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for review > Geologic landforms > Flashcards

Geologic landforms Flashcards

1
Q

This volcano is highly viscous and highly explosive

A

Stratovolcano

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2
Q

Low viscosity, runny lava, and spreads away from the source

A

Shield volcano

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3
Q

Also called scoria cones, steep with straight or gently concave sides

A

Cinder

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4
Q

Mixed landform and associated with lava flows and pyroclastic rocks

A

Complex volcano

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5
Q

volcanic caldera that has been partially filled by a new central cone

A

Somma Volcano

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6
Q

Deep sea hydrothermal vents volcanic activities release dark colored smoke

A

black smokers

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7
Q

roughly circular holes where volcanic origin is postulated and no igneous rock can be found and may have been formed from igneous eruptions

A

Cryptovolcano

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8
Q

What is the first modern theory of landscape evolution?

A

Geographical Cycle

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9
Q

Who expounded the geographical cycle?

A

William Morris Davis

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10
Q

branch of geomorphology studies the form of the land surface

A

geomorphometry

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11
Q

processes driven by geologic forces

A

endogenic processes

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12
Q

processes driven by climatic forces

A

exogenic processes

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13
Q

rapid flow of soil and regolith containing large amount of water

A

debris flow

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14
Q

permanently frozen ground

A

permafrost

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15
Q

slow sliding of saturated soil and regolith that can involve permafrost beneath sliding layer

A

solifluction

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16
Q

known as explosion craters and are shallow craters caused by volcanic eruptions

A

Maar

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17
Q

looks like coiled rope

A

pahoehoe lava

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18
Q

spheroidal shaped solidified lava formed when underwater when magma rapidly cooled made contact with salt water

A

Pillow lava

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19
Q

large quantity of molten lava in a crater, vent, or other depression in the ground

A

Lava lake

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20
Q

Also called stream valves

A

Fumaroles

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21
Q

volcanic vents which emit volalite gases at high temperatures in powerful jets

A

fumaroles

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22
Q

what are the gases emitted by fumaroles

A

sulfuric dioxide, hydrochloric acid, and ammonium

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23
Q

valley glaciers leave mountains and spread on to a flat land as large lobes of spreading ice

A

piedmont

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24
Q

glacial ice covering high uplands areas

A

ice caps

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25
Q

u shaped feature created during glaciation when narrow valleys undergo a transformation as the glacier widens and deepens them

A

glacial trough

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26
Q

large valley glacier systems consists of cirques that feed ice into a large trunk glacier

A

hanging valley

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27
Q

focal point of the glacier’s growth because it is the area of the snow accumulation

A

cirque

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28
Q

crest of rock left after two adjacent glaciers have worn a steep ridge into the rock

A

arete

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29
Q

subparallel normal faults dipping towards each other blocks are bounded up

A

horst

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30
Q

accumulations of dirt and rockes that have fallen onto the glacier surface or have been pushed along by the glacier as it moves

A

moraine

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31
Q

present at high latitudes where the ocean is adjacent to the mountains

A

fjord

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32
Q

present at high latitudes where the ocean is adjacent to the mountains

A

fjord

33
Q

rock outcrops that have been partially covered by ice caps due to topography

A

nunataks

34
Q

form by the erosion of gently sloping beds

A

cuestas

35
Q

rises some 1500 feet or more above its surroundings and has at least one steep side

A

plateau

36
Q

rises some 1500 feet or more above its surroundings and has at least one steep side

A
37
Q

forms from erosion attacks to form either a more or less straight front created by parallel retreat, or an irregular front with erosion scarps resulting from spring erosion or concentration of surface runoff

A

mesa

38
Q

flat topped, steep sided towers of rock

A

butte

39
Q

form due to the dissolution of carbonate rocks

A

cave

40
Q

large flat plain of karst territory

A

polje

41
Q

etched pitted grooved rugged surface formed from weathered limestone

A

lapies

42
Q

separated from each other by swamps or alluvial plains

A

tower karst

43
Q

terrain is approx equally shared by conical dolines and conical residual hills

A

cone karst

44
Q

surface drainage patter first develops on a non soluble rock and later erodes into soluble rock when subsurface drainage totally defeats the surface flow

A

karst valley

45
Q

closed cone or bowl shaped hollows and small or moderate depressions that forms from carbonate rocks

A

doline

46
Q

large scale doline

A

uvalas

47
Q

large isolated bodies of water forms due to water filling large depressions

A

lake

48
Q

deposition bar or beach landform off coasts or lake shores

A

spit

49
Q

bar that extends outward from the shore connecting an island

A

tombolo

50
Q

extends outwards from the shoreline in a triangular shape that forms through accretion and progradation of sand and shingle

A

cuspate foreland

51
Q

coastal wetlands that form when mud is deposited by tides or rivers

A

mudflat

52
Q

forms from action of waves to unconsolidated sediments

A

rippies

53
Q

deformed beds that rolled into small anticlines and sharp synclines formed due to the disturbance of paleocurrents

A

convulated beds

54
Q

temporary islands in a braided river

A

braid bars

55
Q

other term for braid bars

A

eyots

56
Q

fluvial system consisting of a river, lagoon, and barriers

A

estuary

57
Q

develops when channel leeve breaks and causes an overbank flooding

A

crevasse splay

58
Q

stream channels with flat floors and steep walls of sediment usually found in deserts and other arid climates due to water less conditions

A

arroyo

59
Q

circular holes that were caused by erosion due to the downward circular motion of eroding particles

A

potholes

60
Q

circular holes that were caused by erosion due to the downward circular motion of eroding particles

A

potholes

61
Q

sand seas or areas where there is high accumulation of sand

A

ergs

62
Q

wind blown silts of different compositions

A

loess

63
Q

areas where deep erosion of poorly consolidated rocks creates a landscape of steep slopes sparse vegetation and intricate stream networks

A

badlands

64
Q

crescentic concave ridges created by the transportation and deposition of sediment with the slip face transverse to the wind

A

transverse dune

65
Q

isolated long scoop shaped hollows or parabolas of sand with ends following the wind direction that forms due to sand blowouts and subsequent deposition

A

barchan dune

66
Q

form in coastal areas where partial cover of vegetation a strong onshore wind and opposite of barchan

A

parabolic dune

67
Q

form in coastal areas where partial cover of vegetation a strong onshore wind and opposite of barchan

A

parabolic dune

68
Q

dunes with varying directions of ends that form from highly variable with direction

A

star dune

69
Q

deflations where the topsoil or sand has been carried away by the wind

A

blowouts

70
Q

intricately pitted rock surfaces that have often been attributed to wind abrasion

A

honeycomb structures

71
Q

alcoves and niches in rock walls that may have been resulted from wind abrasion, where they are at the base of a cliff

A

wind caves

72
Q

short flat topped sand ridges which extend parallel to the prevailing winds but lack the collapsing fonts

A

undulations

73
Q

isolated rock islands formed due to its highly resistant nature

A

inselberg

74
Q

streamlined wind sculped landform carved in soft rock by persistent winds in flat deserts parallel to prevailing winds

A

yardang

75
Q

residual masses of weak rock capped with harder rock primarily formed by the wind action

A

pedestal rock

76
Q

irregular shaped rock formation that is tall and pillar like

A

hoodoo

77
Q

rocks that exhibit one or polished and faceted surfaces but these are rare because strong winds abundance of sand and absence of vegetation are essential to their best development

A

ventifact

78
Q

german term for debris avalanche

A

sturzstrom

79
Q

angle of reach or shadow angle

A

fahrboschung

for review (33 decks)

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