day 2 part 2

Question 1

proposes ores are direct magmatic product or are formed as products of differentiation

Answer 1

plutonism (magmatists)

Question 2

proposes that ore deposits were formed from sediments in a primeval ocean

Answer 2

neptunism (syngenetic ore)

Question 3

ore formed as the same time as the host rock

Answer 3

syngenetic ore

Question 4

ore formed after the formation of the host rock

Answer 4

epigenetic ore

Question 5

ore formed within the Earth

Answer 5

hypogene ore

Question 6

ore formed at the surface or near the surface of the Earth

Answer 6

supergene ore

Question 7

ore formed from either magmas or fluids

Answer 7

primary ore

Question 8

ore formed due to the alteration of pre existing rocks or minerals

Answer 8

secondary ore

Question 9

rock loving mineral

Answer 9

lithophile

Question 10

iron loving mineral

Answer 10

siderophile

Question 11

ore loving mineral

Answer 11

chalcophile

Question 12

gas loving mineral

Answer 12

atmophile

Question 13

cinnabar and hematite were used by early humans as pigments and used as gemstones and native Au Ag Cu as ornaments

Answer 13

Pre historic times

Question 14

paleolithic man used various minerals as tints for paints

Answer 14

400,000 BCE stone age era

Question 15

neolithic man became familiar and acquainted with gold and copper

Answer 15

new stone age

Question 16

clay became the first larger scale mineral in the history of the mining industry

Answer 16

30,000-20,000 BCE

Question 17

estimated date of discovery for copper and gold was used before its discovery

Answer 17

18,000 BCE

Question 18

utilized clays as buildings materials

Answer 18

babylonians and early egyptian times

Question 19

made pyramids using limestones
sank shafts at the coast of Red Sea in seach of emeralds

Answer 19

Egyptian times

Question 20

gemstone mining reached a high value for art among Egyptians, Babylonians, Assyrians and Indians

Answer 20

~3400 BCE

Question 21

mesopotamians developed bronce by replacing little amounts of tin to higher amounts of copper instead of using arsenic

Answer 21

2,500 BCE bronze age

Question 22

first noted the occurrence of gold in quartz veins by herodotus

Answer 22

484-425 BCE

Question 23

16 minerals grouped as metals stones and earth were described by theophratus a pupil of aristotle

Answer 23

372-287 BCE

Question 24

avicenna grouped minerals as stones sulfur minerals metals and salts first noting sulfide group of minerals

Answer 24

980-1037 CE dark ages

Question 25

agricola father of economic geol wrote the first publication for mining de re merallica libri XII which noted the process for fissure filling smelting and classification of ore deposits

Answer 25

1494-1555

Question 26

steno proposed ores as products of condesation from vapors ascending through fissures

Answer 26

1669

Question 27

henkel and zimmerman noted the importance of hydrothermal solutions and vapors of deep seated origin

Answer 27

1725-1746

Question 28

van oppel distinguished discordant veins from concordant bedded deposits

Answer 28

1749

Question 29

charpenteir noted metals and minerals in the veins were the resul of alteration reactions between country rock and water that had passed through them

Answer 29

1778-1799

Question 30

integration of chemical concepts with ore genesis began
mining methods were improved allowing bigger and deeper mines to develop

Answer 30

19th century

Question 31

waldemar lindgreen stated that pyrometasomatic deposits high temp replacemetns bodies near the borded zones of igneous intrusions and classified hydrothermal deposits into hypothermal mesothermal epithermal

Answer 31

1860-1939

Question 32

classification of ore deposits evolved from P-T conditions to modes of occurrence

Answer 32

20th century

Question 33

RAF penrose founded society of economic geology

Answer 33

1905

Question 34

henry hoover and lou henry hoover published the English translation of de re metallica libri XII

Answer 34

1912

Question 35

almost complete relinquishment of lindgreens ore classification

Answer 35

1960-70s

Question 36

high temperature alteration resulting in potassium enrichment and abundance of biotite k feldspar and adularia

Answer 36

potassic

Question 37

alteration that turns rocks green from the formation of chlorite epidote and actinolite

Answer 37

propylitic

Question 38

replacement or decomposition of feldspar into sericite that implies acidic conditions

Answer 38

sericitic

Question 39

low temperature alteration resulting in bleaching out of feldspars and intro of clay minerals

Answer 39

argillic

Question 40

highly acidic alteration resulting in leaching and alteration of feldspar to seircite and assemblage formation of kaolinite + quartz + hematite + limonite

Answer 40

advanced argillic

Question 41

most common alteration with the addition of secondary silica and formation of chalcedony

Answer 41

silicification

Question 42

addition of any silicate mineral that forms in association with quartz typically biotite garnet or tourmaline

Answer 42

silication

Question 43

form of silication that forms greissen with quartz muscovite and topaz with tourmaline fluorite rutile cassiterite adn wolframite

Answer 43

greisenization

Question 44

alteration forming Ca- and Mg silicates

Answer 44

Skarn

Question 45

relatively high temp alteration with Na enrichment and forms albite or sodic plag with possible paragonite

Answer 45

albitic

Question 46

alteration of Ca plag into saussurite: zoisite + chlorite + amphibole + carbonates

Answer 46

saussuritization

Question 47

last stage replacement process of uralitic amphibole into primary pyroxene and pyroxene to amphibole

Answer 47

uralitization

Question 48

alteration resulting of addition of carbonates with talc chlorite sericite and albite

Answer 48

carbonization

Question 49

alteration associated with alunite and hot springs environment implying presence of high SO4 gas

Answer 49

alunitic

Question 50

low temp alteration forming zeolite minerals often associated with volcanic environments at a distance during its waning stages

Answer 50

zeolitic

Question 51

low temperature alteration of mafic to ultramafic rocks into serpentine minerals that may occur with talc if there is a high concentration of Mg

Answer 51

serpentinization

Question 52

alteration with variable temperature range and forms any type of oxide mineral

Answer 52

oxidation

Question 53

localizes deposits lighter than the magma

Answer 53

structure highs

Question 54

accumulates deposits heavier than melt at the bottom intrusives

Answer 54

structural lows

Question 55

provides pathways for solutions to deposit

Answer 55

folds

Question 56

controls deposition of ore deposits

Answer 56

fractures/lineaments

Question 57

increases permeability where different fluids can interact and deposit ore

Answer 57

intersections

Question 58

localizes or disperses deposits in fractures

Answer 58

faults

Question 59

controls ore fluids before deposition

Answer 59

syngenetic

Question 60

cut and displaces ore bodies

Answer 60

epigenetic

Question 61

high velocity volcanic explosion vent where volcanic material are brought up rapidly

Answer 61

diatremes

Question 62

solutions from different sources which carries metals for precipitation

Answer 62

ore bearing fluids

Question 63

high temp rock melt of liquid and crystals with an inhomogeneous composition due to fractions and can cause ore formation due to metallic concentration

Answer 63

magma/magmatic fluids

Question 64

mafic proportions :
silicic proportions:

Answer 64

Cr Ni Pt P
Sn Th Zr

Question 65

oxide or sulfide dominated magma that solidify directly as ore

Answer 65

ore magma

Question 66

oxide or sulfide dominated magma that solidify directly as ore

Answer 66

ore magma

Question 67

aqueous high temp ore bearing fluid solution 100-800C

Answer 67

hydrothermal fluids

Question 68

water at critical temp 376C that steadily becomes less dense without boiling

Answer 68

supercritical fluid

Question 69

fractionated fluids and volatiles that travel upward from the magma that exsolves as an emulsion of water droplets attracting hydrophilic elements or ions

Answer 69

magmatic/juvenile waters

Question 70

fossil waters

Answer 70

connate waters

Question 71

chemical replacement of minerals where hydrothermal fluids deliver chemical reactants that removes aqueous reaction products resulting in change of mineralogy chemistry and texture

Answer 71

hydrothermal alteration

Question 72

front or edge minerals was not completely replaced

Answer 72

vermicular intergrowths

Question 73

concentric crustiform bands surrounding isolated fragments

Answer 73

cockade structures

Question 74

formed when euhedral prismatis crystals of opposite walls merge with minerals takes place as single layer of euhedral crystals growing towards the center of the vein in epithermal systems

Answer 74

comb structure

Question 75

colored bands that form when an electrolyte is allowed to diffuse into a gel being common in amorphous cryptocrystalline and microcrystalline minerals or mineraloids as agate and opal

Answer 75

liesegang rings

Question 76

specific length and direction of systematic displacement by which the pattern is repeated

Answer 76

unit translation vector

Question 77

the symmetry operation that involves the periodic repetition of nodes or motifs by systematic linear displacement

Answer 77

translation

Question 77

symmetry operations that work as combined simple symmetry operations

Answer 77

compound symmetry operations

Question 78

symmetry operation that combines translation parallel to an axis with rotation about the axis

Answer 78

screw rotation

Question 79

groups denoted by their rotational and reflection symmetry

Answer 79

plane point groups

Question 80

smallest units of meshes contains at least one node and the unit translation vectors

Answer 80

unit meshes

Question 81

primitive and charac by unequal unit translation vectors that inersect at angles that are neither 60 degrees and 90 degrees nor 120 degrees

Answer 81

oblique

Question 82

3d patterns of points produced from the translation of nodes of space point groups

Answer 82

space lattices

Question 83

a parallelepiped whose edge lengths and volume are defined by the 3 unit translation vectors

Answer 83

unit cell

Question 84

orientation of the unit cell edges

Answer 84

crystallographic axes

Question 85

pair of faces symmetrical about an axis of rotation

Answer 85

sphenoid

Question 85

the proportional lengths of the 3 crystallographic axes

Answer 85

axial ratio

Question 86

or unit face any face or plane that intersects all 3 axes at distances from the center that correspond to the axial ration of the mineral

Answer 86

unit plane

Question 87

method describing the relationships between sets of crystal faces or planes and the crystallographic axes

Answer 87

weiss parameters

Question 88

reciprocal of weiss parameters

Answer 88

miller indices

Question 88

represents what:

(h, k, l)
(hkl)
[hkl]
{hkl}

Answer 88

a point
a plane
a direction
family of planes

Question 89

type of substitution that involves the simultaneous substitution of ions of different charges in two different structural sites

Answer 89

coupled ionic substitution

Question 89

type of mineral growth where individual atoms and ions bons into a crystal’s nucleus and progressively grow by adding atoms/ions to its surface

Answer 89

homogeneous nuclueation

Question 90

rock consists of multiple types of minerals and mineraloids

Answer 90

polyminerallic rock

Question 90

type of mineral growth where a mineral nucleates by taking advantage of the structure of an existing mineral

Answer 90

hetegeneous nucleation

Question 90

rock that consists of multiple crystals of a single mineral

Answer 90

monominerallic rock

Question 91

liquid portion of magma composed mainly of mobile ions of the eight most abundant elements in the earths crust

Answer 91

melt

Question 91

gaseous component of magma that will vaporize and turn into gas at surface pressures

Answer 91

volatile

Question 92

partial melting of a source rock in the earths crust which produces a liquid melt fraction enriched in lower temperature constituents and a residual rock enriched in higher temperature refractory minerals

Answer 92

anatexis

Question 93

results from crystallization along the walls of the magma chamber in which crystals prefentially form and adhere to the edges

Answer 93

marginal accretion

Question 93

develops as the magma chamber walls release heat to the relatively cold country rock generating crystals that adhere to the side margins of the magma chamber

Answer 93

sidewall accretion

Question 93

also called adabiatec melting is partial melting that resulted from a decrease in pressure

Answer 93

decompression melting

Question 94

type of marginal accretion that results from early crystallization of minerals along the ceiling or the roof due to preferential heat loss

Answer 94

roof accretion

Question 95

occurs as crystals forma long the base of the magma chamber

Answer 95

floor accretion

Question 96

fractional crystallization process that occurs where liquids and crystals in a magma are separated due to factors like velocity density temperature

Answer 96

convective flow seggregation

Question 97

process where a magma chamber squeezes out the more mobile liquid into a new chamber and leaving behind a residue of crystals in the original chamber

Answer 97

filter pressing

Question 98

where one magma fractionates to produce two or more distinctly different daughter magmas with different compositions

Answer 98

liquid fractionation

Question 99

involves the selective diffusion of ions in the magma due to compositional and may play a role in the generation of metallic ore deposits of ore deposits in magmatic systems

Answer 99

differential diffusion

Question 100

separation of magma into two or more distinct immiscible liquid phases

Answer 100

liquid immiscibility

Question 101

fracturing of the wall rock due to the forceful injection of the magma

Answer 101

stoping

Question 102

country rock fragments

Answer 102

stope

Question 103

stopes that fall into the magma

Answer 103

xenoliths

Question 104

occurs along convergent margin environments with volcanic arcs and subduction zones decrease in iron and magnesium with increasing SiO2 alkali concentrations

Answer 104

calc-alkaline magmas

Question 106

enrichment in iron at low to moderate SiO2 concentrations with increasing fractionation due to depleted MgO and Cao from early crystallization of forsterite olivine and Ca plagioclase. produce large volumes of basalt with little variations in composition. occurs extensional environments such as ocean ridges and ocntinental rifts and some hotspots in intraplate settings and immature arcs in thin volcanic arc crusts

Answer 106

tholeiitic magmas

Question 107

magmas tha are less common than calc alkaline or tholeiitic magmas highly enriched in na2o and k2o contains diverse composition occurs in wide variety of environments that include stable cratons continental rifts and subduction zones

Answer 107

alkaline magmas

Question 108

cahrac by high concentrations of silicic and basic rocks with little intermediate rocks and associated with continental rifts. basic component is derived from partial melting of the mantle while its silicic component is derived from the partial melting of the continental crust from the heating of the rising basic magmas

Answer 108

bimodal magma suites

Question 109

45-55% SiO2
1,000-1200C
fluid
low gas

Answer 109

mafic (basaltic)

Question 110

55-65%
800-1000 C
viscous
intermediate

Answer 110

intermediate andesitic

Question 111

65-75%
650-800C
very viscous
high gas

Answer 111

felsic granitic

Question 112

identify the magma type based on the percent of their silica content
<45%
45-52%
52-63%
63-68%
68-77%

Answer 112

ultramafic
mafic
intermediate
dacitic
felsic

Question 113

plutons with an irregular shape that have surface exposures > 100 km2

Answer 113

stocks

Question 114

veins that occur in great abundance that may display random or preferred orientations

Answer 114

vein swarms

Question 115

carrot shaped and develops through explosive intrusions originating deep within the mantle

Answer 115

diatreme

Question 116

multiple radiating dikes typically produced when the vertical forces of a rising magma fracture of the rock in a radiating pattern

Answer 116

radial dikes

Question 117

dikes that are nearly vertical in cross section and circular in plan view

Answer 117

cone dikes

Question 118

dikes that are circular in plan view but converge at a depth

Answer 118

cone sheet dikes

Question 119

dike swarms consisting of parallel offset dikes that form in response to shear

Answer 119

en echelon dikes

Question 120

steeply inclined set of dikes composed of gabbro diabase and basalt which form by cooling and contraction of magma as it is injected into extensional fractures in oceanic rift valleys

Answer 120

sheeted dikes

Question 121

direct type of classification of composition that involves visual comparison of minerals and determining their volume percentages

Answer 121

modal classification

Question 122

indirect type of classification of composition that analyzes the chemical composition of rocks

Answer 122

normative classification

Question 123

dark or greenish rocks rich in olivine that may also contain pyroxene or amphibole

Answer 123

ultramafic or ultrabasic <45 %

Question 124

dark colored rocks containing pyroxene amphibole olivine biotite

Answer 124

mafic basic 45-52%

Question 125

grayish to salt and pepper colored rocks rich in plag amphibole biotite quartz

Answer 125

intermediate 52-66%

Question 126

light colored or reddish rocks rich in k feldspar quartz biotite or muscovite

Answer 126

felsic acidic >66%

Question 128

plutonic ultrabasic ultramafic rock enriched in pyroxene olivine amphibole and plag and occurs in earths mantle

Answer 128

peridotite

Question 129

volcanic ultrabasic ultramafic rock enriched in pyroxene olivine amphibole and plag

Answer 129

komatiite

Question 130

plutonic rock rich in plag pyroxene olivine in lower crust of ocean basins

Answer 130

gabbro

Question 131

basalt volcanic rock rich in plag pyroxene olivine inupper earths crust

Question 132

rich in hornblende pyroxene and plag

Answer 132

diorite( beneath andesite volcanoes) and andesite (pacific ring of fire)

Question 133

plutonic light colored contains two thirds of SiO2 plag alkali felds quartz hornblende and biotite occurs beneath andesite dacite volcanoes

Answer 133

granodiorite

Question 134

volcanic light colored contains two thirds of SiO2 plag alkali felds quartz hornblende and biotite occurs pacific ring of fire

Answer 134

dacite

Question 135

acidic felsic rock rich in quartz and alkali felds contains little plag biotite

Answer 135

granite rhyolite

Question 136

crystals too small for the naked eye but large enough to be identified with a petrographic microscope

Answer 136

microlites

Question 137

fine grained material in porphyritic texture

Answer 137

groundmass

Question 138

type of porphyritic texture where all crystals are visible to the naked eye but phenocrysts are distinctly larger than the groundmass

Answer 138

porphyritic-phaneritic

Question 139

1-3 mm fine develop shallow plutonic dikes and sills
3-10mm develop in medium
10-33mm associated with larger or deeper intrusions

Answer 139

phaneritic

Question 140

type of porphyritic texture where the phenocrysts are embedded in an aphanitic groundmass composed largely of microcrystalline cryptocrystalline or glassy material

Answer 140

porphyritic aphanitic

Question 141

number of new seed crystals that develop per volume per unit time
nuclei/cm3/s

Answer 141

crystal nucleation rate

Question 142

rate at wc elements migrate through magma that depends primarily on the viscosity of the melt

Answer 142

diffusion

Question 143

elements that tend to increase molecular linkage wc increase viscosity

Answer 143

network formers

Question 144

occurs when melts come into contact with air and water rapidly absorbing heat causing the melt to solidify rapidly before crystals could nucleate and grow

Answer 144

quenching

Question 145

rounded masses of radiating crystals that debelop from devritification

Answer 145

spherulites

Question 146

igneous rock texture charac by cloudy appearance and perlitic cracks

Answer 146

perlitic texture

Question 148

curved or subspherical cooling cracks

Answer 148

perlitic cracks

Question 149

glassy SiO2 rich volcanic rocks with perlitic texture and higher water contents than obsidian

Answer 149

perlite

Question 150

depth where volatiles exsolve from the liquid as separate phase

Answer 150

level of exsolution

Question 151

process that occurs above the level of exsolution where volatiles nucleate as small bubbles

Answer 151

vesiculation

Question 152

encountered when bubbles constitute 70-80% of the magma volume and magma changes from a liquid with suspended gas bubbles to a buoyant gaseous mixture containing liquid blobs

Answer 152

fragmentation surface

Question 153

rocks contain5-30% vesicles

Answer 153

vesicular

Question 154

<5% vesicles

Answer 154

vesicle bearing

Question 155

tuffs that contain significant amounts of gravel sized lapilli

Answer 155

lapilli tuff

Question 156

pyroclastic rock primarily composed of blocks and deposited proximal to the volcano vent and subjected to minimal transport

Answer 156

volcanic breccia

Question 157

composed of bombs that are abraded and rounded by transport

Answer 157

agglomerate

Question 158

process in pyroclasts that results for fragments become progressively fused together as porosity decrease during compaction

Answer 158

welding

Question 159

tuff that display random shard orientations and spherical to ellipsoidal pumice vesicles

Answer 159

unwelded tuff

Question 160

tuff produced from increased volume of pyroclastic debris

Answer 160

partially welded tuff

Question 161

tuff with dark colors and glassy lusters produced form intense welding with shards showing marked parallelism and flattening

Answer 161

densely welded tuff

Question 162

first norm classification devised by Cross idding pirsson and washington

Answer 162

CIPW norm more

Question 163

accurate metho of obtaining ga mode for any coarse grained rock done by moving a thin section on a gird system such that at least 400 minerals are tabulated for each thin section

Answer 163

point count analysis

Question 164

0.0625-2mm
<0.0625

Answer 164

coarse ash
fine ash or dust

Question 165

contains >69% SiO2 and assoicated with explosive silicic eruptions producing fragmental glassy and aphanitic

Answer 165

rhyolite

Question 166

contains ~68-73% SiO2 not typically recognized by the IUGS as an official classification for rocks between rhyolites and dacites

Answer 166

rhyodacite

Question 167

contains calciumplag and quartz with minor potassium feldspar biotite and hornblende

Answer 167

tonalite

Question 168

plagiogranite are granodioritic rocks with half to two thirds sodium plag for the total felds

Answer 168

trondhjemite

Question 169

produce low potassium arc theoiite basalts as well as relatively rare rocks such as boninites and adakites

Answer 169

young island arc systems

Question 170

high mg intermediate volcanic rocks that contain a sio2 SATURATED GROUNDMASS

Answer 170

boninite

Question 171

silica saturate rocks with high sr/y and la/yb ratios and low hfs concentrations

Answer 171

adakite

Question 172

archean associations found in archean subduction zones where adakite formation is linked to

Answer 172

tonalite trondhjemite and granodiorite association TTG

Question 173

arcs producing voluminous granodiorite diorite granite and tonalite plutons which can erupt onto the Earths surface and produce composite volcanoes

Answer 173

ocean continent convergent margins

Question 174

dark colored potassium rich trachyandesites commonly containing olivine and augite phenocrysts with a groundmass of labradorite plag alkali fels livine augite and leucite

Answer 174

stoshonites

Question 175

fault bounded deoformed rock sequences that mark the site of present of former convergent margins

Answer 175

alpine orogenic complexes

Question 176

an internsely sheared heterogeous rock assemblage embedded within a highly deformed mud matrix

Answer 176

tectonic melange

Question 177

greatest manifestations of intraplate magmatism on earth encompassing >10^6km3 in volume which occur as both oceanic flood basalts and continental flood basalts and is generally basaltic in composition

Answer 177

large igneous provinces LIP

Question 178

geochemically distinct suite of rocks that are more alkalic less depleted and may be somewhat enriched with incompatible elements that is interpreted to represent different mantle sources areas

Answer 178

ocean island basalts OIB

Question 179

huge outpourings of basalts within continental plates

Answer 179

continental flood basalts cfb

Question 180

early jurassic
widley dispersed in the atlantic ocean places in north america south america europe and africa

Answer 180

cental atlantic magmatic province camp

Question 181

251 ma
maymecha kotuy region of russia

Answer 181

siberian flood basalts (siberian traps)

Question 182

65-69 Ma
southwestern india

Answer 182

deccan traps

Question 183

15.5-17 ma
washington oregon and idaho usa

Answer 183

columbia river flood basalts

Question 184

continental feature that produce a wide array of rocks including alkalic basalt as well as alkalic and silicic rocks

Answer 184

continental rifts

Question 185

widespread occurrence of basalt and rhyolite without significant andesiteand occurs at continental rifts and hotpost underlying continental lithosphere

Answer 185

bimodal volcanism

Question 186

anorogenic bodies injected into stable continental cratons at moderate depths

Answer 186

layered basic ultrabasic intrusions

Question 187

ultrabasic volcanic rocks found exclusively in archean greenstone belts which are associated with valuable metallic ore deposits

Answer 187

komatiite

Question 188

brecciated mg rich ultrabasic rocks that rapidly rise of earths surface via cylindrical diatremes from deep within the mantle and are intimately associated with diamonds

Answer 188

kimberlites

Question 189

shallow intrusive to volcanic rocks that contain >20% CO3 minerals and form in stocks dikes and cylindrical structures primarily at continental rifts

Answer 189

carbonatites

Question 190

mg rich volatile rich porphyritic rocks containing mafic phenocrysts and are associated with kimberlites and continental rift zones

Answer 190

lamprophyres

Question 191

k rich peralkaline containing pyroxene and olivine minerals enriched in barium lanthanum and zirconium but poor in CO2 and occur in areas of thickened lithosphere that have experienced earlier plate convergence or rifting episodes

Answer 191

lamproites

Question 192

contains economic deposits of platinum group metals chromium copper and nickel sulfides
exposed along a NW strike for a distance of 48 km iwith observable thickness of 6km
beartooth mountains of southwestern montana canafa
2.7 ga

Answer 192

stillwater complex

Question 193

worlds largest layered igneous intrusion hosts the largest reserves of vanadium and chromium and platinum groups of metal in the world
PGE are concentrated within the merensky reeds critical zone
peridotite to gabbro from bottommost layer to topmost layer
400km in length up to 9 km thich and underlying an area 60 000 km2
south africa
2.06 ga

Answer 193

bushveld complex

Question 194

youngest of the great PGE enriched intrusions
due to fractional crystallkization differentiation and convective currents its laye creates a complex layering
500 km3 volume
greenland
55ma

Answer 194

skaergaard intrusion

Question 195

contact metamorphism
mon foliated
>80 C/km

Answer 195

contact

Question 196

40-80 C/ km
regional and contact metamorphism
foliated and non foliated

Answer 196

buchan (abukama)

Question 197

20-40C/km
regional metamorphism
foliated

Answer 197

barrovian

Question 198

10-20C/km
regional metamorphism
foliated

Answer 198

sangbagawa

Question 199

<10C/km
regional metamorphism at subduction zones
foliated

Answer 199

franciscan

Question 200

mass of proton in kg

Answer 200

1.67262192 × 10-27 kilograms

Question 201

how many rare elements in periodic table of elements?

Answer 201

17

Question 202

element that is very compatible and doesn’t substitute into major silicate phase

Answer 202

Zirconium

Question 203

Lanthanide series

Answer 203

The 17 rare earth elements are: lanthanum (La), cerium (Ce), praseodymium (Pr), neodymium (Nd), promethium (Pm), samarium (Sm), europium (Eu), gadolinium (Gd), terbium (Tb), dysprosium (Dy), holmium (Ho), erbium (Er), thulium (Tm), ytterbium (Yb), lutetium (Lu), scandium (Sc), and yttrium (Y).

Question 204

What is the rarest rare earth element?

Answer 204

Even the rarest rare earth, thulium, with atomic number 69, is 125 times more common than gold. And the least-rare rare earth, cerium, with atomic number 58, is 15,000 times more abundant than gold.

Question 205

focusing the eyepiece

Answer 205

diopter adjustment ring

Question 206

lies in the wavefront and is perpendicular to the ray vibration in isotropic media

Answer 206

vibration direction

Question 207

extinction angle of augite

Answer 207

inclined or 45 degrees

Question 208

permits measurement of refractive index by comparison of the unknown crystal with liquids of known refractive index. A determination of refractive index usually suffices for the identification of isotropic crystals.

Answer 208

The immersion method

Question 209

degree of visibility of a transparent mineral in an immersion medium

Answer 209

relief

Question 210

hardness of microcline

Answer 210

6

Question 211

where is ferropericlase abundant?

Answer 211

lower mantle

Question 212

crystal system of sphene

Answer 212

monoclinic

Question 213

clear variety of beryl

Answer 213

goshenite

Question 214

pink/orange variety of beryl
red variety of beryl
yellow variety of beryl

Answer 214

morganite
bixbite
heliodor

Question 215

known as vermillion

Answer 215

cinnabar

Question 215

lepidolite is a monoclinic mineral that belongs to a silicate group that has Si:O ration of

Answer 215

2:5

Question 216

variety of microcline that is very stable

Answer 216

amazonite

Question 216

crystal system of rhodonite

Answer 216

trinclinic

Question 217

known as moonstone

Answer 217

feldspar

Question 218

variety of hematite with metallic luster

Answer 218

specularite

Question 219

sanidine has a crystal system that has

Answer 219

no equal sides

Question 220

tennantite belongs to what group

Answer 220

sulfosalts

Question 221

cabochon gem is a

Answer 221

sulfide

Question 222

considered to be the heaviest nonmetallic ore

Answer 222

crested roses

Question 223

purple mica
magnesium mica

Answer 223

lepidolite
phlogopite

Question 224

found in lithium-bearing granite pegmatites.

Answer 224

spodumene

Question 225

prussic acid at crystalline is known as

Answer 225

zyklon A

Question 226

A mineral that has become virtually amorphous owing to the breakdown of the original crystal structure by internal bombardment with alpha particles (helium nuclei) emitted by radioactive atoms within the mineral.

Answer 226

metamict

Question 227

the replacement of one element in a crystal by another.

Answer 227

diadochic

Question 228

glossular is a Ca Al variety of granet and has a Si:O ratio of

Answer 228

1:4

Question 229

he most abundant mineral in the mantle.

Answer 229

Bridgmanite

Question 230

alumina saturation what do you call a rock that has a mineral assemblage of olivine clinopyroxene and orthopyroxene?

Answer 230

subaluminous

Question 231

where is low velocity layer found

Answer 231

60-220km

Question 232

rocks in immature oceanic island arcs containing olivine plag anda ugite with sparse othopyroxene and magnetite

Answer 232

low-k arc basalts

Question 233

represents the fertile unaltered mantle

Answer 233

lherzolite

Question 234

rocks contain phenocrysts of olivine chromite plag and augite with plag as the most abundant

Answer 234

mid oceanic ridge basalts

Question 235

black fibrous with a silky lustre friable and soft coal that represents fossil charcola

Answer 235

fusain

Question 236

also known as Steatite—is a metamorphic rock that consists primarily of talc.

Answer 236

Soapstone

Question 237

bright shiny black coal that usually breaks cubically and mostly consists of woody tissue

Answer 237

vitrain

Question 238

mineralogical adjustment of relatively high-grade metamorphic rocks to temperatures lower than those of their initial metamorphism.

Answer 238

Retrograde metamorphism

Question 239

develops in the outer fringes of many metamorphic aureoles

Answer 239

albite-epidote Hfls

Question 240

low pressure equivalent of the amphibole facies

Answer 240

hornblende hfls

Question 241

hypersthene bearing granitic gneisses

Answer 241

charnockite

Question 242

what does siliceous oozes forms

Answer 242

chert

Question 243

association of Bryozoa, Foraminiferida, coralline red algae (Rhodophyceae), and Mollusca that inhabits seas where the temperature often falls below 15°C

Answer 243

foramol

Question 244

an association of calcareous green algae (Chlorophyta), hermatypic corals, and molluscs (Mollusca) that lives in low latitudes, in seas where the temperature is always more than 20 °C

Answer 244

Chlorozoan

Question 245

an association of green algae (Chlorophyta), living in sea water more saline than corals could tolerate, that forms a characteristic calcareous sediment

Answer 245

chloralgal

Question 246

commonly intrude buoyantly upward along fractures or zones of structural weakness through denser overlying rocks.

Answer 246

Diapirs

Question 247

a method to keep solid particles floating in an upward direction (Figure 5) in a flow of gas or liquid.

Answer 247

Fluidization

Question 248

process in which sediments compact under pressure, expel connate fluids, and gradually become solid rock.

Answer 248

Lithification

Question 249

type of cement is formed at the sediment water and sediment air interfaces it is essentially syn sedimentary

Answer 249

eogenetic cement

Question 250

are banded coals. They are the most abundant type of coal. The bands of coal that comprise a humic coal are divided into four lithotypes (vitrain, clarain, durain, and fusain,

Answer 250

Humic coals

Question 251

hydrogen-rich coal, including cannel coal and boghead coal (see torbanite), derived from sapropels (loose deposits of sedimentary rock rich in hydrocarbons) and characterized by a dull black, sometimes waxy lustre.

Answer 251

sapropelic coal

Question 252

composed of mainly smectite clays that are alteration products of basaltic rocks

Answer 252

bentonite

Question 253

irregular solution surfaces consist of accumulation of iron oxides micas and insoluble minerals

Answer 253

stylotites

Question 254

e result of thin microscopic inclusions within a translucent mineral, usually as exsolution lamellae, which refract and reflect incident light.
play of colors reflections exhibited by labradorite and caused by internal structures that selectively reflect on certain colors

Answer 254

Schiller effects

Question 255

isinglass has a Si:O of

Answer 255

2:5

Question 256

material is either one which causes visible light to be split up into distinct beams of different wavelengths, or one in which light rays having different polarizations are absorbed by different amounts.

Answer 256

a dichroism

Question 257

a basalt that contains plagioclase feldspar (labradorite), clinopyroxene (augite with pigeonite), and iron ore (magnetite and ilmenite).

Answer 257

Tholeiitic

Question 258

a measure of the degree of oxidation in the rocks. It corresponds to the effective partial pressure of gaseous oxygen that would be in thermodynamic equilibrium with the material of interest

Answer 258

Oxygen fugacity

Question 259

involves prefential diffusion of select ions within the magma in response to compositional thermal or density gradients as well as water content

Answer 259

plastic flow

Question 260

what is a komatiite

Answer 260

ultramafic

Question 261

high aluminum basalt

Answer 261

arc–tholeiites

Question 262

what is lamproite

Answer 262

ultramafic

Question 263

formed by the contraction of clay in response to changes in the salinity of a liquid surrounding a deposit. shrinkage cracks form under water in clayey sediments

Answer 263

Syneresis cracks

Question 264

hornblende-biotite granite containing large round crystals of orthoclase each with a rim of oligoclase.

Answer 264

Rapakivi granite

Question 265

extremely acicular olivine phenocrysts–probably a sign of rapid crystallization from a significantly-undercooled magma. striking feature of ultramafic to mafic rocks that are interpreted to form in lavas or high-level intrusions when crystals cool in the presence of a thermal gradient

Answer 265

Spinifex textures

Question 266

what is golden paint

Answer 266

sulfide

Question 267

most eruptive volcanoes possess silicate mineral from which group

Answer 267

tectosilicate

Question 268

basaltic rock rich in olivine and augite phenocrysts on some the abundance of mafic phenocrysts may have been enhanced by gravitational accumulation

Answer 268

ankaremite

Question 268

a ring around an igneous intrusion. Deep magma bodies cool very slowly and turn into coarse-grained, plutonic rocks like granite and gabbro.

Answer 268

Aureole

Question 269

what mineral is not part of the greenschist facies

Answer 269

omphacite (clinopyroxene)

Question 270

• large, heavy pebbles are rolled along the river bed. This is most common near the source of a river, as here the load is larger.

Answer 270

Traction

Question 271

laumonite and heulandite are index minerals of

Answer 271

zeolite facies

Question 272

depth of subducting slab required for a volcano to manifest at the surface

Answer 272

100km

Question 273

fragmented comagmatic volcanic rocks from prev eruptions of the same volcano

Answer 273

cognate clast

Question 274

A diagram that shows the amount of each of the chemical constituents of a rock as a proportion of the main ingredient

Answer 274

Harker diagram

Question 275

illite is a

Answer 275

3 layered clay

Question 276

composition is omphacite and pyrope which is a red garnet and with small amounts of diopside enstatite olivine kyanite rutile and diamond

Answer 276

eclogite

Question 277

characterized by a porphyritic texture in which abundant large crystals of dark colored minerals are set in a note visibly crystalline matrix

Answer 277

lamprophyre

Question 278

shaped like a football or spindle of thread; others, called cow-dung or pancake bombs, are flattened on landing; and still others are ribbon-shaped.

Answer 278

spindle bomb

Question 279

created when the upward pressure of slow-moving molten lava within a flow swells or pushes the overlying crust upward. fomrs ovoid mounds few feet high and a few tens of feet long produced from the buckling up of hardened outer edges and surfaces

Answer 279

tumuli lava

Question 280

a rare mineral Na6Mg2(SO4)(CO3)4 that is an octahedral sulfate and carbonate of sodium and magnesium (

Answer 280

tychite

Question 281

the property of changing from one mineral species to another (as from aragonite to calcite) by a change in internal structure and physical characters but not in chemical composition

Answer 281

Paramorphism

Question 282

clast supported with >2mm sized components

Answer 282

rudstone

Question 283

act as a heat sink and provides the mass for mobile phone vibration

Answer 283

wolframite

Question 284

ingredient in toothpaste for sensitive teeth

Answer 284

strontium

Question 284

mineral used in storage of radioactive waste

Answer 284

pollucite

Question 285

chromophore in blue dimaonds

Answer 285

boron

Question 286

chromophore in morganite

Answer 286

manganese or caesium.

Question 287

used in incandescent light bulb as protective layer around filament to keep oxygen from corroding it

Answer 287

Argon

Question 288

key ingredient in processing aluminum and uranium

Answer 288

fluorite

Question 289

used in ree magnets lasers ceramic capacitors and electric motors of electric automobiles

Answer 289

neodymium

Question 290

used in making microwave filters for radar

Answer 290

yttrium

Question 291

what is the streak of galena

Answer 291

lead gray

Question 292

mindoro jade is composed of

Answer 292

sericite schist

Question 293

cleavage angle of hornblende

Answer 293

56 124

Question 294

mg rich chlorite

Answer 294

clinochore

Question 295

the fe bearing analog of talc

Answer 295

minnesotaite

Question 296

serpentine group

Answer 296

(antigorite, lizardite, and chrysotile).

Question 297

eutectic point of aluminum silicate diagram

Answer 297

500-550 degrees celcius

Question 298

streak of hematite

Answer 298

bloody red

Question 299

streak of chromite

Answer 299

brown

Question 300

gold telluride, is an uncommon telluride of gold, a metallic mineral with the chemical formula AuTe2, with approximately 3% of the gold

Answer 300

Calaverite

Question 301

ores of gold

Answer 301

old-polysulfide, gold-quartz, gold-telluride, gold-tetradymite, gold-antimony, gold-bismuth-sulfosalt, gold-pyrrhotite, and gold-fahlore.

Question 302

difference perthite and antiperthite

Answer 302

If K-feldspar predominates, it is a perthite. If Albite predominates, it is an antiperthite.

Question 303

high-magnesium olivine basalt that is very rich in the mineral olivine. It is dark with yellow-green olivine phenocrysts and black to dark brown pyroxene, mostly augite.

Answer 303

picrite phenocrysts sa augite olivine

Question 304

a chemical reaction in which the type of chemical bonds broken in the reactant are the same as the type of bonds formed in the reaction product.

Answer 304

An isodesmic reaction

Question 305

outside of the pyroclastic bomb solidify during their flight

Answer 305

Breadcrust bomb, dacite
volcanic bomb with a cracked and checkered surface, sometimes resembling the surface of a loaf of bread.

Question 306

alteration product of devitrification or volcanic glass alteration

Answer 306

palagonite

Question 307

to mark with two series of parallel lines that intersect.

Answer 307

crosshatched

Question 308

special type of extinction by micas such as biotite and muscovite and also carbonates such as calcite and dolomite

Answer 308

mottled extinction

Question 309

important application related feature of the objective. It is the distance between objective front end and coverslip surface facing the front lens

Answer 309

free working distance

Question 310

refractive index of canada balsam

Answer 310

1.53

Question 311

used to remediate spills or remove waste products from liquids

Answer 311

absorbents

Question 312

inert inexpensive materials that extend the volume of material at low cost

Answer 312

fillers

Question 313

fourth most abundant element in earth

Answer 313

Magnesium
take note of the word earth!

Question 314

intraformational rudites tend to form this

Answer 314

breccia

Question 315

4 fold axis rotation that coincides with c crystal axis

Answer 315

tertagonal

Question 316

minerals or synthetic inorganic crystal phases that have high melting points. They should also be resistant to deformation and to softening at high temperatures.

Answer 316

Refractory minerals

Question 317

meteorites that document melting and segregation in planetesimals and are consist of olivine crystals in an iron nickel matrix

Answer 317

pallasite

Question 318

not an indicator of high pressure and low temperature

Answer 318

laumonite

Question 319

develops in response to geothermal gradients of ~20 - 40 degrees c/km reflecting the progressive increase in both temperature and pressure during regional metamorphism

Answer 319

barrovian FS

Question 320

records high geothermal gradients ranging from 40 to 80 degrees c/km

Answer 320

abukuma FS

Question 321

facies that form at convergent plate margins in ophiolite complexes and subduction zone melanges

Answer 321

blueschist

Question 322

non plastic clay that can be used to decolorise, filter and purify animal, mineral and vegetable oils and greases.

Answer 322

Fuller’s earth

Question 323

commonest member of the kandite group and is generally formed in soil profiles in warm humid envi where acidic waters intensely leach bedrock lithoogies such as granite

Answer 323

china clay

Question 324

forms under medium temperature 350-550 C and pressure 3-10 kbar 10-30 km depth conditions associated with dynamothermal metamorphism at convergent plate boundaries

Answer 324

greenschist facies

Question 325

Dark in color, containing at least 50-60% mafic minerals.

Answer 325

mesocratic

Question 326

Said of igneous rocks that consist of 90% to 100% mafic minerals.

Answer 326

hypermelanic

Question 327

developed during hydrothermal alteration at divergent margins hotspots and convergent margins or during burial metamorphism at depths less than 5km

Answer 327

zeolite facies

Question 328

metamorphic facies formed in convergent plate margins like orogenic fold and thrust belts which are charac by moderate temperature/ pressure metamorphic conditions

Answer 328

greenschist

Question 329

also termed soluviation, ferrallitization, laterization,and latosolization) produces aluminium hydroxidessuch as gibbsite.

Answer 329

allitization

Question 330

The development of amphibole from pyroxene; specif. a late-magmatic or metamorphic process of replacement whereby uralitic amphibole results from alteration of primary pyroxene

Answer 330

uralitization

Question 331

the replacement of original skeletal material accomplished through the concurrent dissolution of calcium carbonate and precipitation of silica

Answer 331

Silicification

Question 332

a model of global mean sea level that is used to measure precise surface elevations

Answer 332

geoid

Question 333

minimum size of objects that can be detected by a sensor system

Answer 333

spatial resolution

Question 334

cyanide spill in rapurapu

Answer 334

lafayette ph inc.

Question 335

a homogeneous national network of geodetic control points marked by concrete monuments or mojons that has been established using Global Positioning System technology

Answer 335

PRS92

Question 336

easting value refers to

Answer 336

longitude

Question 337

company that was involved in the disaster that killed Boac River

Answer 337

Marcopper Mining corp

Question 338

sufficient information clear and unambiguous presentation of data not misleading to the readers of the public report

Answer 338

transparency

Question 339

age of pacific plate

Answer 339

Late Jurassic

Question 340

how many organic matters produced were preserved in petroleum reesource

Answer 340

0.1%

Question 341

the basement of masbate island

Answer 341

metamorphic complex

Question 342

ore bearing fluid rich in Na and Cl contain Ca Mg HCO3 and many contains Sr-Ba-N

Answer 342

connate water

Question 343

also called metallogenic zoning

Answer 343

regional zoning

Question 344

net movement of anything generally from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration. Diffusion is driven by a gradient in Gibbs free energy or chemical potential.

Answer 344

Diffusion

Question 345

is the coexistence of two or more liquid phases in equilibrium. Petrogenetic interest has stemmed from the potential of a homogeneous magmatic liquid to separate a second liquid phase in response to a change in temperature, pressure or composition.

Answer 345

Liquid immiscibility

Question 346

type of magmatic fluid enriched by Sn-W-Be-Li

Answer 346

S type granite

Question 347

alloy of Pb and Sn

Answer 347

Solder

Question 348

alloy of gold and copper

Answer 348

tumbaga

Question 349

areas with coal reserve

Answer 349

south mindoro
SIBUGUEY PENINSULA
samar

Question 350

a right lateral fault

Answer 350

aglubang fault

Question 351

basement of northern northern sierra madre

Answer 351

angat ophiolite

Question 352

dirty or loose connections between the geophones and the cable or the cable and the recording system

Answer 352

electronic noise

Question 353

later time of arrival of the reflected rays at receivers offset from the source for a horizontal reflector

Answer 353

normal waveout

Question 354

age of semi anthracite deposit of catanduanes

Answer 354

eocene

Question 355

cylindrical metal tube whichhouses the instrumentation needed for borehole logging

Answer 355

probe

Question 356

age of celebes sea basin

Answer 356

eocene

Question 357

basement of bondoc

Answer 357

gumaca schist

Question 358

age of manila trench

Answer 358

15Ma

Question 359

basin with the same classification

Answer 359

bicol shelf
illocos trough
agusan davao basin

Question 360

by product of coal processing

Answer 360

sulfur

Question 361

converting electrical energy into acoustic energy
this has the highest frequency

Answer 361

sparkers
boomers

Question 362

west linapacan

Answer 362

oil field

Question 363

sara diorite is found where

Answer 363

panay

Question 364

calatrava qartz diorite is found where

Answer 364

tablas

Question 365

act practive of geology in the ph

Answer 365

10166

Question 366

act geology profession act of pg

Answer 366

ra 4209

Question 367

ph mining act

Answer 367

ra 7942

Question 368

ra 8371

Answer 368

indigeneous rights

Question 369

when was the geological society of the philippines was established

Answer 369

1945

Question 370

line orientations in space relative to geographic directions

Answer 370

compass bearing

Question 371

the small metal used in the compass to balance the needle

Answer 371

wire coil

Question 372

unit used for coal capacity to generate electricity

Answer 372

Btu/lbs

Question 373

far south east deposit is what type of deposit

Answer 373

porphyry base metal deposit

Question 374

eagle cement in bulacan

Answer 374

open pit mining

Question 375

age of dupax diorite

Answer 375

oligocene

Question 376

coal bearing formation in quezon province

Answer 376

bordoes fm

Question 377

barite is seen where

Answer 377

batangas

Question 378

clean water act

Answer 378

ra 9275

Question 379

kapoas granite

Answer 379

north palawan

Question 380

unit used for coal capacity to generate energy

Answer 380

Btu/lbs

Question 381

basin form in the same group

Answer 381

SE Luzon Basin
Cagayan Basin
Sulu Sea Basin

Question 382

which particle sized hosted large amount of organic matter

Answer 382

clay with less than 2 microns

Question 383

The last stage of maturation and conversion of organic matter to hydrocarbons. occurs at temperatures of 150 to 200 degC

Answer 383

Metagenesis

Question 384

eroded or reworked organic matter

Answer 384

Type IV

Question 385

former head of department of geology and geography of the university if the philippines was unanimously elected as first presdient of the geological society of the ph september 2, 1945

Answer 385

Dr. Jose Feliciano

Question 386

8.0 magnitude Moro Gulf happened when

Answer 386

1976

Question 387

when was the lexicon of ph stratigraphy published and who was the author and he was the presidnet of GSP on what year

Answer 387

2008 mr. rolando pena
1997

Question 388

sorsogon has what type of coal

Answer 388

sub bituminous coal

Question 389

age of zambales ophiolite

Answer 389

eocene

Question 390

feb 2012 negros earthquake had a magnitude of what

Answer 390

6.9 Ms

Question 391

what pd is the DOE

Answer 391

PD 1206

Question 392

BOOK INFORMATION ON THE VALEY FAULT SYSTEM PUBLISHED BY phivolcs

Answer 392

the valley fault system ATLAS

Question 393

PNOC established through

Answer 393

Presidential Decree No. 334

Question 394

title of the journal first released by GSP

Answer 394

the philippine geologist

Question 395

father of ph geothermal

Answer 395

arturo pineda alcaraz

Question 396

tsunami has not yet been verified could exist andmay be little as an hour away

Answer 396

tsunami watch

Question 397

used for petroleum extraction to mechanically lift fluid out of the well if not enough bottom hole pressure exists for the liquid to flow all the wat to the surface

Answer 397

PUMP JACK

Question 398

an anomaly that can be developed to be prospect with additional data

Answer 398

lead

Question 399

major type of seal in a petroleum system

Answer 399

mudstone

Question 400

how many percent of gas reserve is stored in limestones

Answer 400

30%

Question 401

indo aus plate is moving at

Answer 401

10.7 cm/yr

Question 402

where is the ph island moving direction

Answer 402

NW direction
due to the ph sea plate moving direction

Question 403

age of shikoku basin

Answer 403

10Ma

Question 404

ancient volcanic arc active between 20-9 Ma

Answer 404

west marianas ridge

Question 405

collision of the ph sea plate and eurasian plate at

Answer 405

4Ma

Question 406

sulu sea basin formed during

Answer 406

early miocene

Question 407

using vitrinite reflectance what is the color of the mature source

Answer 407

bluish tint

Question 408

survey used for cloudy terrane

Answer 408

RADAR

Question 409

calamian island according to PTM belongs to

Answer 409

Zone II

Question 410

difficult to perform overlaying
depends on the source data
occupies less space

Answer 410

vector

Question 411

resolution depends on the cell size
difficult to perform network analysis
suffers from discretization

Answer 411

raster

Question 412

the horizontal angle between the direction of an object and another object, or between it and that of true north.
machine element that constrains relative motion to only the desired motion and reduces friction between moving parts

Answer 412

bearing

Question 413

makes an assumption that the gravity station is flat and on land this is subtracted

Answer 413

bouguer correction

Question 414

velocity varies with depth so time cannot be easily converted to depth
may be multiple reflections off of a single interfaces
vertical scale on seismic reflection profiles is time not depth

Answer 414

seismic reflection survey

not (reflections occur parallel to the interface)

Question 415

data produced by SRTM

Answer 415

DEM

Question 416

comprise of rigid aluminium plate attached below a heavy duty electrical coil by a spring loaded mounting

Answer 416

boomers

Question 417

responsible for the awarding of private gratuitous permit

Answer 417

provincial governor

Question 418

provides activities to achieve mine closure

Answer 418

FMRDP

Question 419

no go zone

Answer 419

EO 79

Question 420

Renewable Energy Act of 2008’ was codified in December 2008 to affirm the government’s commitment to accelerate the utilization of renewable energy (RE) resources in the country.

Answer 420

Republic Act No. 9513

Question 421

what ra is this the geologist should practice

Answer 421

candor
intergrity
fidelity

Question 422

deposits form at or near the sea floor where the circulating hydrothermal fluids driven by magmatic heat are quenched through mixing with bottom waters or pore waters in near seafloor lithologies

Answer 422

volcanogenic massive sulfide

Question 423

formed continuous cooling differentiation and crystallization of intermediate silisic magmas

Answer 423

hydrothermal fluid

Question 424

also known as replacement deposti

Answer 424

skarn

Question 425

minerals that are typical of hosting ore deposit

Answer 425

chalcophile

Question 426

siruma mineral reservation is for what type of deposti

Answer 426

china clay

Question 427

pryhotite is an indicator mineral in what type of deposits

Answer 427

low sulfidation epithermal deposit

Question 428

vuggy quartz indicates

Answer 428

high sulfidation

Question 429

elevated value of Dy and Nd indicates

Answer 429

continental crust

Question 430

major ore for REE

Answer 430

bastnasite

Question 431

refer the prograding process

Answer 431

potassic and prophylitic

Question 432

defines D vein

Answer 432

pyrite vein + quartz with alteration halo

Question 433

type of VMS that is ophiolite related

Answer 433

cyprus tpye

Question 434

minerals contain REE and doesnt

Answer 434

xenotime
haloysite
chamosite

doesnt monazite

Question 435

amount of sample sufficient for geochemical analysis

Answer 435

0.20kg

Question 436

mineral extraction like heacy minerals minimum mass required for mass sampling

Answer 436

1000g-2000g

Question 437

asked a sample for XRD

Answer 437

collect a chipped sample

Question 438

depth soil profile appropriate for a sample

Answer 438

at least 1m

Question 439

sampling for bed for relative dating

sampling graded beds

Answer 439

lower portion of the bed

mark first the upward position

Question 440

soft
resistant to chemical corrosion
flexible

Answer 440

asbestos

Question 441

locality asbestos is found

Answer 441

antique
pangasinan
bukidnon

Question 442

barite is used as

Answer 442

extender

Question 443

deposit of fire clay found in

Answer 443

semirara

Question 444

feldspar deposit found in

Answer 444

occidental mindoro

Question 445

where is gypsum found

Answer 445

cebu
occidental mindoro
batangas

Question 446

perlite used as

Answer 446

insulator

Question 447

talc is found here

Answer 447

mindoro occidental
palawan
zambales

Question 448

quarry are granted by

Answer 448

provincial governor

Question 449

ideal state of geochemical analysis

Answer 449

powedered form

Question 450

magnesium is better mined in

Answer 450

seawater

Question 451

minerals that are supergene

Answer 451

anglesite
smithsonite
hemimorphite

Question 452

deepwater horizon oil spill happened in

Answer 452

gulf of mexico

Question 453

who is the chief operationg officer in a mining company

Answer 453

mining superintendent

Question 454

used to prevent salt flocculate of bentonite and minimize the effect of high temp gelatin in bentonite fluid and sometimes added to get better filtration control

Answer 454

ferrochrome lignosulfonates

Question 455

nickel deposit in sudbury

Answer 455

magmatic deposit

Question 456

barite in a gold vein deposit is

Answer 456

gangue

Question 457

max weigh of gold bar or disc accepted by BSP

Answer 457

5000g

Question 458

what is accepted and not accepted in BSP

Answer 458

accepted
not damp
in a fom of bar
in a form of disc

not
amalhamated

Question 459

count of existing FTAA in oh

Answer 459

5

Question 460

grants the application permit

Answer 460

director

Question 461

type of epigenetic ore

Answer 461

epithermal gold deposit
skarn deposit
porphyry deposit

not bauxite deposit

Question 462

levigation is appropriate to use

Answer 462

platinum
chromite
hematite

not in feldspar

Question 463

process of extracting one material from another by washing with a solvent as in washing of loaded ion exchange resisn to remove captured ions used by FCF in extracting gold by electrowinning

Answer 463

elution

Question 464

ASTER means

Answer 464

activated sludge tailing effluent remediation

Question 465

EIS is under

Answer 465

PD 1856

Question 466

ipra IS ALSO known as

Answer 466

8731

Question 467

has white alteration

Answer 467

lead

Question 468

used in medicine such as loparamide

Answer 468

palygorskite

Question 469

> 200 degrees C and one of the most useful geothermometer in finding geothermal resources

Answer 469

EPIDOTE

Question 470

indicates good permeability and process of boiling

Answer 470

adularia

Question 471

also known as coking coal

Answer 471

metallurgical coal

Question 472

past atmospheric composition indication

Answer 472

bubbles present in glaciers

Question 473

type of mining method used to mine coal

Answer 473

long wall

Question 474

used to extract mineral deposits that are roughly tabular and generally associated with strong ore and surrounding rock

Answer 474

unsupported method mining

Question 475

alizarine red S

calcite and aragonite will stain to
witherite
cerussite

Answer 475

pink orange
red
mauve

Question 476

trypan blue
calcite
dolomite

Answer 476

dark blue
pale blue

Question 477

silver chromate stain
calcite
aragonite

Answer 477

red brown

Question 478

copper nitrate stain
calcite

Answer 478

green/bluish green

Question 479

cobalt nitrate stain
aragonite

Answer 479

lilac-purple

Question 480

harris hematoxilin solution stain
calcite

Answer 480

lilac

Question 481

meigen stain to
aragonite
calcite

Answer 481

purple
no change

Question 482

rhodizonic acid stain
witherite
calcite

Answer 482

orange/red
no change

Question 483

tropaeolin
smithsonite
magnesite

Answer 483

yellow
no change

Question 484

hydrogen peroxide potassium hydroxide
ankerite
siderite

Answer 484

orange
brown

Question 485

lemberg hydroxide stain
calcite

Answer 485

plae brown

Question 486

bensideme
rhodochrosite

Answer 486

blue

Question 487

potassium ferricyanide
anhydrite/gypsum
rhodochrosite
dolomite

Answer 487

yellow
pale brown
blue

Question 488

organic dye titan yellow
dolomite

Answer 488

dark orange red

Question 489

organic dye eosin y
dolomite

Answer 489

dark pink

Question 490

organic dye congo red
dolomite

Answer 490

red

Question 491

oragnic dye alizarine red
dolomite

Answer 491

lilac

Question 492

feigl solution
aragonite

Answer 492

black

Question 493

sodium cobaltinitrite
k felds
plafs except albite

Answer 493

yellow
red

Question 494

kirchberg
ankerite
siderite

Answer 494

gray to black
little coloring

Question 495

magneson
smithsonite removed after washing
magnesite stays after washing

Answer 495

slightly blue
dark blue