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GOP Flashcards

1
Q

What is the age of the Pacific Plate?

A

150 Ma (Late Jurassic)

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2
Q

What is the age of the Pacific Plate?

A

150 Ma (Late Jurassic)

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3
Q

Composition of the Pacific Plate?

A

Oceanic crust

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4
Q

Rate of movement of PP?

A

80 mm/yr

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5
Q

Kinematic reorganization of PP

A

43 Ma
5 Ma

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6
Q

The subduction of PP

A

Under Eurasian Plate, along the Japan trench
Philippine Sea Plate, along the Bonin-Marianas-Yap Trench system
Under Indo-Australian Plate, east of New Zealand

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7
Q

What are the 3 regional geology of Southeast Asia?

A
  1. Pacific Plate
  2. Eurasian Plate
  3. Indo-Australian Plate
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8
Q

What is the age of Eurasian Plate?

A

50 Ma (Eocene-Late Miocene)

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9
Q

Composition of EP

A

Continental, except marginal basins

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10
Q

Rate of movement of EP

A

3 mm/yr

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11
Q

Age of Indo-Australian Plate during the separation of India and Australia?

A

150 (Late Jurassic) Cessation of the MOR
43 Ma (Middle Eocene)

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12
Q

Composition

A

Continental- India and Australia
Oceanic- Indian Ocean

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13
Q

Rate of movement of IAP

A

107 mm/yr- northward motion

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14
Q

Kinematics of IAP (continental)

A

Collides with Eurasian Plate in the Himalayas

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15
Q

Kinematics of IAP (Oceanic)

A

Subducts under Eurasian Plate, along

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16
Q

Give the 3 marginal basins: Eurasian Affinity

A
  1. South China Sea Basin
  2. Sulu Sea Basin
  3. Celebes Sea Basin
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17
Q

Age of SCS Basin and Feature

A

32 Ma (Oligocene) to 17 Ma (Miocene)
Scarborough ridge- perpendicular to the Manila Trench

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18
Q

What is the associated feature of the notable formation Cortes Limestone?

A

Chocolate Hills

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19
Q

Malubog Formation?

A

Coal Stringers

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20
Q

Macasilao Formation

A

Contain Lignite Coal Beds

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21
Q

Lutopan Diorite

A

Porphyry Cu in Cebu

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22
Q

Lutopan Diorite

A

Porphyry Cu in Cebu

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23
Q

Vista Alegre

A

Dacite Porphyry

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24
Q

Negros Island

A

Gold Zone

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25
Q

Mindanao Dinagat Group of Island formations with age

A

Nueva Estrella Schist- Cretaceous
Siargao Limestone- Pleistocene

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26
Q

Sulu Archipelago

A

Sulu Serpentine- Cretaceous
Jolo Volcanic complex- plio-pleistocene

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27
Q

Zamboanga Peninsula

A

Tungauan Schist- Cretaceous
Sta. Maria Volcanic Complex- plio-pleistocene

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28
Q

Labangan Formation

A

Pleistocene

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29
Q

north central zamboanga

A

dansalan metamorphic complex- cretaceous
auroa formation- pleistocene

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30
Q

misamis oriental bukidnon-lanao

A

tago schist- cretaceous
cagayan gravel- pleistocene-recent

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31
Q

mindanao central cordillera

A

tago schist- cretaceous
cabanglasan gravel- pleistocene-recent

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32
Q

central mindanao volcanic complex

A

mabuaya andesite/lanao
volcanic complex/ ragang
volcanic complex/ parker
volcanic complex

ALL THE AGES IS PLIOCENE-RECENT

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33
Q

agusan basin

A

agdaoan formation- late miocene-late pliocene
alluvial, paludal and lacustrine deposits- holocene

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34
Q

davao basin

A

kabagtican formation- early miocene
tigatto terrace gravel- holocene

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35
Q

davao gulf and samal island

A

tagbobo conglomerate-pliocene
samal limestone- pleistocene

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36
Q

northern pacific cordillera

A

dinagat ophiolite- cretaceous
placer conglomerate- pleistocene

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37
Q

central pacific cordillera

A

anoling andesite/ bunggao limestone- eocene
Hinatuan limestone- pleistocene

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38
Q

Southern Pacific cordillera

A

barcelona formation- cretaceous
amacan volcanic complex- holocene

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39
Q

Daguma Range

A

Salbuyon Schist-cretaceous
Matualas Gravel- Holocene

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40
Q

Cotabato Basin

A

Patut Formation- middle miocene
Omanat Marl- Pleistocene

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41
Q

Saranggani Peninsula

A

Malita formation- early miocene
gumasa formation- plio-pleistocene

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42
Q

pujada peninsula

A

pujada ophioloite- cretaceous
maco limestone- late pleistocene

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43
Q

cagayan valley

A

abuan formation-eocene
awiden mesa formation-pliocene

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44
Q

cagayan valley

A

abuan formation-eocene
awiden mesa formation-pliocene

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45
Q

northern sierra madre caraballo

A

isabela ophilite- cretaceous
pantabangan formation- pliocene

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46
Q

zambales range

A

zambales ophiolotoc complex-eocene
bataan volcanic arc/ bolinao limestone- late miocene recent/ plio-pleistocene

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47
Q

southern sierra madre polilio-infanta

A

buhang ophiolitic complex- cretaceous
karlagan formation- pliocene

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48
Q

mainland (southern sierra madre)

A

montalban ophiolitic complex-cretaceous
manila formation- holocene

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49
Q

southwest luzon uplands

A

san juan formation- oligocene
banahaw volcanic complex-pleistocene-recent

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50
Q

marindique island

A

marinduque formation-cretaceous
malindig volcanic complex- pleistocene

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51
Q

bondoc peninsula

A

gumaca schist-cretaceous
malumbang formation- pleistocene

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52
Q

quezon-camarines norte

A

malaguit schist-jurassic
vinas formation-pliocene

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53
Q

caramoan peninsula/ camarines sur

A

siruma schist-jurassic
lahuy formation- middle-late miocene

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54
Q

catanduanes island

A

yop formation-cretaceous
ligao formation- plio-pleistocene

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55
Q

cagragay, batan, rapu rapu islands

A

rapu-rapu schist- cretaceous
bilbao formation- middle miocene

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56
Q

southern bicol peninsula

A

panganiran peridotte-cretaceous
ligao formation- plio-pleistocene

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57
Q

bicol volcanic arc complex

A

mt. tagagpo, susong dalaga volcanic complex- pliocene

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58
Q

masbate

A

baleno schist- cretaceous
masbate limestone- pleistocene

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59
Q

ticao island

A

talisay schist-cretaceous
matabao formation- pleistocene

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60
Q

burias and adjacent island

A

makalawang limestone-oligocene
baybay limestone-pliocene

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61
Q

southwest mindoro

A

mansalay formation- jurassic
oreng formation- pleistocene

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62
Q

northeast mindoro

A

halcon metamorphic complex-jurassic
dumali volcanic complex- pleistocene

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63
Q

north palawan

A

bacuit formation- oldest formation-permian
manguao basalt- pleistocene

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64
Q

south palawan

A

palawan ophiolite-cretaceous
tagburos ophiolite- pleistocene

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65
Q

buruanga peninsula

A

buruanga metamorphic complex- jurassic
libertad formation- plio-pleistocene

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66
Q

antique range

A

antique ophiolite-cretaceous
apdo formation- plio-pleistocene

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67
Q

central panay-iloilo basin

A

panpan formation-oligocene-miocene
cabatuan formation- plio pleistocene(also eastern panay)

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68
Q

eastern panay

A

sibala formation-cretaceous

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69
Q

romblon island group

A

romblon metamorphic complex- permian
peliw formation: looc limestone- pleistocene

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70
Q

negros island

A

basak formation- cretaceous
malindig volcanic complex- pleistocene-recent

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71
Q

negros and central cebu

A

tunlob schist-jurassic
carcar formation- pleistocene

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72
Q

southern cebu

A

pandan formation-cretaceous
linut-od formation- early miocene

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73
Q

siquijor island

A

kanglasog volcanic complex- cretaceous
siquijor limestone- plio-pleistocene

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74
Q

bohol island

A

alicia schist-cretaceous
mariboloc formation- plio-pleistocene

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75
Q

Western Island/ Camotes Island

A

Malitbog Ophiolite-cretaceous
San Isidro Limestone- Pleistocene

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76
Q

Central Highland

A

abuera diorite- eocene
leyte volcanic arc complex- late late pliocene-recnt

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77
Q

eastern leyte

A

tacloban ophiolite-cretaceous
baghupi formation- late miocene-pliocene

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78
Q

samar island

A

samar ophiolite-jurassic
calicoan formation- pleistocene

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79
Q

give 5 non ph mobile belt

A
  1. Southwest palawan basin
  2. reed bank basin
  3. west luzon basin (forearc basin)
  4. east palawan basin (forearc basin)
  5. sulu sea basin (backarc basin)
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80
Q

Give volcanoes in Luzon volcanic arc
manila trench

A

iraya
smith
babuyan
didicas
camiguin de babuyanes
cagua
pinatubo
macolod corridor: taal
banahaw

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81
Q

iraya

A

1 eruption
last known activity
batan island, batanes

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82
Q

smith

A

5
1924
babuyan island

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83
Q

babuyan claro

A

4
1917
babuyan island

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84
Q

didicas

A

6
1978
babuyan group of islands

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85
Q

camiguin de babuyanes

A

1
1857
babuyan group of islands

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86
Q

cagua

A

2
1907 (1860)
cagayan

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87
Q

pinatubo

A

3
1991 (2021)

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88
Q

taal

A

34
2020 (2021)
batangas

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89
Q

banahaw

A

3 (5)
1834 (1909)
laguna quezon province

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90
Q

east ph volcanic arc (ph trench)

A

bicol volcanic arc: isarog
iriga
mayon
bulusan

biliran
cabalian

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91
Q

isarog

A

3500 bce
camarines sur

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92
Q

iriga

A

2
1624
camarines sur

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93
Q

mayon

A

49 (50)
2021 2018
albay

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94
Q

bulusan

A

15
1995 (2021)
sorsogon

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95
Q

biliran

A

1
1939
biliran island

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96
Q

cabalian

A

1820
southern leyte

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97
Q

negros panay arc

kanlaon

A

25
1996 (2017)
negros oriental

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98
Q

cotabato arc
(cotabato trench)

  1. Ragang
  2. Makaturing
  3. Matutum
  4. Parker
A
  1. 8, 1916 lanao del sur cotabato
  2. 10, 1882, lanao del sur
  3. 1, 1911, south cotabato
  4. 1, 1640, sputh cotabato
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99
Q

molucca sea collision

  1. hibok hibok
  2. musuan
  3. leonard kniasefff
A
  1. 5, 1953, camiguin island
  2. 2, 1867, bukidnon
  3. 1800 120 CE Davao
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100
Q

Sulu Zamboanga Arc (sulu trench)

Bud Dajo

A

2, 1897, jolo island, sulu

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101
Q

Give the sedimentary basins of the ph mobile belt

A

forearc basin
ilocos basin
central luzon basin
cagayan valley basin
bicol shelf
west masbate- iloilo basin
agusan davao basin

backarc basin
visayan sea basin
southeast luzon basin
cotabato basin

rift basin
mindoro cuyo basin
northwest palawan basin

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102
Q

What earthquake in north bohol fault

A

inabanga
NE trending
Oct 15 2013 Ms. 7.2
reverse

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103
Q

negros thrust

A

NW trending
feb 6, 2012 bohol earthquake
ms 6.9

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104
Q

shallow seated earthquakes between Cebu and Bohol islands in the Visayas, with some capable of causing significant infrastructure damage

A

offshore cebu bohol faults

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105
Q

has a NS trend and movement left lateral strike slip

A

Mindanao Fault

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106
Q

this is a distinct segment of mindanao fault wherein it separates daguma range from cotabato basin

A

Cotabato fault segment (south)

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107
Q

this is a distinct segment of mindanao fault which is the northern continuation towards northern zamboanga

A

sindangan fault segment

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108
Q

NS trending
right lateral strike slip
tectonic boundary between the palawan midnoro microcontinental block and the western edge of the Philippine mobile belt
connects negros trench northwards to mindoro -panay collision zone

A

tablas lineament

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109
Q

SE trend
left lateral strike slip
continues up to the ph trench

A

legaspi lineament

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110
Q

NO trend
left lateral strike slip aborted by a spreading center under a transtensional tectonic regime

A

sibuyan sea fault

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111
Q

NS trend
right lateral strike slip significant normal component

A

mindoro/ aglubag fault

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112
Q

what are the two recent large earthquakes of mindoro/ aglubag fault

A

aug 17 1976 moro gulf ms 8.1
nov 15 1994 mindoro ms 7.1

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113
Q

NW trend
left lateral strike slip but transforms into a transpressional (thrusr/left-lateral) fault
plays a significant role in the transition from subduction along Manila Trench to collision in the Mindoro Palawan Panay area

A

lubang verde passage fault system

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114
Q

NNE-SSW trend
left lateral strike slip fracture zone
volcanoes associated taal banahaw makiling malepunyo maars of laguna (7 lakes)

A

macolod corridor

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115
Q

NE trend
right lateral and two adjacent normal faults
consists of 2 NE treding faults transecting metro manila that extends southwards to tagaytay ridge
1. west valley
2. east valley

A

marikina valley fault/ valley fault system

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116
Q

latitude 16N -18 N
benioff zone: shallow - no active volcanism
connected to ph trench by an ENE treding transcurrent fault zone

A

east luzon trough early miocene

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117
Q

22N-13N
steep on its southern portion, but flattens off toward the north
5100m
250 to 2600 km thick
subduction of the oceanic south china sea under the luzon arc
ends at the panay mindoro collision zone

A

manila trench 15 ma (early miocene to oligocene)

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118
Q

who proposed that the subduction along the manila trench started around 15ma and that volcanism related to the activity along the manila trench in western luzon is considerably older than 15ma

A

wolfe1981 and hayes and lewis 1984

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119
Q

10 N
subducted oceanic slab does not seem to exceed 100km
oceanic crust of sulu basin is being consumed
connects sulu trench southwestwards
subduction is marked by the present of an arc which has been active since its initiation at ~10 Ma

A

negros trench 10 ma miocene

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120
Q

subducted oceanic slab does not seem exceed 100km
connects with negros trench northeastward

A

sulu trench

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121
Q

6N
subduction is marked by earthquakes down to ~100lm depth poorly developed
connects with negros trench by a left lateral strike slip fault cutting the cotabato fault
consumes the celebes sea basin and the corresponding volcanic arcthat can be found on the western margin of the mindanao

A

cotabato trench <5ma pliocene

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122
Q

who suggested that the subduction along the cotabato trench is younger than 5ma similar to what they perceived for the initiation of subduction zones along the sulu sea margin

A

rangin 1999

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123
Q

manila trench luzon arc system to mindoro panay
continent arc collision eurasian plate vs ph sea plate
start of collision is associated with the kinematic reorganization of the ph sea plate at around 4ma

A

taiwan-collision zone

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124
Q

southern termination of manila trench down to the island of panay
arc continental collision -ph mobile belt vs palawan microcontinental pmc block
collision initiated in miocene right after cessation of the accretion of the south china sea oceanic crust between 32 and 17 ma
collision decreased since pliocene

A

mindoro-panay collision zone

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125
Q

south mindoro island in the mindanao island of panay
arc-arc collision- double vergent subduction of the molucca sea plate
scissor subduction:western slab subducts down at 600km and the eastern slab subducts down to 200km
two corresponding arcs sangihe and halmahera presently separated at least 1km
northern portion will close first

A

molucca sea colllision zone

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126
Q

NNW SSE TREND
creeping left lateral strike slip at an average movement of 2.5 cm/yr
intense deformation affects the PMB with sinistral fault transecting the archipelago from luzon to eastern mindanao for more than 1200km
lateral component of the oblique convergence between the ph sea plate and eurasian plate with other component being absorbed subduction along the ph trench under a shear partitioning mechanism
synchronous formation of pfz and ph trench

A

PFZ 4 ma pliocene-pleistocene

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127
Q

what are the 3 segments of philippine fault zone

A

divided into 3 segments
1, northern segment: NW luzon lamon bay- nw luzon is dominated by a thrust component

  1. central segment: bondoc peninsula to leyte
  2. southern segment: mindanao to molucca
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128
Q

the components under northern segment: NW luzon lamon bay- nw luzon

A

a. san miguel vigan aggao fault system
b. pugo fault
c. tuba fault
d. teboo abra fault
e. digdig kabugao fault caused july 16 1990 lulzon earthquake ms 7.8

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129
Q

4N-15N
benioff zone: 20 to the north ~ 45 to the south
1320km
8cm/yr
wadati-benioff zone depth <200km
volcanic arc can be traced from bicol to leyte
lacks any well developed accretionary prism

A

ph trench 5ma pliocene

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130
Q

NW displacement direction
3 main kinematic parameters with respect to eurasia:
1. rotation pole located NE of japan
2. relative displacement rate varies from N to S along the western edge of the PSP
a. 3cm/yr latitude to the nankai trough
b. 9cm/yr southern end of the ph trench
3. relative displacement direction whose azimuth is directed N55W near taiwan with a linear velocit aroung 7cm.\yr

A

present day kinematics

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131
Q

4ma plate reorganization
relative movement changed from NNW to WNW since 5ma based on taiwan collisionin taiwan at 4-6 ma 40 degrees CCW
in japan, at 2-3 ma 30 degrees CCW

A

old day kinematics

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132
Q

what are the two branches of izu-bonin ridge?

A
  1. west marianas ridge (ancient volcanic arc active between 20 to 9 ma
  2. east marianas ridge (volcanic arc of active marianas trench)
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133
Q

what are the two branches of izu-bonin ridge?

A
  1. west marianas ridge
  2. east marianas ridge
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134
Q

eastern limit of shikoku basin
volcanic arc of the active bonin trench colliding with the japanese margin-izu penisula central japan
west and east marianas ridge define limits of marianas trench

A
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135
Q

eastern limit of shikoku basin
volcanic arc of the active bonin trench colliding with the japanese margin-izu penisula central japan
west and east marianas ridge define limits of marianas trench

A

izu-bonin ridge?

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136
Q

relic arc of middle eocene to oligocene age
divides the WPB and PVSB
3=2500km
volcanic arc formed transformation of transform fault to subduction zone at around 43 Ma
subduction retreated at 30 ma and stopped of opening parece vela shikoku basin

A

palau kyushu ridge

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137
Q

poorly known portion of the southern extremity of the plate

A

ayu basin

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138
Q

opens around 6 ma at a NS spreading axis and still presently active

A

marianas basin mb

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139
Q

parece vela rift
spreading ridge
oceanic crust accelerates on a N S spreading axis
opening mrowzoski and hayes kobayashi and nakeda
1st stage: 30 ma-parece vela
2nd stage: 20 ma- shikoku
accretion stopped 17ma

A

parcele-vela-shikoku-basin pvsb

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140
Q

3 submarine plateus
1. benham rise
2. urdaneta plateau
3. anami-oki-dalto ridges- relict volcanic arc that travelles NE during the opening of the basin
Central Basin Fault (lineament)
-extinct MOR with WNW to ESE trend

occupies 50% of the ph sea plate
central basin fault (lineament)
2 stages opening
1. 60and 45 Ma at NE SW - 4.4 cm/yr half spreading rate
2. 45 and 35 Ma at NS orientation - 1.8 cm/yr half spreading rate

Basin’s origin (2 models)
1. trapped oceanic basin
suggests WSP as a trapped piece of the pacific plate during the 43 ma kinematic reorganization of the pacific plate
2. back arc basin model by karid
formed by back arc spreading behind the Oki Daito Ridge

A

West Philippine sea 60 - 35 ma paleomagnetic data

53to 42 deep sea drilling

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141
Q

eastern limit of shikoku basin
volcanic arc of the active bonin trench colliding with the japanese margin-izu penisula central japan
west and east marianas ridge define limits of marianas trench

A

izu-bonin ridge?

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142
Q

sulu-zamboanga arc- separates SSB from CSB
located southeast of the sulu basin and sulu zamboanga arc
models:
1 acc to GOP lee and mcCabe
a trapped basin mechanism for CSB could have split off as a baisn from prev larger molucca sea plate
2. silver and rangin
a. fragment of WPB
b. back arc basin or c. basin rifted from the SE continental margin
3. hall and nichols
a fragment of the west ph basin of the ph sea plate
csb and wpb formed part og the same ocean basin with similarities in basement age, chemistry and stratigraphy

A

celebes sea basin csb
~55 to 42 ma eocene-based on ENE-WSE magnetic anomalies

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143
Q

cagayan de sulu 14.7 ma
asperity not a spreading center but an ancient arc
sulu-zamboanga arc-separates SSB from CSB
two basins:
1. NW sub-basins
2. SE sub basins

situated to the southeast of Plawan, this small margin basin composed of two sub basins that are separated by an E-NE trending cagayan de sulu ridge
formed starting at around ~20 ma early miocene
models for:
1 formed through spreaidng along the cagayan de sulu ridge
discredited basins opposite of the cagayan de sulu ridge have different geochemical sig
NW sub basin- continental basement
SE sub basin- oceanic basement

  1. geochemical sig of the oceanic basement along with tha basins position and age correlation wiht the arc volcanism along the CSR, suggests a back arc spreading origin for the Sulu basin. aRC VOLCANISM ALONG THE csr CEASED AROUND 16ma following it scollision with the riftef margin of china
A

sulu sea basin ~20 ma early miocene

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144
Q

scarborough ridge- asperity an extinct spreading center perpendicualar to manila trench

A

south china sea basin 32 ma oligocene to 17 ma miocene

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145
Q

depth 4,0km
opening was preceded by rifting that could have taken place between the Late cretaceous and late eocene
2 stages of opening
1. 32 to 17 ma along e-w axis
2. 20-17 ma along ne-sw axis
model

  1. holloway and taylor and hayes put the spreading the prominent ridge being the scarborough ridge in teh basin on a roughly NE-SW direction starting aroung 32 ma (oligocene)
  2. briais showed a progressive change in the orientation of the spreading center: ENE-WSW fro 32-30 ma and E-W from 30-27 ma by 26-24 ma the ridge jumped to the south and a second basin started foriming to the southwest
    briasis suggested that the SCS spreading ceased aroung 15.5 ma
    rosser said the event occurred somewhat earlier
  3. trench pull/roll bakc rangin et al
    trench pull
    gravity controlled trench pull involked explain the rifting and spreading the subduction along sunda trench may be responsible for the opening of the proto-SCS and the subduction of the proto-SCS douth of plawan may in turn explain the south china sea opening
    pubellier trench rollback (back arc basin)
    rolls back due to getting longer as it subducts and initiates spreading
  4. tapponier
    south china sea opened as a side effect of the extrusion of indochina
    contention: timing of collison vs. openin gof SCS & difficult to reconcile with a N-S spreading of the SCS.
A

south china sea basin 32 ma oligocene to 17 ma miocene

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146
Q

what are the 3 sub basins for the south china sea

A
  1. NW sub basin -ENE-WSW spreading during 32-30 ma
  2. WE sub basin- E-W spreading during 30-27 ma
  3. SW sub basin - NE- SW spreading 26-24 ma
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147
Q

. A linear feature located northeast of Luzon Island.

A

. East Luzon Trough

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148
Q

This is a poorly known east-dipping subduction zone which seems to disappear southwards into the
Moluccas Sea

A

b. Cotabato Trench

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149
Q

The corresponding arcs (Sangihe and Halmahera) of this collision are presently separated by at least
100 km

A

. Moluccas Sea

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150
Q

The ______________ arc is formed by the Sulu Trench

A

. Sulu-Zamboanga

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151
Q

This subduction zone consumes the oceanic crust of the Sulu Sea Basin

A

. Negros Trench

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152
Q
A
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153
Q

A poorly understood feature but appears in most maps as a transform fault

A

Philippine Trench

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153
Q

. The _______________ is surrounded by subduction zones with opposing polarities

A

. Philippine Mobile Belt

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153
Q

This metamorphic group is characterized geographically by its restricted distribution in the western
central Philippines.

A

pre-Cretaceous metamorphic rocks of continental origin

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154
Q

. The _______________ arc is related to the Cotabato Trench

A

e. Cotabato

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155
Q

The subducted oceanic slab of this east-dipping subduction zone does not seem to exceed 100 km in
depth.

A

d. Negros Trench

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156
Q

The Manila Trench-Luzon Arc system passes into the

A

Mindoro-Panay

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157
Q

This metamorphic group is characterized petrographically by the abundance of silica

A

a. pre-Cretaceous metamorphic rocks of continental origin

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158
Q

The ______________ arc is well defined only from Bicol to Leyte but cannot be traced in Eastern
Mindanao

A

East-Philippine

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159
Q

. An east-dipping subduction zone that runs parallel to the western coasts of Panay and Negros Islands

A

Negros Trench

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160
Q

The southern closure of this structure is still poorly know

A

Philippine Trench

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161
Q

The boundary of between the _________________ and the eastern margin of the ______________ is
a complex system of subduction zones, collision zones and marginal sea basin openings.

A

. Philippine Sea Plate, Eurasian Plate

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162
Q

This represent a continent-arc collision

A

Taiwan

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163
Q

The rotation and spreading of this plate during Eocene to Miocene times is the reason for the present
position of the Philippine Mobile Belt.

A

Philippine Sea Plate

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164
Q

These lithologic units represent the pre-Tertiary basement of the Philippines.
I. Metamorphic rocks
II. Ophiolites and ophiolitic rocks
III. Magmatic rocks and active volcanic arcs
IV. Sedimentary basins

A

a. I & II

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165
Q

The presence of these that cannot be associated with any of the active subduction zones indicates the
evolution of the Philippine archipelago through continuous volcanic activity throughout the Cenozoic.

A

c. Magmatic rocks and active volcanic arcs

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166
Q

This collision was initiated within Miocene time, right after the cessation of the accretion of the South
China Sea oceanic crust.

A

. Mindoro-Panay

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167
Q

These metamorphic formations include the Caramay Schist, Halcon, Buruanga and Romblon
Metamorphic Complexes and Tungauan Schist

A

pre-Cretaceous metamorphic rocks of continental origin

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168
Q

The ______________ volcanic arc corresponds to the Manila Trench

A

. Luzon

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169
Q

. A west-dipping subduction zone, Lewis and Hayes (1983) proposed that this is a nascent subduction
zone propagating northwards

A

East Luzon Trough

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170
Q

The Philippine Mobile Belt (PMB) is an actively deforming zone created between the two plates of
________________

A

c. Philippine Sea Plate, Eurasian Plate

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171
Q

The start of this collision is associated with the kinematic reorganization of the Philippine Sea Plate at
around 4 Ma.

A

. Taiwan

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172
Q

This collision was initiated within Miocene time, right after the cessation of the accretion of the South
China Sea oceanic crust.

A

Mindoro-Panay

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173
Q

A late Miocene age was determined for the start of this collision.

A

. Moluccas Sea

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174
Q

The oldest known rocks of this type are found in Cebu Island and is dated Late Cretaceous

A

Magmatic rocks and active volcanic arcs

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175
Q

This is rifted from the Asian mainland during Late Cretaceous-Late Eocene time

A

Palawan Microcontinental Block

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176
Q

. A forearc basin is developed between the accretionary prism of this subduction zone and Luzon Islan

A

. Manila Trench

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177
Q

. The volcanic arc corresponding to this geologic structure can be traced from Bicol to Leyte but unclear
in Mindanao

A

. Philippine Trench

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178
Q

. The ________________ enters into collision with the central portion of the Philippine Mobile Belt

A

Palawan Microcontinental Block

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179
Q

The _____________ volcanic arc is linked to the Negros Trench.

A

Negros-Panay

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180
Q

. The termination of this east-dipping subduction zone passes into the collision zone of Mindoro-Panay

A

Manila Trench

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181
Q

The Philippines is generally interpreted as a collage of _____________________.

A

insular arcs
b. ophiolitic suites
c. continental rocks of Eurasian affinity

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182
Q

The subduction along this trench is young as shown by a poorly developed Benioff Zone

A

. Cotabato Trench

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183
Q

The western slab of this collision dives down to a depth of more than 600 km, one of the deepest in the
world.

A

. Moluccas Sea

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184
Q

The ______________ volcanic arc is associated with the Philippine Trench

A

East-Philippine

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185
Q

This is an east-dipping subduction zone opposite of the East Luzon trough

A

. Manila Trench

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186
Q

The Philippines is marked by this/these active collision zone/s

A

Taiwan
b. Mindoro-Panay
c. Moluccas Sea

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187
Q

These metamorphic formations are distributed sporadically within the whole archipelago.

A

Cretaceous metamorphic rocks of insular arc affinity

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188
Q

In pre-1980 literature, these rocks were previously referred to as ultramafic complexes or
undifferentiated Cretaceous-Paleogene basement.

A

. Ophiolites and ophiolitic rocks

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189
Q

This geologic structure is generally considered young and probably created not earlier than 5 Ma

A

. Philippine Trench

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190
Q

This is the group of land masses that apparently originated from sub-equatorial regions.

A

Philippine Mobile Belt

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191
Q

This collision passes into the Manila Trench-Luzon Arc system

A

Taiwan

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192
Q

This metamorphic group is essentially basic to ultrabasic in character

A

Cretaceous metamorphic rocks of insular arc affinity

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193
Q

An active volcanic chain is traceable for this subduction zone, with Canlaon Volcano as an example

A

Negros Trench

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194
Q

The _______________ is an actively deforming zone between two active subduction systems

A

. Philippine Mobile Belt

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195
Q

This usually occurs with pre-Tertiary metamorphic rocks and represent basement on which magmatic
arcs were developed.

A

Ophiolites and ophiolitic rocks

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196
Q

A conduct of marine geophysical survey with GLORIA (Geological Long-Range Inclined Asdic) and an
offshore fieldwork in Halmahera Island appear to confirm the southward propagation of this geologic
structure towards the Moluccas Collision Zone.

A

Philippine Trench

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197
Q

It represents an arc-continental collision.

A

. Mindoro-Panay

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198
Q

Dating of these rocks is essentially based on the ages of pelagic sediments covering them.

A

. Ophiolites and ophiolitic rocks

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199
Q

. This is the morphological expression of the westward subduction of the Philippine Seas Plate under the
eastern Philippine Arc.

A

Philippine Trench

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200
Q

This category of metamorphic formations is represented by those rocks that can be found in North
Palawan, Mindoro, Panay, and neighboring islands belonging to the Palawan-Mindoro Microcontinent.

A

pre-Cretaceous metamorphic rocks of continental origin

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201
Q

The thickness of the sedimentary fill of this east-dipping subduction zone varies between 250 and 2,600
m

A

Manila Trench

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202
Q

According to McCaffrey (1991), this active collision represents a present-day example of the
emplacement of ophiolites by slivers (obduction).

A

Moluccas Sea

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203
Q

The displacement rate of the Philippine Sea Plate is

A

8 cm/yr

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204
Q

This trench appears to be linked with the Negros Trench by a left-lateral strike slip feature cutting across
the Zamboanga Peninsula.

A

Cotabato Trench

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205
Q

The two corresponding active volcanic arcs of this collision consequently collided as well.

A

Moluccas Sea

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206
Q

A bathymetric link between this subduction zone and the Manila Trench is represented by a shallow
trough that passes northeast off Palawan Island

A

Negros Trench

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207
Q

. A double-vergent arc-arc collision.

A

Moluccas Sea

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208
Q

. There is a corresponding active volcanic arc on the western margin of Mindanao for this trench.

A

Cotabato Trench

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209
Q

least to most stable

A

olivine
cordierite (rings of tetrahedra)
pyroxene
amphibole
kaolinite
mica muscovite
feldspar
quartz

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210
Q

30% or 25% on some authors - 5% clasts

A

paraconglomerate/diamictite

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211
Q

energy is high and episodic clast supported with silt or sand matrix

A

sheetflood

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212
Q

high relief and typically coarse grained clast supported

A

alluvial

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213
Q

debris flow type of depostion may have matrix supported with rapid erosion

A

fanglomerate

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214
Q

little to no imbircations possibly faceted or striated

A

meltout/lodgement conglomerate/tillite

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215
Q

measures particle size distributions by measuring the angular variation in intensity of light scattered as a laser beam passes through a dispersed particulate sample. Large particles scatter light at small angles relative to the laser beam and small particles scatter light at large angles.

A

laser diffraction

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216
Q

sediments are slowly poured into an electrolyte solution where sediments will pass through where changes in the electrical field will produce pulses translating into the grain size

A

electro resistant size analyser

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217
Q

<0.35
>4.00

A

very well sorted
extremely poor sorted

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218
Q

also called imbricated

A

sutured

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219
Q

disregarding the authigenic constituents refers to the utliziation of space among sediments as well as the manner of arrangement or spacing of the solid particle

A

grain packing

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220
Q

tends to be less with plag than k felds

A

quartz

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221
Q

some amounts of glauconite

A

greensands

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222
Q

containing a good of phosphatic skeletal fragmentsqq

A

phosphatic sandstone

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223
Q

2mm-10mm diameter
encrusted micritw include sand silt particles grains of cyanobacteria

A

oncoids

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224
Q

> 10mm non marine
cave pearls

A

pisoids

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225
Q

sediments from disturbed seafloor may enter carbonare rocs

A

intraclasts

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226
Q

weathering of older carbonate rocks

A

extraclasts

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227
Q

lime mud mixed with silicate sand silt particles

A

marl

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228
Q

0.02-0.1mm in size

A

sparry calcite

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229
Q

removes aragonite to transform into calcite

A

meteoric

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230
Q

50% grrains

A

packestone

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231
Q

cretaceous-paleogene

A

cebu bohol sierra madre quezon camarines norte samar zamboanga mindanao

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232
Q

oligocene miocene

A

magmatic belts cordillera southern sierra madre marindiqur negros panay boh cebu masbate zamboanga s coatabato crntral and eastern mindanao

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233
Q

NE trending macolod coridor

A

taal makiling malenpuyo banahaw laguna de bai

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234
Q

NNW trending central mindanao volcanic zone

A

ragang makaturing malindang katanglad musuan hobok hibok mt.parker lanao volcanoes

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235
Q

sed basins

A

illocos central balley
cagayan valley
southern luzon bicol
mindoro
iloilo
visayan sea
samar
agusan davao
cotabato

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236
Q

ph fault northern segment

A

transpressional regime movement is both strike slip& thrust faulting north of dinaglan it branches into several BS strike slip faults

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237
Q

ph fault central segment

A

bondoc peninsula to leyte left lateral simple structure

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238
Q

southern segment

A

reactivated old notmal fauls related to formation of afusan davao basin

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239
Q

ph fault age and slip rate

A

5 Ma
2-3 cm/yr
in a shear partitioning ebvi whereby it accomodates a compientn of the oblique converge between the PSP and ph archipelag

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240
Q

south china sea

A

early oligocene extension drive by the proto SCS slab pull subsequeny extension due to the collision of india and eurasia

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241
Q

continental crust nasement non age

A

nw sulu sea

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242
Q

early miocene
back src basin of the cagayan de suli ridge

A

se sulu sea

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243
Q

eocene
related with the WPB

A

celebes sea

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244
Q

jurassic
trapoed india ocean lithosphere

A

molycca sea

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245
Q

rocene
either trapped mahor ocean
lithospeherw or related with back arc basin formation

A

west ph basin

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246
Q

early cret
trapped fragments of wither the peto soutj chcina dea or the new guinea basin

A

hustung basin

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247
Q

eocene
either trapped major ocean lithospehre or related with back arc basin formation

A

west ph basin

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248
Q

early miocene

A

manila trench

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249
Q

palawan trough

A

ealy oligocene

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250
Q

negros trench

A

late miocene-pliocene

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251
Q

guinlo late jurassic early cret contains olistoliths bacuit minilog liminangcong

A

north palawan block

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252
Q

tunguan schist -unduated amphibolites 24.7+/1.3ma

A

xanboanga peninsula

253
Q

early cret volcnaic arcs

A

eastern ph

254
Q

made the VEI

A

chris newhall and steve self

255
Q

what lineament is corresponding to the central basin fault

A

WNW-WSE lineament

256
Q

age of west ph basin acc to paleomagnetic data
and deep see drilling

A

60 and 35 Ma

53 and 42 Ma

257
Q

composed of a series of en echelon ridges orientation mkws n angle around 15 defrees almost E-W to its general direction Wnw-ese

A

central basin fault

258
Q

due to a extinct mid oriented ridge that cut transversely by a series of parallel oriented N-S 2 stages with a age and direction of spreading NE-SW rate is 4.4cm/yr

A

60-45 Ma

259
Q

opening oriented N-S RATE 1.8

A

46-35 Ma

260
Q

2 basin origin

A

trapped oceanic basin
back arc basin

261
Q

back arc basin this would correspond to a relict volcanic arc rhat travelled to the NE during the oprning of the basin

A

oki daito ridge

262
Q

divides west ph basin fro
parece va-shikoku basin

A

palau kyushu ridge

263
Q

a relict volcani arc of middle eocene to oligocene age

A

palay kyushu ridge

264
Q

considered as an ancient volcanic arc active between 20 and 9 Ma relict of volcanic arc left inactive after opening the marianas basin

A

west marianas ridge

265
Q

present day kinematics

A

NW displacementdirection

266
Q

present day kinematic based on

A

slip vectors

267
Q

ph kinematics

A

plate motion parameters including pole and rate of rotation and the instantaneous velocity

268
Q

kinematic larameters of ph sea plate

A

rotation pole located NE of Japan

displacement rate rhat varies north to south along the western edge of ph plate 3.0 cm/yr lalitude of nankai trough to 9.0 cm/yr sourhern end of ph trench
displacement direction whose azimuth directed N55W near Taiwan with liners belocity of around 7.0cm/yr

269
Q

ph sea ate relative movemnt changed from NNW to

A

WNW since 5Ma

270
Q

taiwan kinematic dated 4-6 Ma manifested by a

A

4” degrees counterclockwise rotation of the stress field

271
Q

in japan manifested by a that occurred around 2-3 Ma

A

30 degree counterclockwise rotatio occurred around

272
Q

paleomagnetic in benhan rise dated in eocene located between

A

15-16 degrees north latitude located in sub equatorial latitudes

273
Q

axis oriented NE-SW

A

south china sea basin

274
Q

twi openings in south chine sea basin
first stage
2nd

A

32&17 Manalong an E-W axis
20&17 Ma along NE-SW axis

275
Q

represent an artifcat produces by a densw network of teansform faults

A

sub E-W anomalies

276
Q

south china sea basin general opening

A

nw-se

277
Q

consequence if the opening of xhina sea

A

separation of microcontinetal block from nainland china

278
Q

correspond to a volcanic arc that active early miocene southern flank charac by presence of SE-dipping normal faults define contact with the SE subbasin volcanic material dated 14.7 Ma

A

cagayan ridge

279
Q

oceanic basement covered wit ha think 1-2kn sedimentary fill basalts of the upper part present intermwdiate charac between morb and arc tholeiites

A

SE subbasin

280
Q

oldest known sediments have been datwd

A

late miocene to early middle miocene

281
Q

volcanic ash appeared on

A

6 Ma

282
Q

pleistocene holocene with one volcano no well define zone along sulu trench volcanic arc considered to be in solfataric stage

A

sulu zamboanga arc

283
Q

refwrs to oceanic basin formed on the edge of continental crust

A

marginal basin

284
Q

90%
of all auriferous deposits in the Philippines are associated with

A

Late
Neogene hypabyssal intrusions and volcanism.

285
Q

similar to those of the Visayan Sea Basi e Middle
Miocene interval is represented by a widespread deformed limestone
formation which presently covers almost 25% of Samar Island N-S

A

vSamar Basin

286
Q

thickest sedimentary fill, sometimes attaining a thickness of
more than 12,000 m formed over a mixed
basement composed of ophiolitic and metamorphic rocks N-S trending axis and is traversed
longitudinally by the Philippine Fault.

A

Agusan-Davao Basin

287
Q

located between the active volcanic arcs of Cotabato and
central Mindanao. 8,000 m

A

Cotabato Basin

288
Q

emphasizing the linear
depression that the fault exhibits in Leyte and the significance of
extensional zones along the structure

A

“Visayan Rift

289
Q

trace of the fault is essentially based from
morphologic expression of Quaternary displacements Morphologic expressions of the fault include
fault scarps, elongated depressions sag ponds and
compressive ridges. 1,200 km from Luzon to Mindanao Left-lateral movement along the fault is also indicated by large
structures it offsets such as mountain ranges (Pinet and Stephan, 1990),
sedimentary basins

A

e Philippine Fault

290
Q

Pleistocene-Holocene activity along the Philippine Fault is attested by

A

displacement of drainage systems elongated
depressions at the foot of fault scarps

291
Q

great earthquake of Luzon on
July 16, 1990. This Ms 7.8 earthquake was caused by movement of a
northern segment of the fault in the vicinity of

A

f Cabanatuan.

292
Q

March 17, 1973, southern Luzon was
also struck with a magnitude 7.3 earthquake with epicenter located at left-lateral displacements of 2 to 3
m

A

Ragay Gulf

293
Q

Measurements by Mobil Corporation (Philippines) on the Miocene
sedimentary facies in Mindanao show l 5 to 8 km of left-lateral displacement

A

w left-lateral displacements of around
28 km along the southern trace of the fault

294
Q

slip rate of PH fault

A

2 to 3 cm/yr slip rate on the Philippine Fault from Luzon
to Mindanao.

295
Q

aseismic
behavior may be due to of the PH FAULT

A

high hydrothermal flow in the crust at this segment.

295
Q

Between Dingalan Bay and
Lingayen Gulf, this fault segment strikes

A

N60°W to N45°W. It reorients to a
N-S strike southwards in the Southern Sierra Madre Range

296
Q

mecahnism of the PH fault

A

functions in a
shear partitioning environment

297
Q

slowest
movements can be detected in Zamboanga at less

A

2 ± .15 cm/yr
westwards

298
Q

Virac Island moves the fastest at over

A

7 ± .17 cm/yr
northwestwards.

299
Q

largest extensional strain rate is detected on a NW-SE direction in

A

NW
Panay

300
Q

Slower but
comparable rates are detected between

A

Surigao, Davao and Zamboanga

301
Q

A strong westerly relative plate motion component is observed on the
southernmost station in

A

Davao.

302
Q

a prominent NW-SE trending structure also believed to be a leftlateral strike-slip fault

A

Cotabato
Fault,

303
Q

what are the roblom island group

A

romblon
sibuyan
tablaas

304
Q

age of palawan ophiolite

A

cretaceous

305
Q

age of amnay ophiolite

A

late oligocene

306
Q

age of minilig liemstone

A

permian

307
Q

age of guinlo formation in palawan

A

creatceous

308
Q

example of igneous intrusion

A

kapoas granite

309
Q

when did the Palawan-Mindoro microcontinent rifted from mainland Asia

A

Miocene time

310
Q

what did the Palawan-Mindoro microcontinent rifted from mainland Asia gave rise to?

A

emplacement/juxtaposition of pre-Neogene ophiolites over Miocene
formations.

311
Q

arc basement rocks often exist as
volcaniclastic sequences, sometimes with their plutonic and volcanic
equivalents, as can be

A

e Luzon Cordillera
and Sierra Madre Range in Luzon, the Antique Range and Negros Arc
(ancient) in the Visayas, and in the East Pacific Cordillera and Daguma
Range in Mindanao

312
Q

sedimentary basins over

A

pre-Neogene

313
Q

Suyo Schist, exposed largely in Suyo, Burgos, Ilocos Norte,
consists of

A

amphibolite, quartz-biotite schist, actinolite-tremolite-talc schist
and quartzite, which are mostly in fault contact with serpentinized
peridotite

314
Q

light to dark green, fine- to medium-grained
and is characterized by planar orientation of green amphibole, chlorite,
feldspar and quartz. The rock exhibits usually nematoblastic texture with
large bluish green amphibole and prismatic, light-colored epidote

A

amphibolite schist

315
Q

consisting dominantly of quartz with lesser
amounts of biotite, epidote, garnet, hematite and piedmontite, occurs
intimately with the amphibolite schist

A

quartz-biotite schist,

316
Q

a product of dynamothermal
metamorphism, is structurally confined along the contact of the intensely
sheared serpentinized peridotite

A

actinolite-tremolite-talc schist

317
Q

Baruyen Formation

A

Ilocos Peridotite

318
Q

age of Pasaleng Quartz Diorite

A

late Early Miocene to early Middle
Miocene

319
Q

. A late Early Miocene to early Middle
Miocene age was assigned to this intrusive unit based on its correlation
with the

A

Itogon Quartz Diorite Complex in the Central Cordillera.

320
Q

Thinly bedded sandstone and shale;
conglomerate

A

Batac Formation
named by Pinet

321
Q

Age Batac Formation

A

late Middle Miocene to Late Miocene

322
Q

also defined a Liliputen Formation for the sedimentary sequence
exposed along the road

A

Pinili and Nueva Era

323
Q

what is the equivalent of Batac Formation

A

Klondyke Formation of Central Cordillera

324
Q

Limestone with minor calcareous
conglomerate, calcirudite, calcarenite

Late Miocene
200 m

A

Pasuquin Limestone

325
Q

Pasuquin Limestone prev name

A

Pasuquin Arenaceous Limestone

326
Q

Pasuquin Limestone equivalent

A

Mirador
Limestone in Central Cordillera and Labayug Limestone in La Union

327
Q

Sandstone with interbeds of siltstone and
claystone and occasional reefal limestone
and limestone breccia
late Early Pliocene to Pleistocene

A

Laoag Formation

328
Q

prev name of Laoag Formation

A

Laoag Marl Beds
sedimentary rocks exposed along the
highway between Bacarra and Laoag

329
Q

Late Pleistocene
30m
At Cape Bojeador, these reefs lie
over the Bojeador Formation and the Pasuquin Limestone. These reefs are
consolidated coral fragments and other calcareous debris

A

Uplifted Coral Reefs

330
Q

Lower Bigbiga Limestone – micritic
limestone with tuffaceous turbidite and
minor chert
Upper Burgos Member - Limestone,
tuffaceous sandstone, siltstone and
mudstone

A

Aksitero Formation

331
Q

age of Aksitero Formation

A

Late Eocene - Late Oligocene

332
Q

thickness of Aksitero Formation

A

Bigbiga limestone - 42 m
Burgos Member - 78 m

333
Q

consisting of micritic limestone interbedded with tuffaceous
turbidites

A

Bigbiga limestone
member

334
Q

interlayered limestone and
indurated calcareous and tuffaceous sandstone, siltstone and mudstone

A

Burgos member

335
Q

Interbedded sandstone, shale,
conglomerate with minor limestone;
identified members are Sansotero
Limestone and Malo Pungatan Limestone

A

Moriones Formation

336
Q

Moriones Formation age and thickness

A

Early Miocene - early Late Miocene
1500m

337
Q

regularly shaped exposures and
disconnected patches in , Bigbiga in Mayantoc, Tarlac. This was
considered a separate younger formation in BMG (1981) but it is included
here as a member of the Moriones Formation. The limestone is massive,
dirty white to greenish gray, porous with volcanic and sedimentary clasts.
8 m thick.

A

Sansotero Limestone

338
Q

her limestone member of
the Moriones Formation is called Malo area indicated as the type locality, near Caananorgan,
the unit consists of calcarenites and porous coralline limestone. Other
exposures may be found at Pingul area and further north, to the west of
Camiling. The thickness of Malo Pungatan ranges from 3 to 4 m.

A

Pungatan Limestone

339
Q

Lower Pau Sandstone – sandstone with
minor tuffaceous shale, conglomerate and
lapilli tuff
Upper Aparri Gorge Sandstonesandstone with shale stringers
and conglomerate lenses

A

Malinta Formation

340
Q

age and thickness Malinta Formation

A

Late Miocene
574m

341
Q

member consists of sandy
shale grading southward to coarse quartz sandstone to tuffaceous pebbly
sandstone overlain by a thick sandstone section with minor amounts of
coarse sandy tuffaceous shale and conglomerate

A

Pau Sandstone

342
Q

member is a well-cemented quartz sandstone with occasional shale
stringers and conglomerate lenses.

A

Aparri Gorge

343
Q

Interbedded sandstone, shale,
conglomerate

A

Tarlac Formation

344
Q

age and thickness of Late Miocene - Early Pliocene

A

Late Miocene - Early Pliocene
1200m

345
Q

Turbiditic sandstone and shale with minor
conglomerate

A

Amlang Formation

346
Q

age and thickness of Amlang Formation

A

Late Miocene – Early Pliocene
1620m

347
Q

prev name of Amlang Formation

A

Amlang Member of Rosario Formation

348
Q

was previously subdivided into a lower Amlang
Member and an upper Aringay Member.

A

Rosario Formation

349
Q

he sandstone beds in the Amlang Formation are more
predominant, which Lorentz (1984) designates as the

A

Cupang Sandstone

350
Q

Mainly tuffaceous sandstone, with
interbeds of siltstone, shale and
conglomerate and minor limestone lenses.

A

Cataguintingan Formation

351
Q

age and thickness of Cataguintingan Formation

A

Late Pliocene
Thickness 1,100 m at the type locality, and 900 m in
the south up to 2,600 m in the north

352
Q

prev name of Cataguintingan Formation

A

Linao Sandstone member

353
Q

sandstone, calcarenite, siltstone,
limestone and marl

A

Damortis Formation

354
Q

age and thickness of Damortis Formation

A

Pleistocene
Thickness 50-200 m

355
Q

To
the north, resting on the Amlang Formation at Bacnotan is the 20-m thick

A

Bacnotan Limestone

356
Q

Tuffaceous sandstone and lapilli tuff with
basal conglomerate

A

Bamban Formation

357
Q

age of Bamban Formation

A

pleistocene

358
Q

Spilitic and basic to intermediate volcanic
flows and breccias with intercalated
metasedimentary rocks

A

Barenas-Baito Formation

359
Q

age of Barenas-Baito Formation

A

Late Cretaceous

360
Q

Angat
Ophiolite, and is therefore below the Maybangain Formation and equivalent
to the

A

Kinabuan Formation.

361
Q

used by
Revilla and Malaca (1987), this unit includes the pillow basalt of the socalled

A

Angat Ophiolite

362
Q

volcaniclastic member of the

A

Maybangain
Formation

363
Q

southern Sierra Madre and the Coronel and

A

Dingalan
formations

364
Q

Andesite flows, pyroclastic rocks, siltstone,
sandstones, conglomerates with limestone
lenses

A

Bayabas Formation

365
Q

prev name of Bayabas Formation

A

Bayabas Metavolcanics

366
Q

age of Bayabas Formation

A

Late Eocene - Early Oligocene

367
Q

The lower part
contains Late Eocene to Early Oligocene small foraminiferal species called

A

Cassigerinella eocena Corday

368
Q

The Bayabas
Formation is therefore considered Late Eocene to Early Oligocene in age
and not Late Eocene to Early Miocene. It is partly equivalent to the

A

Maybangain Formation

369
Q

Lower calcareous shale and sandstone
member;
Upper limestone member

A

Angat Formation

370
Q

prev name of Angat Formation

A

Angat Limestone

371
Q

age and thickness of Angat Formation

A

Early Miocene
Thickness 1,950 m

372
Q

lower Clastic Member – sandstone; silty
shale; middle Alagao Volcanics –
andesite flow, pyroclastic breccia,
tuffs, graywacke, argillite;
upper Buenacop Limestone

A

Madlum aFormation

373
Q

agw and thickness of Madlum Formation

A

Middle Miocene
Thickness: > 1,000 m

374
Q

They also included in this formation the upper metavolcanic member of the

A

Sibul Formation

375
Q

upper tuffaceous member of the

A

Quezon Formation

376
Q

extensively distributed in an almost
continuously exposed belt between Angat and Peñaranda rivers. It is a
thick sequence of thin to thick bedded sandstone and silty shale with minor
basal conglomerate and occasional limy sandstone interbeds

A

Clastic Member

377
Q

designate the sequence of pyroclastic breccia, tuffs, argillites, indurated
graywacke and andesite flows exposed in Alagao, San Ildefonso, Bulacan.
Its type locality, as designated by Gonzales and others (1971), is the
section along the San Ildefonso-Akle road. The metavolcanic member of
the Sibul Formation of Corby and others (1951) and the andesite-basalt
sequence in the Rodriguez-Teresa area. Rizal are included in this member.
Generally, the rock unit is purplish gray in fresh surfaces but weathers into
brick-red to purple shades.

A

Alagao Volcanic

378
Q

designate the limestone sequence exposed at Barangay
Buenacop, San Ildefonso, Bulacan with type section along Ganlang River. It
also occurs as narrow discontinuous strips formed by a series of almost
north-south aligned low ridges and several small patches between Sta.
Maria and Sumacbao rivers. The limestone in the lower part is thin to
medium bedded, crystalline, slightly tuffaceous, porous with numerous
fragments of volcanic rocks, chert nodules, and detrital crystals of mafic
minerals

A

Buenacop Limestone

379
Q

Tuffaceous shale, sandstone,
conglomerate

A

Lambak Formation

380
Q

age and thickness of Lambak Formation

A

Late Miocene
Thickness > 1,000 m

381
Q

Tuffaceous sandstone, mudstone
Stratigraphic relations Unconformable over the Madlum
Formation

A

Makapilapil Formation

382
Q

age and thickness of Makapilapil Formation

A

Late Miocene
Thickness 500 – 800 m

383
Q

Mudstone, sandstone

A

Tartaro Formation

384
Q

age of Tartaro Formation

A

Late Miocene to Early Pliocene

385
Q

Alat Conglomerate member –
conglomerate, sandstone, mudstone,
Diliman Tuff member – tuff, pyroclastic
breccia, tuffaceous sandstone

A

Guadalupe Formation

386
Q

age and thickness of Guadalupe Formation

A

Pleistocene
Thickness 1,500 – 2,200 m

387
Q

crops out along Sapang Alat, about 3 km
north of the Novaliches Reservoir and forms an extensive outcrop belt
underlying the hills and lowlands in eastern Bulacan and southeastern
Nueva Ecija. The Alat is a sequence of conglomerates, sandstones and
mudstones. The conglomerate, which is the most predominant rock type, is
massive, poorly sorted with well-rounded pebbles and small boulders of
underlying rocks cemented by coarse-grained, calcareous and sandy
matrix.

A

Alat Conglomerate

388
Q

between
Santa Maria and Balu rivers in Bulacan. It also covers large portions of
Pasig City, Makati City, southern Rizal province and adjoining areas. The
whole sequence is flat-lying, medium to thin bedded and consists of finegrained vitric tuffs and welded pyroclastic breccias with minor fine- to
medium-grained tuffaceous sandstone. Dark mafic minerals and bits of
pumiceous and scoriaceous materials are dispersed in the glassy tuff
matrix.

A

Diliman Tuff

389
Q

Basalt, volcanic breccia, fragmental flow,
pyroclastic rocks, sandstone, mudstone,
minor chert

A

Pugo Formation

390
Q

age and thickness Pugo Formation

A

Cretaceous – Eocene
Thickness over 1,000 m and may reach 1,600 m

391
Q

prev name of Pugo Formation

A

Pugo Series

392
Q

rocks exhibit considerable effects of low-grade
metamorphism (greenschist facies) and even mapped separately as

A

Dalupirip Schist

393
Q

The equivalent of the Pugo Formation in the Cervantes-Bontoc area is

A

Lepanto Metavolcanics,

394
Q

Lower member - Volcanic flows, breccia,
and tuff,
Upper member - Volcanic conglomerate,
sandstone, tuff

A

Malitep Formation

395
Q

age and thickness of Late Eocene
Thickness Lower member – 750 m; Upper member –

A

Late Eocene
Thickness Lower member – 750 m; Upper member –
1,700 m

396
Q

exposed along Layacan River west of Besao
is composed chiefly of basalt, basaltic andesite and pyroclastic rocks
intercalated with 2-m thick limestone. Formation II is made up of andesite
lava and andesitic pyroclastic rocks with intercalated limestone lenses,
reaching up to 50 m thick along Malibcong River in Abra

A

e Licuan I formation

397
Q

considered equivalent to the Malitep Formation, also contains limestone
lenses up to 50 m thick in the Abra area

A

Licuan II formation,

398
Q

Lower member – limestone, biomicrite,
biosparite
Upper member – red and green
mudstones with minor conglomerate;

A

Sagada Formation

399
Q

prev name of Sagada Formation

A

Sagada Limestone

400
Q

age and thickness ofSagada Formation

A

Late Eocene – Early Oligocene
Thickness >200 m and may reach 400 m.

401
Q

A large part of the Sagada Formation apparently corresponds to the
Ti

A

Tineg Formation

402
Q

also be equivalent to the upper member of the Sagada Formation

A

Apaoan Volcaniclastics

403
Q

lower limestone member of the Sagada Formation is correlated
with the

A

Columbus Formation

404
Q

Hornblende quartz diorite, tonalite,
granodiorite, quartz monzodiorite,
pyroxene-bearing diorite, hornblende
diorite, monzodiorite, minor gabbro

A

Central Cordillera Diorite Complex

405
Q

age Central Cordillera Diorite Complex

A

Late Oligocene

406
Q

prev name of Central Cordillera Diorite Complex

A

Agno Batholith

407
Q

Conglomerate, sandstone, shale, with
minor limestone and interbeds of volcanic
flows and tuff

A

Zigzag Formation

408
Q

age and thickness of Late Oligocene – Early Miocene
Thickness 1,700 m and may even reach 3,000 m

A

Late Oligocene – Early Miocene
Thickness 1,700 m and may even reach 3,000 m

409
Q

prev name of Zigzag Formation

A

Zigzag Series

410
Q

exposed along the Baguio-Cagayan Basin
Road, is correlated with the Zigzag Formation. It lies above the Columbus
Formation. It outcrops between Bokod Fault to the west and Pingkian to
the east formation consists of red
and green beds of tuffs, volcanic sandstones and andesitic conglomerates
whose total thickness could exceed 1,000 m.

A

Bokod Formation

411
Q

s best exposed along Sabangan River near Bauko. It was named by
geologists of Lepanto Consolidated Mining Company for the thick
sequence of sandstones, volcanic conglomerates, basalt flows, andesitic
pyroclastics and breccia forming the Balili Cliffs on the western flank of Mt.
Data.

A

Balili Formation

412
Q

Massive biohermal limestone with
associated calcarenite and calcirudite and
minor mudstone

A

Kennon Limestone

413
Q

age and thickness

A

late Early Miocene – early Middle Miocene
Thickness 240 m at the type locality

414
Q

Towards the top, the limestone grades into a bioherm-mudstone
complex with a thickness of 52 m, which was separately named by Durkee
and Pederson (1961) as member of
the Kennon Limestone.

A

Twin Peaks Formation

415
Q

the Cervantes-Bontoc area is considered
equivalent to the Kennon Limestone. This limestone is about 100 m thick
and was dated Early to Middle Miocene, probably Middle Miocene

A

Butac Limestone

416
Q

Hornblende quartz diorite, tonalite, minor
gabbro

A

Itogon Quartz Diorite

417
Q

age of Itogon Quartz Diorite

A

Middle Miocene

418
Q

Lower member - Polymictic conglomerates
Upper member – Sandstone, mudstone,
shale with minor conglomerate, limestone,
calcarenite and calcirudite

A

Klondyke Formation

419
Q

age andn thickness Klondyke Formation

A

late Middle Miocene to early Late Miocene
Thickness 2,820 m at the type locality; up to 3,500 for
the Marcos Highway section

420
Q

prev name of Klondyke Series

A

Klondyke Series

421
Q

These conglomerates with
interbeds of alternating gray to black siltstones and sandstones were
earlier defined as verlying the volcaniclastics of
the Balili Formation

A

Suyoc Conglomerate

422
Q

Porous to massive coralline limestone

A

Mirador Limestone

423
Q

age and thickness

A

Late Miocene
Thickness > 120 m

424
Q

probably equivalent to the Mirador Limestone. This
massive, cream to pink limestone body is 150 m thick and reported to be
confined within the pyroclastic beds of Klondyke Formation, about 200 m
above its base

A

e Copias Limestone

425
Q

ype locality is
at the Northern Cement quarry in barrio Labayug, Sison, Pangasinan. The
nature of the contact with the underlying Klondyke Formation is not clear,
since it is hidden, while its contact with the overlying Amlang Formation at
Sapid Creek is gradational.

A

Labayug
Limestone

426
Q

Tuff, andesite, basalt, volcanic breccia,
conglomerate

A

Baguio Formatio

427
Q

age and thickness of Baguio Formation

A

Late Miocene – Early Pliocene
Thickness > 100 m

428
Q

The poorly indurated conglomerate is equivalent
to the

A

Irisan Formation

429
Q

Quartz diorite porphyry

A

Black Mountain Quartz Diorite

430
Q

age of Black Mountain Quartz Diorite

A

Late Miocene - Pliocene

431
Q

Andesites, lamprophyres, appinites

A

Balacbac Andesite

432
Q

age of Balacbac Andesite

A

Late Miocene - Pliocene

433
Q

prev name of Balacbac Andesite

A

Emerald Creek Complex

434
Q

Dacite, breccias, pyroclastic rocks

A

Mankayan Dacitic Complex

435
Q

age Mankayan Dacitic Complex

A

Late Pliocene – Pleistocene

436
Q

prev name Mankayan Dacitic Complex

A

Imbaguila / Bato Dacite Porphyry

437
Q

dacitic rocks in mankayan were named as

A

s Imbaguila Dacite Porphyry, and Bato Dacite Porphyry

438
Q

Sandstone, conglomerate, with minor
dacitic tuff, ignimbrite

A

Malaya Formation

439
Q

age and thickness Malaya Formation

A

Pleistocene
Thickness 1,200 m

440
Q

Dacite, andesite, pyroclastic rocks, lahar

A

Pleistocene – Recent Volcanic Centers

441
Q

age of Pleistocene – Recent Volcanic Centers

A

Late Pleistocene - Recent

442
Q

thin veneer of ash fall in Lapangan, near the mine area of Lepanto
Consolidated Mining Co
younger value was given for the

A

Lapangan
Tuff,

443
Q

oldest rocks are Late Miocene (9 - 7 Ma) andesitic flows that are
exposed at the central isthmus of the island

A

Batan Island

444
Q

e highly porphyritic and range from basalts to
hornblende-orthopyroxene acid andesites.

A

Mt. Matarem

445
Q

ndicates calcalkaline basalts and basaltic andesites ranging in age from 3.8 to 2.9 Ma,
and possibly equivalent to the Mt. Matarem products on Batan.

A

Sabtang Island

446
Q

five volcanic centers of the island, namely Cayonan, Naydi,
Dionisio, Mt. Pangasun, and Mt. Babuyan, consist mainly of a succession
of calc-alkaline andesitic and basaltic andesitic lava flows

A

Babuyan de Claro Island

447
Q

he northern part of the island is made up of a Mio-Pliocene (3-7 Ma)
calc-alkaline andesite shield volcano with effusive vents. Volcanic centers,
namely,

A

Camiguin Island

448
Q

located approximately 30 km west of the main volcanic axis
of the Luzon arc (Batan – Babuyan – Camiguin - Mt. Cagua). It is
significantly older than the other islands (approximately 7 - 4 Ma) except for
Batan’s oldest units

A

Calayan Island

449
Q

This active volcano is considered part of the Babuyan segment, though
located in the northernmost part of Luzon, because it falls within the N-S
trend of the Northern Luzon extinct volcanic centers.

A

Mt. Cagua Volcano

450
Q

Basalt, andesite, pyroclastic rocks,
sandstone, shale

A

Abuan Formation

451
Q

age of Abuan Formation

A

eocene

452
Q

prev name of Abuan Formation

A

Abuan River Formation

453
Q

The Abuan is probably partly equivalent to the

A

Caraballo Group

454
Q

The Abuan Formation may be correlated with the

A

Mt. Cresta
Formation,

455
Q

considered as
the basement of the Cagayan Valley sedimentary sequence in BMG
(1981), may be regarded as partly equivalent to the Abuan Formation

A

Dumatata Formation

456
Q

Volcanic flows, breccias, pyroclastic rocks,
sandstone, conglomerate, siltstone,
mudstone

A

Dibuluan Formation

457
Q

age of Dibuluan Formation

A

early oligocene

458
Q

prev name Dibuluan Formation

A

Dibuluan River Formation

459
Q

This formation is partly equivalent to the

A

Dumatata Formation

460
Q

The Dibuluan could also be correlated with the
Oligocene
could be correlated with the

A

Masipi Green Tuff
Mamparang
Formation

461
Q

The Dibuluan Formation may also be considered as
partly equivalent to the

A

Lower Zigzag Formation

462
Q

Limestone, calcarenite, calcirudite

A

Ibulao Limestone

463
Q

age of Ibulao Limestone

A

Late Oligocene

464
Q

Limestone, calcarenite, calcirudite

A

Sicalao Limestone

465
Q

age and thickness of Sicalao Limestone

A

Late Oligocene (?)
Thickness 546 m

466
Q

Sandstone, mudstone, shale, claystone,
conglomerate

A

Lubuagan Formation

467
Q

age and thickness Lubuagan Formation

A

Late Oligocene - Early Miocene
Thickness 2,700 m

468
Q

prev name of lubuagan formation

A

Lubuagan Coal Measures

469
Q

named after Balbalan, a barrio
along Mabaca River between Saltan and Pasil rivers in Kalinga- Apayao. It
is composed dominantly of fine- to coarse-grained sandstone and
conglomerate

A

Balbalan Sandstone Member

470
Q

It consists mainly of interbedded
shale and graywacke. The member has a thickness of about 1500 m

A

lower Asiga Member

471
Q

haracterized by the predominance of
dark gray silty claystone with occasional thin graywacke beds

A

upper Buluan Member

472
Q

spanning the age range of Late Oligocene to Early Miocene may be
considered equivalent to the Lubuagan Formation

A

e Upper Zigzag Formation

473
Q

Limestone, conglomerate, sandstone,
shale

A

Callao Formation

474
Q

age and thickness of Callao Formation

A

Middle Miocene
Thickness 540 - 1,000 m

475
Q

The Callao Formation is equivalent to the outcrops at the southern end of the Cagayan
Valley Basin

A

Aglipay Formation

476
Q

Calcareous shale and sandstone;
limestone; siltstone; conglomerate

A

Cabagan Formation

477
Q

age and thickness of Cabagan Formation

A

Late Miocene – Early Pliocene
Thickness 750-1,000 m

478
Q

Sandstone, conglomerate, shale

A

Ilagan Formation

479
Q

age and thickenss of Ilagan Formation

A

Late Pliocene – Early Pleistocene
Thickness 2,200 m

480
Q

prev name of Ilagan Formation

A

Ilagan Sandstone

481
Q

Dacitic tuff, tuffaceous sandstone

A

Awiden Mesa Formation

482
Q

age of Awiden Mesa Formation

A

Late Pleistocene
Thickness 300 m

483
Q

The formation is probably equivalent to the awiden

A

Tabuk Formation

484
Q

Amphibolite, peridotite, pyroxenite, dunite,
gabbro, serpentinite

A

Dinagat Ophiolite

485
Q

age and prev name of Dinagat Ophiolite

A

Cretaceous (?)
Previous name Ultramafic rocks

486
Q

2 part s of dinagat ophiolite

A

Humandum Serpentinite
Pangulanganan Basalt

487
Q

Patnanongan Formation
reports a
nannoplankton age dating of early Middle Miocene for the lower part of this
formation. An age range of early Middle Miocene to Late Miocene is
adopted here

A

billedo

488
Q

Langoyen Limestone age and thickness

A

late Early Miocene – early Middle Miocene
Thickness 56 m (maximum)

489
Q

who anmed langyoen limestone

A

billedo

490
Q

underlying low gentle hills and scattered as small
patches along the eastern coast, north and south of Bordeos appears to be discontinuous, lenticular, and partly coralline, with
a maximum thickness of 56 m crops out along Bordeos River, Sumuot
Creek and at Sabang within the municipality of Bordeos. The limestone
unconformably overlies a thin sequence of dark gray to green sandstone
belonging to the upper portions of the Bordeos Formation. An age range of late Early
Miocene to early Middle Miocene is adopted

A

Langoyen Limestone

491
Q

Microfossils in arkosic limestone sampled by Billedo (1994) also indicate a
Late Oligocene to Early Miocene age for the formation

A

Bordeos Formation

492
Q

Billedo (1994) considers the limestone bodies as the upper member of
the Anawan Formation and designated it as the

A

Babacolan Limestone
Member

493
Q

equivalent to the Lubi Formation of
Magpantay

A

Anawan Formation

494
Q

was given
preference by Billedo (1994) and adopted here because the section at
Anawan is considered more complete.

A

Anawan Formation

495
Q

Pyroxenite, gabbro, amphibolite, pillow
basalt

A

Buhang Ophiolitic Complex

496
Q

age of Buhang Ophiolitic Complex

A

Cretaceous

497
Q

prev name of Buhang Ophiolitic Complex

A

Buhang Point Meta-ophiolite

498
Q

named by Billedo (1994) Buhang
Point Meta-ophiolite for the exposures of serpentinized pyroxenite, gabbros
and minor amphibolite at Buhang Point, Polillo Island
volcanic carapace of the ophiolites is represented by outcrops of
pillow basalts in Polillo Island, Jomalig Island and Canaway Island (at the
eastern extremity of Jomalig Island). In Polillo Island, an outcrop along the
beach shows pillow basalt together with its reddish pelagic interstices
s show an island arc affinity

A

Buhang Ophiolite

499
Q

The Buhang Ophiolite is probably equivalent to the meta-ophiolites
designated as

A

Katablingan Metamorphics

500
Q

The
Buhang is also correlated to the found in
northeastern Luzon and is thought to represent the metamorphosed
equivalent of the Isabela Ophiolite

A

Dibut Bay Meta-ophiolite

501
Q

Calcareous sandstones and mudstone

A

Palanan Formation

502
Q

age of Palanan Formation

A

late Middle Miocene – early Late Miocene

503
Q

was
thought to underlie the Kanaipang Limestone
this formation actually rests unconformably over
the older Kanaipang Limestone.
made up of thickly
bedded sequence of calcareous sandstone and indurated mudstone.

A

Palanan Formation

504
Q

age and thickness of Aglipay Limestone

A

Middle Miocene
Thickness 200 m at the type locality

505
Q

prev name of Aglipay Limestone

A

Aglipay Formation

506
Q

light pink limestone exposed near
Aglipay, Quirino in the lower reaches of Addalam River Billedo (1994)
reports an average thickness of around 200 m at the type locality. It
probably corresponds to the Middle Miocene Macde Limestone of
Hashimoto and others (1978) exposed near Macde, some 20 km
southwest of Bayombong, Nueva Vizcaya

A

Aglipay Limestone

507
Q

Coralline limestone with associated
calcilutite and calcarenite

A

Kanaipang Limestone

508
Q

age of Kanaipang Limestone

A

Early Miocene

509
Q

mall, nearly flat-lying, isolated patches of limestone near the
shoreline between Dinapique and Palanan
rest unconformably over peridotites of the Isabela Ophiolite
basal conglomerate of the formation also contains numerous
subrounded to rounded clasts of peridotite, gabbro and reddish to greenish
volcanic rocks in a calcareous matrix Southwest of Palanan, the basal part
of the formation resting on the peridotites consists of interbeds of
calcilutite, calcarenite and massive coralline limestone

A

Kanaipang Limestone

510
Q

defined by Billedo (1994) with type locality
along Disubini River at the southern portion of San Ildefonso Peninsula is
apparently equivalent to the Sta. Fe Formation.
outcrops in the
interior and along the eastern shoreline between Palanan and Dinapique,
Isabela composed of a lower limestone member
and an upper turbidite member. The limestone member, which is about 20-
25 m thick, unconformably overlies the ultramafic rocks of the Isabela
Ophiolite. The upper turbidite member consists of shale-sandstone
interbeds with minor thin layers of limestone. The upper member is often in
fault contact with the lower limestone member although the turbidite
sequence was observed to rest conformably over the limestone in Sto.
Niño.

A

Disubini Formation

511
Q

Three local
exposures of the limestone member have been observed to lie
unconformably over the plutonic rocks of the Dupax Diorite Complex and
he basaltic clastic rocks of the

A

Caraballo Formation

512
Q

lower member - limestone
upper member - clastic rocks

A

Sta. Fe Formation synonym is disubini

513
Q

age and thickness of Sta. Fe Formation

A

Late Oligocene – Early Miocene
Thickness 800 m

514
Q

The agglomerates found in
Aburao Creek are reddish on weathered surfaces and contain well-bedded
angular green and red siltstone and mudstone probably reworked from the
underlying

A

Caraballo Formation

515
Q

has observed an outcrop of volcanic conglomerate identified
with Mamparang Formation to lie unconformably on the pelagic
volcaniclastic rocks of the Caraballo Formation at the mouth of the
Dikapanikian River, north of Dingalan, Nueva Ecija
Basalt and andesite flows, tuff breccia, tuff
and minor dacitic rocks, mudstone and
limestone

A

Mamparang Formation

516
Q

age and thickenss of Mamparang Formation

A

late Early Oligocene
Thickness 4,000 m

517
Q

Quartz diorites, including tonalite and
granodiorite, having similar ages as the diorites at Dupax, which are
exposed in the axial part of northern Sierra Madre, were designated by
Billedo (1994) as the

A

Northern Sierra Madre Batholith

518
Q

the diorites
of Caraballo (otherwise known as

A

Dupax Batholith

519
Q

Pillow basalt, pelagic limestone
consists mainly of pillow basalts
interstratified with steeply dipping pelagic limestones, which Billedo (1994)
considers as distinct from the Bicobian Basalt and Dikinamaran Chert
formation is distributed along the coast of Palanan from Dipaguiden to
Dibuaka
unconformable over the Isabela Ophiolite as well as with the overlying
Kanaipang Limestone and Palanan Formation. Radiometric K-Ar dating of
a sample of the basalt indicates an age of 87 Ma, equivalent to Late
Cretaceous

A

Dibuakag Volcanic Complex

520
Q

age and thickness of Dibuakag Volcanic Complex

A

Late Cretaceous
Thickness 800 m

521
Q

Dibuakag (also known as

A

Kananalatiang Point

522
Q

Outcrops of greenschists along Dalugan Bay at the eastern coast of
San Ildefonso Peninsula could be weakly metamorphosed equivalents of
the Dibuakag Volcanic Complex. These are elongated or stretched pillow
basalts, schistose volcanic breccia and andesitic flow with marble lenses
and associated phyllites and greenschists. South of Baler, greenschists
and highly silicified lithic tuffs were also encountered. These rocks were
named by Billedo (1994) as

A

Dalugan Schist

523
Q

s Dalugan Schist. It may be correlated with the

A

Quidadanom Schist of Polillo Island.

524
Q

Peridotite, massive and layered gabbro,
sheeted dike complex, pillow basalt,
pelagic sedimentary rocks
Constitutes the basement of northern
Sierra Madre; unconformably overlain by
the Dibuakag Volcanic Complex
Distribution Coastal strip from Dinapique Point to
Bicobian, Isabela; Baler, Quezon; San
Ildefonso Peninsula
Age Early Cretaceous
consists of an ultramafic complex, gabbros and
associated pillow basalt and pelagic sedimentary rocks as well as their
metamorphic equivalents.

A

Isabela Ophiolite
NORTHERN SIERRA MADRE - CARABALLO (SG 4)

525
Q

The ultramafic rocks are extensively exposed along the coast from
Dinapique Point northwards to Divilacan Bay, which was designated by
Aurelio and Billedo (1987) as

A

s Isabela Ultramafic Complex
consist
mostly of peridotite with subordinate dunite and pyroxenite, which are
almost completely serpentinized and intruded in some places by diabasic
dikes

526
Q

Pillow basalt, represented by Bicobian Basalt, was found to be in
thrust contact with the overlying pelagic Dikinamaran Chert in Bicobian,
Isabela. The Dikinamaran Chert was previously named Dikinamaran River
Pelagics by

A

billedo

527
Q

Metamorphosed equivalents of the Isabela Ophiolite are found eastsoutheast of Baler and in San Ildefonso Peninsula, named by Billedo
(1994) as A sample of the
amphibolite gave a radiometric 40Ar39Ar dating of 92 Ma, equivalent to
early Late Cretaceous, which is considered as indicative of the age of
metamorphism of the ophiolite

A

Dibut Bay Metaophiolite

528
Q

Calcareous sandstone sampled in the lower portion of the formation
yielded large foraminifera indicating a Late Miocene age, while
nannofossils from a shale sample from the upper portion were dated Late
Miocene to late Early Pliocene (NN7 and NN11) as reported by

A

Aurelio and
Billedo

529
Q

Recent paleontological dating of samples of the Lubuagan Formation
indicates an age range of late Late Oligocene (nannofossil zone NP25) to
Early Miocene (nannofossil zones NN2- NN3) as reported by

A

Billedo

530
Q

ibulao limestone thickness acc to billedo

A

200-450 m for the limestone in the eastern side of
the valley.

531
Q

A shale sample collected at the base of the
overlying Lubuagan Formation at Dibuluan River yielded nannofossils of
biochronological zone NP25 or late Late Oligocene, suggesting the upper
limit of the

A

Ibulao Limestone (

532
Q

It embodies the principal position of the westward-dipping
monoclinal structure of the Cagayan Basin. It unconformably overlies the
Abuan Formation and is unconformably overlain by the Ibulao Limestone
along Dibuluan River and elsewhere in the southeastern end of the referring to the dibuluan fromation

A

Cagayan Valley Basin

533
Q

Unconformable over the Bordeos
Formation
Distribution eastern coast of Polillo Island

A

Langoyen Limestone

534
Q

Constitutes the basement of Polillo Island;
overlain by Bordeos Formation
Distribution Buhang Point and Sabang Polillo Island;
Jomalig and Canaway Islands

A

Buhang Ophiolitic Complex

535
Q

Unconformable over the Kanaipang
Limestone
Distribution Palanan, Isabela

A

Palanan Formation

536
Q

Unconformable over the Caraballo
Formation
Distribution Aglipay, Quirino

A

Aglipay Limestone

537
Q

Unconformable over Isabela Ophiolite
Distribution Dinapique and Palanan, Isabela

A

Kanaipang Limestone

538
Q

Unconformable over Dupax Diorite and
Caraballo Formation
Distribution Natbang – Sta. Fe – Dalton Pass, Nueva
Vizcaya; Baler, Quezon

A

Sta. Fe Formation

539
Q

Unconformable over the Isabela Ophiolite
Distribution Palanan, Isabela

A

Dibuakag Volcanic Complex

540
Q

Constitutes the basement of northern
Sierra Madre; unconformably overlain by
the Dibuakag Volcanic Complex
Distribution Coastal strip from Dinapique Point to
Bicobian, Isabela; Baler, Quezon; San
Ildefonso Peninsula

A

Isabela Ophiolite

541
Q

Unconformable over the Dibuluan
Formation; unconformably overlain by the
Lubuagan Formation
Distribution Kiangan Valley, Ifugao; Maddela and
Bayombong Nueva Vizcaya; Jones and
Cabagan, Isabela

A

Ibulao Limestone

542
Q

Lower sandstone and upper limestone
members
Stratigraphic relations Unconformable over Taragona
Conglomerate
Distribution Pacific Coast from Manay to south of
Cateel River
Age Early – Late Pleistocene

A

Manay Formation

543
Q

Piedmontite schist, quartzofeldspathic
schist, quartz-chlorite-sericite schist,
amphibolite schist
Stratigraphic relations Unconformably overlain by the Kiamba
Formation
Distribution Salbuyon and Apno creeks, southeastern
part of the Cotabato Cordillera (Daguma
Range)
Age Cretaceous (?)

A

Salbuyon Schist

544
Q

prev name of Salbuyon Schist

A

Salbuyon Formation

545
Q

Hornblende diorite
Stratigraphic relations Intrudes Salbuyon Schist and Kiamba
Formation Kiamba, Maasin and Bagumbayan, South
Cotabato
Age Early Oligocene

A

Daguma Diorite

546
Q

Conglomerate, sandstone, mudstone,
limestone
Stratigraphic relations Conformable above the Nakal Formation
Distribution Patut Creek, western North Cotabato
Age Middle Miocene
Thickness 900 m – 1,150 m

A

Patut Formation

547
Q

prev anem of Patut Formation

A

Patut Sandstone and Conglomerate

548
Q

Volcanic and volcaniclastic rocks
Stratigraphic relations Capped by limestone
Age Early Miocene (?)
Named by MGB (this volume)

A

Malita Formation

549
Q

Conformable over the Pangyan Formation
Distribution Upper Glan and Big Lun rivers
Age Middle Miocene
Thickness ~ 915 m

A

Glan Formation

550
Q

Limestone, sandstone, shale,
conglomerate
Stratigraphic relations Unconformable over the Buayan
Formation
Distribution Coastal areas from Malapatan in the north
to Mananda in the south and northeastern part of Sarangani Bay; Latian and Dimulok
rivers
Age Pliocene - Pleistocene
Thickness ~ 400 m

A

Gumasa Formation

551
Q

constitutes Balut Island south of Saranggani Peninsula
representing the northernmost volcano of the present day Sangihe arc. It
stands 1,800 above the seafloor but only 883 m is above sea level
(Comvol, 1981). Products from this inactive volcano are basaltic.

A

Balut Volcano

552
Q

The southern Pacific Cordillera consists of several massifs in tectonic
contact with one another, which may be affiliated either with the Philippine
arc or the

A

Pujada Ophiolite

553
Q

Amphibolite, dunite, peridotite, gabbro,
volcanic and sedimentary rocks
Stratigraphic relations Overlain by the Tagabakid and Sigaboy
Formations
Distribution Pujada Peninsula; New Bataan,
Compostela Valley, Maragusan Valley
Age Cretaceous

A

Pujada Ophiolite

554
Q

The west dipping Pujada Ophiolite includes the

A

Ansuwang Amphibolite,
Magpapangi Greenschist, Surop Peridotite, Nagas Peridotite, Matalao
Gabbro, Lumao Diabase, Kalunasan Basalt and Iba Formation

555
Q

Amphibolite
Stratigraphic relations Below the Surop Ultramafic Complex and
thrusted over the Kalunasan Basalt
Distribution Ansuwang Creek; Tagbibi; Malibago

A

Ansuwang Amphibolite

556
Q

The amphibolites are structurally below the

A

Surop Peridotite and
thrusted over the Kalunasan Basalt and the greenschists

557
Q

Actinolite schist, chlorite schist, antigorite
schist
Stratigraphic relations Thrusted over the Surop Peridotite
Distribution Magpapangi; Tagugpo

A

Magpapangi Greenschist

558
Q

Harzburgite, lherzolite, dunite, serpentinite
Stratigraphic relations Above the Ansuwang Amphibolite;
thrusted against the Kalunasan Basalt;
overlain by Sigaboy Clastics
Distribution Surop River; Ilihan and Andap creeks
Previous Name Surop Ultramafics

A

Surop Peridotite

559
Q

n the central portion of the peninsula, a narrow metamorphic belt, 50
m to 200 m wide, designated as

A

Tagugpo Schist,

560
Q

This group name was introduced by Hashimoto and Sato (1973) to
include the

A

Bacuit, Minilog, Liminangcong and Guinlo formations, exposed
in the Malampaya Sound area in northern Palawan

561
Q

Sandstone, altered tuff, calcareous
sandstone, chert and slate
Stratigraphic relations Unconformable over the Barton
Metamorphics (Reyes, 1971) and
conformably overlain by the Minilog
Limestone.
Distribution Manmegmeg Bay, south of Bacuit
(formerly El Nido town);
Dilumacad Island, Barboring Bay,
southern part of Natnat Island, north of
Bacuit, Casian Island and the southern
coast of Cadlao Island
Age Middle Permian to Late Permian
Thickness About 1500-4500 m (BMG, 1972); the
chert is about 1000 m in the Calamian
Islands

A

Bacuit Formation

562
Q

he name Bacuit was first used by Reyes (1971) for the sequence of
shales, sandstones, conglomerate and limestone unconformably overlying
the Barton Metamorphics. Its type locality is in the town of Bacuit, the old
name of El Nido municipality. It was later termed

A

Bacuit Chert

563
Q

Limestone
Stratigraphic relations One of the exotic blocks in the
olistostrome of northern
Palawan; apparently overlies the Bacuit
Formation
Distribution Minilog Island; west coast of Inabamalaki
Island, west coast of El Nido town;
Cudugman Point on Bacuit Bay, limestone
pinnacles in the islands of the Cuyo Group
of Islands; some islets of the Tara Group
Age Late Permian to Middle Triassic
Thickness 100-300 meters

A

Minilog Limestone

564
Q

prev name of Minilog Limestone

A

Minilog Formation

565
Q

Chert/radiolarite, black slate, tuff
Stratigraphic relations Considered part of an olistostrome but
noted to underlie the Coron Limestone
and unconformably rest on the Minilog
Limestone
Distribution Liminangcong coast at the northern part of
Malampaya Sound; widely distributed in
the northern part of mainland Palawan
including the Calamian Group of Islands Late Permian to Late Jurassic
Thickness 500 - 1,000 m

A

Liminangcong Formation

566
Q

equivalent to the Coron Formation

A

King Ranch Formation and Malajon Limestone

567
Q

Sandstone, conglomerate
Stratigraphic relations Unconformable over the Coron Formation
and overlain by the Maytiguid Limestone
Distribution Guinlo Point, at Malampaya Sound; other
places in the vicinity of Malampaya Sound;
Mabin, Maytiguid, Ariara, Cagbatang,
Inoulay, Imorigue Islands
Age Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous
Named by Hashimoto and Sato (1973)
Correlation Mansiol Conglomerate (Teves, 1953) at
Mindoro

A

Guinlo Formation

568
Q

Muscovite schist, graphite schist, quartzite
Stratigraphic relations Stratigraphically below the Concepcion
Phyllite
Distribution Caramay, Roxas; major rivers around
Roxas; Tinitian Area; San Vicente;
northwest of Tumarbong
Age Cretaceous

A

Caramay Schist

569
Q

Hornblende quartz diorite, andesite
porphyry, biotite tonalite porphyry and
other intermediate porphyries
Stratigraphic relations Intrudes Marinduque, TaluntunanTumicob, San Antonio and Torrijos
Formations
Distribution Lobo, Mahinhin-Puting Buhangin,
Tumagabok
Age late Early Miocene

A

Lobo Quartz Diorite

570
Q

Siltstone, sandstone, conglomerate
Stratigraphic relations Unconformable over the Gasan Formation
Distribution Boac; northwestern coastal area
Age Early Pliocene - Pleistocene
Thickness 400 m

A

Boac Formation

571
Q

Sandstone, shale, mudstone, limestone,
conglomerate
Stratigraphic relations Unconformable over the Panaon
Limestone
Distribution Vigo River Valley; widespread along the
length of the peninsula
Age Early – Middle Miocene
Thickness 2,530 m

A

Vigo Formation

572
Q

Previous name Vigo Shale

A

Vigo Formation

573
Q

Tabgon Flysch – conglomerate,
graywacke, shale, siltstone
Ragas Olistostrome – sandstone,
siltstone, shale matrix with blocks of
limestone, andesites, wackes, siltstone
Stratigraphic relations Not reported
Distribution Easternmost part of the peninsula from
Tabgon to Ragas Point and from Guijalo
to Rungus Point
Age Middle – Late Eocene

A

Caramoan Formation

574
Q

immediately northwest of Tabgon, a rhythmically
interbedded sequence of fine and coarse graywacke, siltstone, shale and
conglomerates shows a typical flysch sequence. The conglomerates, which
form the lower part of the sequence, contain clasts of volcanic rocks,
quartz and occasional metamorphic rocks. The upper part consists of
regular interbeds of graywacke and shale

A

Tabgon Flysch

575
Q
A
576
Q

PH land area

A

119, 268 sq. miles

577
Q

PH land area

A

119, 268 sq. miles

578
Q

coastline of ph

A

207,749 miles

579
Q

northernmost island with the native name Y’Ami

A

Mavulis

580
Q

southernmost island

A

Salaug

581
Q

age of west ph basin acc to paleomagnetic data

A

60-35 Ma

582
Q

age of west ph basin acc to deep see drilling

A

53-42 Ma

583
Q

age of parece vela

A

30 Ma

584
Q

shikoku age

A

10Ma

585
Q

marianas basin age

A

6 Ma

586
Q

age of west marianas ridge

A

20-9 Ma

587
Q

which directin is scs bound to ph archipelago

A

NW

588
Q

depth of scs

A

4km

589
Q

NW subbasin thickness of sulu sea basin

A

6-8 km

590
Q

SE subbasin thickness

A

1-2 km

591
Q

dip of ph trench

A

4-15

592
Q

inclinationg and plunge of ph treench

A

20 and plunges 45

593
Q

dip of east luzon

A

16-18

594
Q

dip of manila trench

A

22-13

595
Q

depth of manila trench

A

5100m

596
Q

thickness of sed fill of manila trench

A

250-2600 m

597
Q

dip of cotabato trench

A

6 N

598
Q

dip of nwgros trench

A

10N

599
Q

active volcanic arc in mindanao margin

A

western

600
Q

upper oligocene middle eocene marine

A

ilocos central luzon basin

601
Q

pre paleogeme ophiolitic basement and cretaceous paleogeme arc sequences sed fill 8100m

A

cagayan valley basin

602
Q

4600 sed fill

A

southern luzon bicol basin

603
Q

ophiolitic crust

A

mindoro basin

604
Q

paleogene vonaic brly 5000m sed fill

A

iloilo basin

605
Q

installed unconformably over deformed volcaniclastic basement 4000 msed fill

A

visayan sea basin

606
Q

middle kiocene widespread limestone covers 25% island

A

samar basin

607
Q

lower niocene volcaniclastics unconformably overlie a mixed basement of ophiolites and metamorphic rock

A

upper oligocene lower miocene of samar basin

608
Q

thickest sed fill 12000m

A

agusan davao basin

609
Q

sed fill is 8000m

A

cotabato basin

610
Q

when id the au cu vein mineratlixation occurs in eastern mindanao

A

eocene-miocene

611
Q

length of ph fault

A

1200 kn luzon to mindanao

612
Q

where did the ms 7.8 earthquake dur to movement of northern segment of fault occurred

A

vicinit tof cabanatuan

613
Q

transpressional regime where movement is both by strike slip and thrust faulting

A

northern segment NW Luzon to Lanon Bay

614
Q

stretch kf guingayan

A

30km

615
Q

bounds eastern flank of agusan davao basin

A

southern segment mindanao and molucca sea

616
Q

easter flank of agusan davao basin

A

southern segment:mindanao and moluccas

617
Q

what is the strike in surigao

A

N10-20W

618
Q

strike in davao

A

N-S

619
Q

decreased 2.4 cm/ye in surigao to about 1.0 cm/yr in davao

A

mati fault

620
Q

right lateral strike slip center of metropolitan manila obly 5km

A

Marikina Valley active fault system

621
Q

left lateral
NE-SW
quaternary volcanism

A

macolod corridor

622
Q

left lateral cuts trhough manila trench

A

lubang verse

623
Q

right lateral

A

mindoro aglubang fault

624
Q

left lateral offshore north of masbate

A

sibuyan fault

625
Q

left lateral
SE trending lineat from pascao in the ragay fault area passing tholrough lake bato

A

legaspi lineament

626
Q

right lateral tectonic boundary between mindoro and palawan western edge of pmb
connects with negros trench southwards subduction along the negros trench to collision towards mindoro

A

tablas lineament

627
Q

peft lateralNW trending linear fracturw western of min island

A

kindanao fault

628
Q

basement rocks ages permian

A

minilog limestone
olistolith in late jurassic

629
Q

early cret

A

guinlo formation in palawan

630
Q

igneous inteusion

A

kapoas granite

631
Q

hunstruck slate and rhynie chert

A

devonin period

for review (33 decks)

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