Radiography Flashcards

1
Q

How are you radiographic images obtained?

A

All about absorption of radiation by different radiographic tissues

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2
Q

What are the pros of using radiography for imaging?

A

Excellent for bone and gas
Okay for soft tissues
Good for large scale/ gross structure

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3
Q

What are the cons of using radiography

A

Radiation risk

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4
Q

What are radiolucent substructures?

A

Tissues are radiolucent and most waves pass all the way through
Low density things such as gases
Appear black on radiograph

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5
Q

What are radiopaque structures?

A

Most of the x rays are absorbed
Very dense tissue such as bone or metal
Appears white on radiograph

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6
Q

Why are some things on the radiograph black

A

X rays have been penetrated through the body and not been absorbed

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7
Q

Why are some things white on an radiograph

A

X rays have been absorbed by the body

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8
Q

What are X rays

A

For, of electromagnetic radiation, transverse waves
Short wavelength, so high frequency

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9
Q

Why are X rays dangerous

A

Due to high energy they can cause ionisation which can damage tissues

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10
Q

How can you make using radiography safer?

A

ALARP (As low as reasonably practicable):
Dose
Personnel
Times

Big distance
Use shielding
Don’t hold animal if possible
Use vertical beam if possible

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11
Q

How are x rays produced

A

Interaction of electrons with an atom
Cathode generates electrons, and then hit and interacts with the anode

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12
Q

What is the quality of the beam

A

Penetrating power

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13
Q

What is the intensity of the beam

A

Amount of radiation

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14
Q

What does increasing kV do

A

Increase electron acceleration
More x rays are produced
X rays have more energy, so increased penetrating power

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15
Q

What does changing current (mA do)

A

Increases tube current, so number of electrons, so greater number of x rays produced
Energy of x ray is unchanged

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16
Q

How does computed radiography work?

A

Phosphor plate held in cassette
When x rays strike plate, electrons are energised to form an invisible latent image (trapped energy)
Cassette is placed into reader and plate removed
Plate scanned by laser and trapped energy released as visible light

17
Q

How does direct digital radiography work?

A

X rays stimulate sensor panel that sends electronic signals directly to computer
Image can be manipulated and stored as before

18
Q

What is the mneumonic to remember when using radiography

A

Pink (position)
Camels (centring)
Collect (collimation)
Extra (exposure)
Large (labelling)
Apples (artefacts_

19
Q

What is important when positioning for a radiograph?

A

Position part of interest as close to image- receptor as possible
Part of interest should be parallel to image receptor

20
Q

What is centring when using radiography?

A

Centre the primary beam over the area of interest

21
Q

How should you collimate a beam

A

To minimum size necessary

22
Q

How can you limit scattered radiation?

A

Good collimation
Low kV