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meteorology Flashcards

1
Q

the decrease of temperature in the troposphere

A

Environmental Lapse Rate

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2
Q

The average value of the Environmental Lapse Rate at 6.5 degrees C/km

A

Normal Lapse Rate

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3
Q

The occasional condition when the air temperature may increase with height

A

Temperature Inversion

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4
Q

There region where the air temperature remains constant with height on average

A

Isothermal

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5
Q

Lines on a map connecting points that have the same temperature

A

Isotherm

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6
Q

breaks in the tropopause and the tropospheric air mixes with stratospheric air and vice versa, in which there are high winds often at speeds exceeding 100 knots

A

Jet streams

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7
Q

found between temperate region and the tropical region

A

subtropical jet streams

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8
Q

heat that can be felt and measured with a thermometer

A

sensible heat

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9
Q

transfer of atmospheric property through horizontal moving air

A

advection

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10
Q

light with wavelengths shorter than violet 0.4 um

A

ultraviolet

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11
Q

radiation as streams of particles

A

photons

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12
Q

longest day of the year that occurs june in the northern hemisphere and in december in the southern hemisphere

A

summer solstice

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13
Q

marks the first day of summer season

A

summer solstice

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14
Q

occurs during september in the northern hemisphere and considered as vernal equinox in the southern hemisphere

A

autumn equinox

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15
Q

In autumnal equinox which hemisphere does the mark of the first day of autumn season?

A

northern hemisphere

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16
Q

In autumnal equinox which hemisphere does the mark of the first day of spring season?

A

southern hemisphere

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17
Q

warm spell that occurs in some years around the middle autumn that may last up to several days up to a week or more

A

indian summer

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18
Q

shortest day of the year occurs in dec in the northern hemisphere and in june in southern hemisphere

A

winter solstice

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19
Q

marks the first day of winter

A

winter solstice

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20
Q

occurs during march in the northern hemisphere and considered as the autumnal equinox in the southern hemisphere

A

vernal equinox

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21
Q

called as the volume of air

A

parcel

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22
Q

called as the water vapor density

A

absolute humidity

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23
Q

weight or mass of the water vapor is compared with the volume of air in the parcel

A

absolute humidity

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24
Q

weight of the water vapor in the parcel is compared with the total weight of the air including vapor in the air

A

specific humidity

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25
Q

when the weight of the water vapor in the parcel with the weight or mass of the remaining dry air

A

mixing ratio

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26
Q

ratio of the amount of water vapor actual in the air to the maximum amount of water vapor required for saturation at that particular temperature and pressure

A

relative humidity

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27
Q

the partial pressure of water vapor, indicating the air’s total water vapor content

A

actual vapor pressure

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28
Q

describes how much water vapor is necessary to make the air saturated at any given temperature

A

saturation vapor pressure

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29
Q

air with relative humidity greater than 100%

A

supersaturated air

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30
Q

good indicator of the air’s actual water vapor content and the temperature to which air would have to be cooled with no change in air pressure or moisture content for saturation to occur

A

dew point

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31
Q

the relative dew point at or below freezing temperature

A

frost point

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32
Q

the relative dew point at or below freezing temperature

A

frost point

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33
Q

visible when frost that forms when the dew point is at our below freezing point

A

frost

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34
Q

index combining air temperature which relative humidity to determine the apparent temperature

A

heat index

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35
Q

instrument used to obtain dew point and relative humidity

A

psychrometer

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36
Q

instrument that measure humidity

A

hygrometer

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37
Q

layer of particles dispersed through a portion of the atmosphere

A

haze

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38
Q

forms either by air cooling below saturation or dew point or by evaporation and moist air mixes with relatively dry air

A

fog

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39
Q

also called as ground fog and is produced by Earth’s radiational cooling

A

radiation fog

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40
Q

forms when warm, moist air moves over a sufficiently colder surface cooling to its saturation point

A

advection fog

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41
Q

forms when warm, moist air moves over a sufficiently colder surface cooling to its saturation point

A

advection fog

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42
Q

fog that forms as moist air flows up along an elevated plain, hill, or mountain

A

unslope fog

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43
Q

also called mixing fog and forms when two unsaturated air masses mix, and evaporation initially enriches air with water vapor

A

evaporation fog

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44
Q

french naturalist that proposed in 1802 the first system for classifying clouds

A

jean baptiste lamarck

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45
Q

long streams of cirrus clouds

A

mare’s tails

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46
Q

also called scud and are irregular shreds with a ragged appearance that form as nimbostratus clouds drift rapidly with the wind

A

stratus clouds

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47
Q

when cumulus clouds continue to grow large and develop more vertically

A

cumulus congestus

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48
Q

clouds that form in the wave crest that usually have a lens shape

A

lenticular clouds

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49
Q

also called as cap cloud resembles silken scarf capping the top of a sprouting cumulus cloud, and forms when moist winds are deflected up and over the top of a building cumulus congestus

A

pileus clouds

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50
Q

luminous night clouds that appear as thin, wavy, bluish-white clouds that develop in the upper mesosphere, having starts shine brightly

A

nacreous clouds

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51
Q

appears as rolling, very turbulent, choppy wave cloud but doesn’t produce a stormy weather

A

asperitas clouds

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52
Q

region on the leeward side of the mountain where precipitation is low and air is often drier

A

rain shadow

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53
Q

clouds with temperatures above freezing at all levels

A

warm clouds

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54
Q

also called as ice pellets product of ice crystal accretion

A

Graupei

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55
Q

process of ice crystals growing larger as they collide with supercooled cloud droplets

A

accretion

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56
Q

also called bergeron process both ice crystals and liquid cloud droplets are present in clouds at temperatures below freezing

A

ice crystal process

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57
Q

raindrops only have diametes less than 0.5mm

A

drizzle

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58
Q

raindrops evaporate even before reaching the ground

A

virga

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59
Q

sudden rain that happens if the updraft weakens or changes direction and becomes downdraft, causing te suspended drops to fall to the ground

A

rainshower

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60
Q

type of snowfall that happens when ice crystals and snowflakes fall from high cirrus clouds and sublimates into vapor before reaching the ground

A

fallstreak

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61
Q

light showers of snow that develops from cumulus clouds and fall intermittently for short durations producing accumulations

A

flurries

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62
Q

sleet

A

falling snowflake falls into warmer air begins to melt turns back to ice and becomes ice pellet

63
Q

other term for freezing rain

A

glaze

64
Q

winds flowing in a straight path, parallel to the isobars at a constant speed

A

Geostropic wind

65
Q

winds are blowing in a west to east direction

A

zonal flow

66
Q

anemometer that measure changes in ultrasonic signals that are produced when the wind blows across three sets of transmitters and receivers

A

sonic anemometer

67
Q

wind circulations that has violent vertical motions that produce extreme turbulence and hazardous flying conditions

A

rotor

68
Q

sudden turbulence aloft that can occur when the wind changes its speed or direction

A

wind shear

69
Q

also called cold core are regions of surface high atmospheric pressure created as the atmosphere cools

A

thermal highs

70
Q

wavelike clouds that form in region of wind shear

A

billow clouds

71
Q

downslope winds stronger than mountain breezes

A

katabatic wind

72
Q

cold and gusty northeasterly wind descends from russia as a polar invasion of cold air down the slopes from high plateau and reaches lowlands

A

bora

73
Q

less violent descend the western mountains into the rhone valley of france and then into the meditteranean sea

A

mistral

74
Q

also called columbia gorge wind occurs when cold air accumulates over the columbia plateau that may flow westward through the columbia river gorge

A

coho

75
Q

also called columbia gorge wind occurs when cold air accumulates over the columbia plateau that may flow westward through the columbia river gorge

A
76
Q

descends the eastern slope of the rocky mountains

A

chinook wind

77
Q

chinook winds in the european alps

A

foehn

78
Q

chinook winds in the argentina

A

zonda

79
Q

warm, dry wind that flows downhill from the east or northeast into southern california sta ana canyon

A

sta ana wind

80
Q

tumbling dark cloud storm composed of dust or sand that forms as cold downdrafts

A

haboob

81
Q

model that proposes a huge thermally driven convection cell in each hemisphere

A

single cell model

82
Q

region over the equatorial waters where the air is warm, the horizontal pressure gradient is weak and the winds are light

A

doldrums

83
Q

belts of high pressure at latitudes near 30 degrees that are produced due to the convergence of air loft

A

subtropical highs

84
Q

steady winds blown due to the coriolis force deflecting tha air from the northeast in the northern hemisphere and from the southeast in the southern hemisphere

A

trade winds

85
Q

boundary near the equator where the air rises due to the convergence of the northeast trade and southeast trades

A

intertropical convergence zone

86
Q

westerly air flows found in both hemispheres at latitude 30 degrees that move toward the poles and deflects toward the east

A

westerlies

87
Q

zone of low pressure near the poles

A

subpolar low

88
Q

boundary between the tropical and polar air masses

A

polar front

89
Q

region of cold air from the poles being deflected by the coriolis force, generating a general flow of air from the northeast

A

polar easterlies

90
Q

cell of thermal circulation in the poles found in both hemisphere

A

polar cell

91
Q

cell of thermal circulation between the latitudes 30 degrees and 60 degrees found in both hemispheres

A

ferrel cell

92
Q

cell of thermal circulation between the equator and latitude 30 degrees in both hemispheres

A

hadley cell

93
Q

a subtropical anticyclones found in eastern atlantic cell of thermal circulation between the latitudes 25 degrees and 35 degrees found in both hemispheres develop in response to the convergence of air aloft

A

bermuda high

94
Q

forms over southern indian ocean

A

willy-willy

95
Q

forms over the western south indian ocean

A

cyclone

96
Q

forms overwarm northern atlantic and eastern north pacific oceans

A

hurricane

97
Q

huge shallow thermal anticyclone in Asia that forms because of the intense cooling of the land

A

siberian high

98
Q

huge shallow less thermal anticyclone in north america that forms because of the intense cooling of the land

A

canadian high

99
Q

seesaw pattern of reversing surface air pressure at opposite ends of the paciific ocean

A

southern oscillation

100
Q

reversal in air pressure and the ocean warming being more or less simultaneous

A

ENSO el nino southern oscillation

101
Q

ocean atmosphere interactions where a warmer or colder ocean surface can influence weather patterns in distant parts of the world

A

teleconnections

102
Q

oscillation like ENSO that has a warm and cool phase but has more influence in the mid talitudes of the north pacific than in the tropical pacific and operates a much longer scale

A

pacific decadal oscillation

103
Q

wINDS INCREASE BETWEEN 20 ANd 24

A

tropical depression

104
Q

winds reach between 35 and 63

A

tropical storm

105
Q

theory explaining the life cycle of a mid latitude cyclone

A

polar front theory

106
Q

process of developing or strengthening a mid latitude cyclone

A

cyclogenesis

107
Q

storms that form along the eastern seaboard of USA and then move northeastward

A

nor’ easters

108
Q

troughs and developing cyclones that formed as westerly winds blow over a mountain range with the air expanding vertically on the downwind or lee side, which can help intensity and pre-existing areas of low pressure

A

lee side lows

109
Q

A scale for cyclonee that uses maximum winds that are accurately determinedby modern observing techniques and are more directly relevant to a storm’s impact

A

saffir-simpson hurrican scale

110
Q

two or more tropical cyclones pass or cross with each other

A

fujiwhara effect

110
Q

two or more tropical cyclones pass or cross with each other

A

fujiwhara effect

111
Q

two storms are equal in strength forming a common point between them where they orbit or dance around a center

A

dance effect

112
Q

interacting cyclones is more powerful than the other causing them to merge into one massive storm

A

merge effect

113
Q

the leading edge of the cold outflowing air that forms when the cold downdraft reaches the Earth’s surface and it pushes outward in all directions

A

gust front

114
Q

high winds behind a strong gust front that are distingushed from the rotatin gwind of a tornado

A

straight line winds

115
Q

forms as warm moist air rises along the forward edge of the gust front

A

shelf clouds

116
Q

ominous-looking that forms just behind the gust front which appear slowly spin about a horizontal axis

A

roll clouds

117
Q

huge gust front that forms when gust fronts merge

A

outflow boundary

118
Q

localized downdraft beneath an intense thunderstorm that hits the ground and spreads horizontally in a radial burst of wind, much like tap water pouring and striking the sink

A

downburst

119
Q

multicell thunderstorms that may form as a line of thunderstorms directly along a cold front and extend for hundreds of kilometes or may form in the warm air 100 to 300 km out ahead of the cold front

A

squall- line thunderstorms

120
Q

a line of multicell thunderstorms

A

squall line

121
Q

a bow shaped squall line

A

bow echo

122
Q

a bow shaped squall line

A
123
Q

windstorm that forms if straight line winds gusting to more than 50 knots

A

derecho

124
Q

may form in such a way that the outflow of cold air from the downdraft never undercuts the updraft in a region where there is a strong vertical wind shear

A

supercell thunderstorm

125
Q

intense, long lasting thunderstorm with a single violently rotating updraft

A

supercell

126
Q

rotating air column on the south side of the storm usually 5 to 10km across

A

mesocyclone

127
Q

a rotating cloud that may descend from the base of the storm if humid low level air drawn into the updraft

A

wall cloud

128
Q

narrow zone where there is a sharp horizontal change in moisture

A

dryline

129
Q

scale proposed by fujita for classifying tornadoes acc to their rotational win speed

A

enhanced fujita scale

130
Q

who made the classification for the world climate based on the annual and monthly averages of temperature and precipitation

A

waldimir koppen

131
Q

boreal forests of conifers and birches

A

taiga

132
Q

cold spell that occurred about 10000 years ago that ended abruptly

A

younger dryas

133
Q

cold spell that occurred about 10000 years ago that ended abruptly

A

interglacial period

134
Q

warmer periods between glacial advances which can last for 10000 years or more

A

interglacial period

135
Q

northern warm spell during the holocene epoch

A

mid-holocene maximum

136
Q

a cold period between the fifteenth to nineteenth centuries that averagely cooled the northern hemisphere by less than 1 degrees celcius but was cold enough to cause the alpine glaciers to grow and heavily impacted the many areas in europe making the winters long and severe, and summers short and wet

A

little ice age

137
Q

a period between 1645 and 1715 which coincides with the little ice age very few sunspots were observed which reduced the solar energy output

A

maunder minimum

138
Q

when did PAGASA established?

A

december 8, 1972

139
Q

what is the climate of the philippines

A

tropical and maritime and charac high temp, high humidity, and abundant rainfall due to its geography and location

140
Q

what is the mean annual temperature of ph

A

26.6 degrees celcius

141
Q

when is the coolest temperature and warmest temperature of ph

A

january 25.5 and may 28.3

142
Q

when does the temp and humidity attain their max levels in ph

A

march to may

143
Q

which places does receive the greatest precipitation in ph?

A

baguio, eastern samar, and eastern surigao

144
Q

which places does receive the lowest precipitation in ph?

A

cotabato gensan only 978 mm

145
Q

dry from nov to april and wet during the rest of the year max rain period is from june to sep

A

type I

146
Q

no dry season with a very pronounced max rain period from dec to feb no single dry month minimum monthly rainfall occurs during the period fromdec to feb or from march to may

A

type II

147
Q

no pronounced max rain period with very dry lasting only from one to 3 months dec to feb or march to may

A

type III

148
Q

rainfall is more or less evenly distributed

A

type IV

149
Q

also called winter monsoon and the northeast monsoon in the ph that brings cold winds from the northeast over the eastern side of the country oct-april

A

amihan

150
Q

also called as the summer monsoon southwest monsoon in the ph that brings warm, moist winds from the southwest over the western portion of the country from may to september

A

habagat

151
Q

how many enters the country?

A

average of 20 but 10 are typhoons and 5 can be destructive

152
Q

tropical cyclones active time

A

aug most active least is may

for review (33 decks)

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