Formation

Quartz diorite porphyry

Black Mountain Quartz Diorite

age of Black Mountain Quartz Diorite

Late Miocene - Pliocene

Andesites, lamprophyres, appinites

Balacbac Andesite

age of Balacbac Andesite

Late Miocene - Pliocene

prev name of Balacbac Andesite

Emerald Creek Complex

Dacite, breccias, pyroclastic rocks

Mankayan Dacitic Complex

age Mankayan Dacitic Complex

Late Pliocene – Pleistocene

prev name Mankayan Dacitic Complex

Imbaguila / Bato Dacite Porphyry

dacitic rocks in mankayan were named as

s Imbaguila Dacite Porphyry, and Bato Dacite Porphyry

Sandstone, conglomerate, with minor dacitic tuff, ignimbrite

Malaya Formation

age and thickness Malaya Formation

Pleistocene Thickness 1,200 m

Dacite, andesite, pyroclastic rocks, lahar

Pleistocene – Recent Volcanic Centers

age of Pleistocene – Recent Volcanic Centers

Late Pleistocene - Recent

thin veneer of ash fall in Lapangan, near the mine area of Lepanto Consolidated Mining Co younger value was given for the

Lapangan Tuff,

oldest rocks are Late Miocene (9 - 7 Ma) andesitic flows that are exposed at the central isthmus of the island

Batan Island

e highly porphyritic and range from basalts to hornblende-orthopyroxene acid andesites.

Mt. Matarem

ndicates calcalkaline basalts and basaltic andesites ranging in age from 3.8 to 2.9 Ma, and possibly equivalent to the Mt. Matarem products on Batan.

Sabtang Island

five volcanic centers of the island, namely Cayonan, Naydi, Dionisio, Mt. Pangasun, and Mt. Babuyan, consist mainly of a succession of calc-alkaline andesitic and basaltic andesitic lava flows

Babuyan de Claro Island

he northern part of the island is made up of a Mio-Pliocene (3-7 Ma) calc-alkaline andesite shield volcano with effusive vents. Volcanic centers, namely,

Camiguin Island

located approximately 30 km west of the main volcanic axis of the Luzon arc (Batan – Babuyan – Camiguin - Mt. Cagua). It is significantly older than the other islands (approximately 7 - 4 Ma) except for Batan's oldest units

Calayan Island

This active volcano is considered part of the Babuyan segment, though located in the northernmost part of Luzon, because it falls within the N-S trend of the Northern Luzon extinct volcanic centers.

Mt. Cagua Volcano

Basalt, andesite, pyroclastic rocks, sandstone, shale

Abuan Formation

age of Abuan Formation

eocene

prev name of Abuan Formation

Abuan River Formation

The Abuan is probably partly equivalent to the

Caraballo Group

The Abuan Formation may be correlated with the

Mt. Cresta Formation,

considered as the basement of the Cagayan Valley sedimentary sequence in BMG (1981), may be regarded as partly equivalent to the Abuan Formation

Dumatata Formation

Volcanic flows, breccias, pyroclastic rocks, sandstone, conglomerate, siltstone, mudstone

Dibuluan Formation

age of Dibuluan Formation

early oligocene

prev name Dibuluan Formation

Dibuluan River Formation

This formation is partly equivalent to the

Dumatata Formation

The Dibuluan could also be correlated with the Oligocene could be correlated with the

Masipi Green Tuff Mamparang Formation

The Dibuluan Formation may also be considered as partly equivalent to the

Lower Zigzag Formation

Limestone, calcarenite, calcirudite

Ibulao Limestone

age of Ibulao Limestone

Late Oligocene

Limestone, calcarenite, calcirudite

Sicalao Limestone

age and thickness of Sicalao Limestone

Late Oligocene (?) Thickness 546 m

Sandstone, mudstone, shale, claystone, conglomerate

Lubuagan Formation

age and thickness Lubuagan Formation

Late Oligocene - Early Miocene Thickness 2,700 m

prev name of lubuagan formation

Lubuagan Coal Measures

named after Balbalan, a barrio along Mabaca River between Saltan and Pasil rivers in Kalinga- Apayao. It is composed dominantly of fine- to coarse-grained sandstone and conglomerate

Balbalan Sandstone Member

It consists mainly of interbedded shale and graywacke. The member has a thickness of about 1500 m

lower Asiga Member

haracterized by the predominance of dark gray silty claystone with occasional thin graywacke beds

upper Buluan Member

spanning the age range of Late Oligocene to Early Miocene may be considered equivalent to the Lubuagan Formation

e Upper Zigzag Formation

Limestone, conglomerate, sandstone, shale

Callao Formation

age and thickness of Callao Formation

Middle Miocene Thickness 540 - 1,000 m

The Callao Formation is equivalent to the outcrops at the southern end of the Cagayan Valley Basin

Aglipay Formation

Calcareous shale and sandstone; limestone; siltstone; conglomerate

Cabagan Formation

age and thickness of Cabagan Formation

Late Miocene – Early Pliocene Thickness 750-1,000 m

Sandstone, conglomerate, shale

Ilagan Formation

age and thickenss of Ilagan Formation

Late Pliocene – Early Pleistocene Thickness 2,200 m

prev name of Ilagan Formation

Ilagan Sandstone

Dacitic tuff, tuffaceous sandstone

Awiden Mesa Formation

age of Awiden Mesa Formation

Late Pleistocene Thickness 300 m

The formation is probably equivalent to the awiden

Tabuk Formation

Amphibolite, peridotite, pyroxenite, dunite, gabbro, serpentinite

Dinagat Ophiolite

age and prev name of Dinagat Ophiolite

Cretaceous (?) Previous name Ultramafic rocks

2 part s of dinagat ophiolite

Humandum Serpentinite Pangulanganan Basalt

Patnanongan Formation reports a nannoplankton age dating of early Middle Miocene for the lower part of this formation. An age range of early Middle Miocene to Late Miocene is adopted here

billedo

Langoyen Limestone age and thickness

late Early Miocene – early Middle Miocene Thickness 56 m (maximum)

who anmed langyoen limestone

billedo

underlying low gentle hills and scattered as small patches along the eastern coast, north and south of Bordeos appears to be discontinuous, lenticular, and partly coralline, with a maximum thickness of 56 m crops out along Bordeos River, Sumuot Creek and at Sabang within the municipality of Bordeos. The limestone unconformably overlies a thin sequence of dark gray to green sandstone belonging to the upper portions of the Bordeos Formation. An age range of late Early Miocene to early Middle Miocene is adopted

Langoyen Limestone

Microfossils in arkosic limestone sampled by Billedo (1994) also indicate a Late Oligocene to Early Miocene age for the formation

Bordeos Formation

Billedo (1994) considers the limestone bodies as the upper member of the Anawan Formation and designated it as the

Babacolan Limestone Member

equivalent to the Lubi Formation of Magpantay

Anawan Formation

was given preference by Billedo (1994) and adopted here because the section at Anawan is considered more complete.

Anawan Formation

Pyroxenite, gabbro, amphibolite, pillow basalt

Buhang Ophiolitic Complex

age of Buhang Ophiolitic Complex

Cretaceous

prev name of Buhang Ophiolitic Complex

Buhang Point Meta-ophiolite

named by Billedo (1994) Buhang Point Meta-ophiolite for the exposures of serpentinized pyroxenite, gabbros and minor amphibolite at Buhang Point, Polillo Island volcanic carapace of the ophiolites is represented by outcrops of pillow basalts in Polillo Island, Jomalig Island and Canaway Island (at the eastern extremity of Jomalig Island). In Polillo Island, an outcrop along the beach shows pillow basalt together with its reddish pelagic interstices s show an island arc affinity

Buhang Ophiolite

The Buhang Ophiolite is probably equivalent to the meta-ophiolites designated as

Katablingan Metamorphics

The Buhang is also correlated to the found in northeastern Luzon and is thought to represent the metamorphosed equivalent of the Isabela Ophiolite

Dibut Bay Meta-ophiolite

Calcareous sandstones and mudstone

Palanan Formation

age of Palanan Formation

late Middle Miocene – early Late Miocene

was thought to underlie the Kanaipang Limestone this formation actually rests unconformably over the older Kanaipang Limestone. made up of thickly bedded sequence of calcareous sandstone and indurated mudstone.

Palanan Formation

age and thickness of Aglipay Limestone

Middle Miocene Thickness 200 m at the type locality

prev name of Aglipay Limestone

Aglipay Formation

light pink limestone exposed near Aglipay, Quirino in the lower reaches of Addalam River Billedo (1994) reports an average thickness of around 200 m at the type locality. It probably corresponds to the Middle Miocene Macde Limestone of Hashimoto and others (1978) exposed near Macde, some 20 km southwest of Bayombong, Nueva Vizcaya

Aglipay Limestone

Coralline limestone with associated calcilutite and calcarenite

Kanaipang Limestone

age of Kanaipang Limestone

Early Miocene

mall, nearly flat-lying, isolated patches of limestone near the shoreline between Dinapique and Palanan rest unconformably over peridotites of the Isabela Ophiolite basal conglomerate of the formation also contains numerous subrounded to rounded clasts of peridotite, gabbro and reddish to greenish volcanic rocks in a calcareous matrix Southwest of Palanan, the basal part of the formation resting on the peridotites consists of interbeds of calcilutite, calcarenite and massive coralline limestone

Kanaipang Limestone

defined by Billedo (1994) with type locality along Disubini River at the southern portion of San Ildefonso Peninsula is apparently equivalent to the Sta. Fe Formation. outcrops in the interior and along the eastern shoreline between Palanan and Dinapique, Isabela composed of a lower limestone member and an upper turbidite member. The limestone member, which is about 20- 25 m thick, unconformably overlies the ultramafic rocks of the Isabela Ophiolite. The upper turbidite member consists of shale-sandstone interbeds with minor thin layers of limestone. The upper member is often in fault contact with the lower limestone member although the turbidite sequence was observed to rest conformably over the limestone in Sto. Niño.

Disubini Formation

Three local exposures of the limestone member have been observed to lie unconformably over the plutonic rocks of the Dupax Diorite Complex and he basaltic clastic rocks of the

Caraballo Formation

lower member - limestone upper member - clastic rocks

Sta. Fe Formation synonym is disubini

age and thickness of Sta. Fe Formation

Late Oligocene – Early Miocene Thickness 800 m

The agglomerates found in Aburao Creek are reddish on weathered surfaces and contain well-bedded angular green and red siltstone and mudstone probably reworked from the underlying

Caraballo Formation

has observed an outcrop of volcanic conglomerate identified with Mamparang Formation to lie unconformably on the pelagic volcaniclastic rocks of the Caraballo Formation at the mouth of the Dikapanikian River, north of Dingalan, Nueva Ecija Basalt and andesite flows, tuff breccia, tuff and minor dacitic rocks, mudstone and limestone

Mamparang Formation

age and thickenss of Mamparang Formation

late Early Oligocene Thickness 4,000 m

Quartz diorites, including tonalite and granodiorite, having similar ages as the diorites at Dupax, which are exposed in the axial part of northern Sierra Madre, were designated by Billedo (1994) as the

Northern Sierra Madre Batholith

the diorites of Caraballo (otherwise known as

Dupax Batholith

Pillow basalt, pelagic limestone consists mainly of pillow basalts interstratified with steeply dipping pelagic limestones, which Billedo (1994) considers as distinct from the Bicobian Basalt and Dikinamaran Chert formation is distributed along the coast of Palanan from Dipaguiden to Dibuaka unconformable over the Isabela Ophiolite as well as with the overlying Kanaipang Limestone and Palanan Formation. Radiometric K-Ar dating of a sample of the basalt indicates an age of 87 Ma, equivalent to Late Cretaceous

Dibuakag Volcanic Complex

age and thickness of Dibuakag Volcanic Complex

Late Cretaceous Thickness 800 m

Dibuakag (also known as

Kananalatiang Point

Outcrops of greenschists along Dalugan Bay at the eastern coast of San Ildefonso Peninsula could be weakly metamorphosed equivalents of the Dibuakag Volcanic Complex. These are elongated or stretched pillow basalts, schistose volcanic breccia and andesitic flow with marble lenses and associated phyllites and greenschists. South of Baler, greenschists and highly silicified lithic tuffs were also encountered. These rocks were named by Billedo (1994) as

Dalugan Schist

s Dalugan Schist. It may be correlated with the

Quidadanom Schist of Polillo Island.

Peridotite, massive and layered gabbro, sheeted dike complex, pillow basalt, pelagic sedimentary rocks Constitutes the basement of northern Sierra Madre; unconformably overlain by the Dibuakag Volcanic Complex Distribution Coastal strip from Dinapique Point to Bicobian, Isabela; Baler, Quezon; San Ildefonso Peninsula Age Early Cretaceous consists of an ultramafic complex, gabbros and associated pillow basalt and pelagic sedimentary rocks as well as their metamorphic equivalents.

Isabela Ophiolite NORTHERN SIERRA MADRE - CARABALLO (SG 4)

The ultramafic rocks are extensively exposed along the coast from Dinapique Point northwards to Divilacan Bay, which was designated by Aurelio and Billedo (1987) as

s Isabela Ultramafic Complex consist mostly of peridotite with subordinate dunite and pyroxenite, which are almost completely serpentinized and intruded in some places by diabasic dikes

Pillow basalt, represented by Bicobian Basalt, was found to be in thrust contact with the overlying pelagic Dikinamaran Chert in Bicobian, Isabela. The Dikinamaran Chert was previously named Dikinamaran River Pelagics by

billedo

Metamorphosed equivalents of the Isabela Ophiolite are found eastsoutheast of Baler and in San Ildefonso Peninsula, named by Billedo (1994) as A sample of the amphibolite gave a radiometric 40Ar39Ar dating of 92 Ma, equivalent to early Late Cretaceous, which is considered as indicative of the age of metamorphism of the ophiolite

Dibut Bay Metaophiolite

Calcareous sandstone sampled in the lower portion of the formation yielded large foraminifera indicating a Late Miocene age, while nannofossils from a shale sample from the upper portion were dated Late Miocene to late Early Pliocene (NN7 and NN11) as reported by

Aurelio and Billedo

Recent paleontological dating of samples of the Lubuagan Formation indicates an age range of late Late Oligocene (nannofossil zone NP25) to Early Miocene (nannofossil zones NN2- NN3) as reported by

Billedo

ibulao limestone thickness acc to billedo

200-450 m for the limestone in the eastern side of the valley.

A shale sample collected at the base of the overlying Lubuagan Formation at Dibuluan River yielded nannofossils of biochronological zone NP25 or late Late Oligocene, suggesting the upper limit of the

Ibulao Limestone (

It embodies the principal position of the westward-dipping monoclinal structure of the Cagayan Basin. It unconformably overlies the Abuan Formation and is unconformably overlain by the Ibulao Limestone along Dibuluan River and elsewhere in the southeastern end of the referring to the dibuluan fromation

Cagayan Valley Basin

Unconformable over the Bordeos Formation Distribution eastern coast of Polillo Island

Langoyen Limestone

Constitutes the basement of Polillo Island; overlain by Bordeos Formation Distribution Buhang Point and Sabang Polillo Island; Jomalig and Canaway Islands

Buhang Ophiolitic Complex

Unconformable over the Kanaipang Limestone Distribution Palanan, Isabela

Palanan Formation

Unconformable over the Caraballo Formation Distribution Aglipay, Quirino

Aglipay Limestone

Unconformable over Isabela Ophiolite Distribution Dinapique and Palanan, Isabela

Kanaipang Limestone

Unconformable over Dupax Diorite and Caraballo Formation Distribution Natbang – Sta. Fe – Dalton Pass, Nueva Vizcaya; Baler, Quezon

Sta. Fe Formation

Unconformable over the Isabela Ophiolite Distribution Palanan, Isabela

Dibuakag Volcanic Complex

Constitutes the basement of northern Sierra Madre; unconformably overlain by the Dibuakag Volcanic Complex Distribution Coastal strip from Dinapique Point to Bicobian, Isabela; Baler, Quezon; San Ildefonso Peninsula

Isabela Ophiolite

Unconformable over the Dibuluan Formation; unconformably overlain by the Lubuagan Formation Distribution Kiangan Valley, Ifugao; Maddela and Bayombong Nueva Vizcaya; Jones and Cabagan, Isabela

Ibulao Limestone

Lower sandstone and upper limestone members Stratigraphic relations Unconformable over Taragona Conglomerate Distribution Pacific Coast from Manay to south of Cateel River Age Early – Late Pleistocene

Manay Formation

Piedmontite schist, quartzofeldspathic schist, quartz-chlorite-sericite schist, amphibolite schist Stratigraphic relations Unconformably overlain by the Kiamba Formation Distribution Salbuyon and Apno creeks, southeastern part of the Cotabato Cordillera (Daguma Range) Age Cretaceous (?)

Salbuyon Schist

prev name of Salbuyon Schist

Salbuyon Formation

Hornblende diorite Stratigraphic relations Intrudes Salbuyon Schist and Kiamba Formation Kiamba, Maasin and Bagumbayan, South Cotabato Age Early Oligocene

Daguma Diorite

Conglomerate, sandstone, mudstone, limestone Stratigraphic relations Conformable above the Nakal Formation Distribution Patut Creek, western North Cotabato Age Middle Miocene Thickness 900 m – 1,150 m

Patut Formation

prev anem of Patut Formation

Patut Sandstone and Conglomerate

Volcanic and volcaniclastic rocks Stratigraphic relations Capped by limestone Age Early Miocene (?) Named by MGB (this volume)

Malita Formation

Conformable over the Pangyan Formation Distribution Upper Glan and Big Lun rivers Age Middle Miocene Thickness ~ 915 m

Glan Formation

Limestone, sandstone, shale, conglomerate Stratigraphic relations Unconformable over the Buayan Formation Distribution Coastal areas from Malapatan in the north to Mananda in the south and northeastern part of Sarangani Bay; Latian and Dimulok rivers Age Pliocene - Pleistocene Thickness ~ 400 m

Gumasa Formation

constitutes Balut Island south of Saranggani Peninsula representing the northernmost volcano of the present day Sangihe arc. It stands 1,800 above the seafloor but only 883 m is above sea level (Comvol, 1981). Products from this inactive volcano are basaltic.

Balut Volcano

The southern Pacific Cordillera consists of several massifs in tectonic contact with one another, which may be affiliated either with the Philippine arc or the

Pujada Ophiolite

Amphibolite, dunite, peridotite, gabbro, volcanic and sedimentary rocks Stratigraphic relations Overlain by the Tagabakid and Sigaboy Formations Distribution Pujada Peninsula; New Bataan, Compostela Valley, Maragusan Valley Age Cretaceous

Pujada Ophiolite

The west dipping Pujada Ophiolite includes the

Ansuwang Amphibolite, Magpapangi Greenschist, Surop Peridotite, Nagas Peridotite, Matalao Gabbro, Lumao Diabase, Kalunasan Basalt and Iba Formation

Amphibolite Stratigraphic relations Below the Surop Ultramafic Complex and thrusted over the Kalunasan Basalt Distribution Ansuwang Creek; Tagbibi; Malibago

Ansuwang Amphibolite

The amphibolites are structurally below the

Surop Peridotite and thrusted over the Kalunasan Basalt and the greenschists

Actinolite schist, chlorite schist, antigorite schist Stratigraphic relations Thrusted over the Surop Peridotite Distribution Magpapangi; Tagugpo

Magpapangi Greenschist

Harzburgite, lherzolite, dunite, serpentinite Stratigraphic relations Above the Ansuwang Amphibolite; thrusted against the Kalunasan Basalt; overlain by Sigaboy Clastics Distribution Surop River; Ilihan and Andap creeks Previous Name Surop Ultramafics

Surop Peridotite

n the central portion of the peninsula, a narrow metamorphic belt, 50 m to 200 m wide, designated as

Tagugpo Schist,

This group name was introduced by Hashimoto and Sato (1973) to include the

Bacuit, Minilog, Liminangcong and Guinlo formations, exposed in the Malampaya Sound area in northern Palawan

Sandstone, altered tuff, calcareous sandstone, chert and slate Stratigraphic relations Unconformable over the Barton Metamorphics (Reyes, 1971) and conformably overlain by the Minilog Limestone. Distribution Manmegmeg Bay, south of Bacuit (formerly El Nido town); Dilumacad Island, Barboring Bay, southern part of Natnat Island, north of Bacuit, Casian Island and the southern coast of Cadlao Island Age Middle Permian to Late Permian Thickness About 1500-4500 m (BMG, 1972); the chert is about 1000 m in the Calamian Islands

Bacuit Formation

he name Bacuit was first used by Reyes (1971) for the sequence of shales, sandstones, conglomerate and limestone unconformably overlying the Barton Metamorphics. Its type locality is in the town of Bacuit, the old name of El Nido municipality. It was later termed

Bacuit Chert

Limestone Stratigraphic relations One of the exotic blocks in the olistostrome of northern Palawan; apparently overlies the Bacuit Formation Distribution Minilog Island; west coast of Inabamalaki Island, west coast of El Nido town; Cudugman Point on Bacuit Bay, limestone pinnacles in the islands of the Cuyo Group of Islands; some islets of the Tara Group Age Late Permian to Middle Triassic Thickness 100-300 meters

Minilog Limestone

prev name of Minilog Limestone

Minilog Formation

Chert/radiolarite, black slate, tuff Stratigraphic relations Considered part of an olistostrome but noted to underlie the Coron Limestone and unconformably rest on the Minilog Limestone Distribution Liminangcong coast at the northern part of Malampaya Sound; widely distributed in the northern part of mainland Palawan including the Calamian Group of Islands Late Permian to Late Jurassic Thickness 500 - 1,000 m

Liminangcong Formation

equivalent to the Coron Formation

King Ranch Formation and Malajon Limestone

Sandstone, conglomerate Stratigraphic relations Unconformable over the Coron Formation and overlain by the Maytiguid Limestone Distribution Guinlo Point, at Malampaya Sound; other places in the vicinity of Malampaya Sound; Mabin, Maytiguid, Ariara, Cagbatang, Inoulay, Imorigue Islands Age Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous Named by Hashimoto and Sato (1973) Correlation Mansiol Conglomerate (Teves, 1953) at Mindoro

Guinlo Formation

Muscovite schist, graphite schist, quartzite Stratigraphic relations Stratigraphically below the Concepcion Phyllite Distribution Caramay, Roxas; major rivers around Roxas; Tinitian Area; San Vicente; northwest of Tumarbong Age Cretaceous

Caramay Schist

Hornblende quartz diorite, andesite porphyry, biotite tonalite porphyry and other intermediate porphyries Stratigraphic relations Intrudes Marinduque, TaluntunanTumicob, San Antonio and Torrijos Formations Distribution Lobo, Mahinhin-Puting Buhangin, Tumagabok Age late Early Miocene

Lobo Quartz Diorite

Siltstone, sandstone, conglomerate Stratigraphic relations Unconformable over the Gasan Formation Distribution Boac; northwestern coastal area Age Early Pliocene - Pleistocene Thickness 400 m

Boac Formation

Sandstone, shale, mudstone, limestone, conglomerate Stratigraphic relations Unconformable over the Panaon Limestone Distribution Vigo River Valley; widespread along the length of the peninsula Age Early – Middle Miocene Thickness 2,530 m

Vigo Formation

Previous name Vigo Shale

Vigo Formation

Tabgon Flysch – conglomerate, graywacke, shale, siltstone Ragas Olistostrome – sandstone, siltstone, shale matrix with blocks of limestone, andesites, wackes, siltstone Stratigraphic relations Not reported Distribution Easternmost part of the peninsula from Tabgon to Ragas Point and from Guijalo to Rungus Point Age Middle – Late Eocene

Caramoan Formation

immediately northwest of Tabgon, a rhythmically interbedded sequence of fine and coarse graywacke, siltstone, shale and conglomerates shows a typical flysch sequence. The conglomerates, which form the lower part of the sequence, contain clasts of volcanic rocks, quartz and occasional metamorphic rocks. The upper part consists of regular interbeds of graywacke and shale

Tabgon Flysch

PH land area

119, 268 sq. miles

PH land area

119, 268 sq. miles

coastline of ph

207,749 miles

northernmost island with the native name Y'Ami

Mavulis

southernmost island

Salaug

age of west ph basin acc to paleomagnetic data

60-35 Ma

age of west ph basin acc to deep see drilling

53-42 Ma

age of parece vela

30 Ma

shikoku age

10Ma

marianas basin age

6 Ma

age of west marianas ridge

20-9 Ma

which directin is scs bound to ph archipelago

depth of scs

4km

NW subbasin thickness of sulu sea basin

6-8 km

SE subbasin thickness

1-2 km

dip of ph trench

4-15

inclinationg and plunge of ph treench

20 and plunges 45

dip of east luzon

16-18

dip of manila trench

22-13

depth of manila trench

5100m

thickness of sed fill of manila trench

250-2600 m

dip of cotabato trench

6 N

dip of nwgros trench

10N

active volcanic arc in mindanao margin

western

upper oligocene middle eocene marine

ilocos central luzon basin

pre paleogeme ophiolitic basement and cretaceous paleogeme arc sequences sed fill 8100m

cagayan valley basin

4600 sed fill

southern luzon bicol basin

ophiolitic crust

mindoro basin

paleogene vonaic brly 5000m sed fill

iloilo basin

installed unconformably over deformed volcaniclastic basement 4000 msed fill

visayan sea basin

middle kiocene widespread limestone covers 25% island

samar basin

lower niocene volcaniclastics unconformably overlie a mixed basement of ophiolites and metamorphic rock

upper oligocene lower miocene of samar basin

thickest sed fill 12000m

agusan davao basin

sed fill is 8000m

cotabato basin

when id the au cu vein mineratlixation occurs in eastern mindanao

eocene-miocene

length of ph fault

1200 kn luzon to mindanao

where did the ms 7.8 earthquake dur to movement of northern segment of fault occurred

vicinit tof cabanatuan

transpressional regime where movement is both by strike slip and thrust faulting

northern segment NW Luzon to Lanon Bay

stretch kf guingayan

30km

bounds eastern flank of agusan davao basin

southern segment mindanao and molucca sea

easter flank of agusan davao basin

southern segment:mindanao and moluccas

what is the strike in surigao

N10-20W

strike in davao

N-S

decreased 2.4 cm/ye in surigao to about 1.0 cm/yr in davao

mati fault

right lateral strike slip center of metropolitan manila obly 5km

Marikina Valley active fault system

left lateral NE-SW quaternary volcanism

macolod corridor

left lateral cuts trhough manila trench

lubang verse

right lateral

mindoro aglubang fault

left lateral offshore north of masbate

sibuyan fault

left lateral SE trending lineat from pascao in the ragay fault area passing tholrough lake bato

legaspi lineament

right lateral tectonic boundary between mindoro and palawan western edge of pmb connects with negros trench southwards subduction along the negros trench to collision towards mindoro

tablas lineament

peft lateralNW trending linear fracturw western of min island

kindanao fault

basement rocks ages permian

minilog limestone olistolith in late jurassic

early cret

guinlo formation in palawan

igneous inteusion

kapoas granite

hunstruck slate and rhynie chert

devonin period