Neuron Cells And Brain Flashcards
Name the three different functions of neurons and explain the difference between afferent neurons, interneurons and efferent neurons.
Sensory neurones (afferent neurones)
Motor neurones (efferent neurones)
Relay neurones (inter neurons)
What do afferent neurones do
conduct impulses from sensory receptors into the CNS
What do the inter neurons do?
located in the CNS
Bridge sensory and motor neurons
What do efferent neurons do?
conduct impulses out of the CNS to effectors
Name the three different structures found in the body
Multipolar neurone
Pseudounipolar neuron
Bipolar neuron
What is. Multipolar neuron and where is it found
Several dendrites
1 axon
Motor neuron and can be in CNS
What is the structure of a pseudounipolar neuron like and where is it found
Axon and dendron
Sensory neurons
What is the structure of bipolar neurons like and where are they found
have 2 processes one at either end (this type of neuron is found in: the retina, inner ear, brain (olfaction area only))
Give five examples of sensory neurons
Mechanoreceptors
Chemoreceptors
Thermoreceptors
Photoreceptor
Electroreceptor
What are the two types of motor neurons
Autonomic (adrenaline)
Somatic (acetylcholine)
Give the two names of neuroglia in the peripheral nervous system and explain their function
Schwann cells —> insulators so speed up signal transmissiom
Satellite cells —> support the functions (homeostasis) of neurons within the sensory and autonomic ganglia. supply nutrients to the surrounding neurons and also have some structural function.
Give the four names of neuroglia in the central nervous system and their
function
Oligodendrocytes —> myelinate part of CNS, can spread round several axons
Astrocytes —> for, junction between capillaries and neurones. Maintain ion coneventraiom. Take up some neurotransmitters to reuse. Involved in blood brain barrier. Uses glucose from blood to turn into lactate for energy for neuron cells
Microglia —> phagocytose pathogens and cellular debris, form the immune system of the brain and the spinal cord.
Ependymal cells —> control production and flow on cerebrospinal fluid, beat cilia to help it flow
What is each cerbral hemisphere divided up into
the frontal lobe, the parietal lobe, the occipital lobe, insula , and the temporal lobe
What does the left hemisphere of the brain control?
Motor control of right side of the body
What does the left hemisphere of the brain control
Motor control of right side of the body
Spatial ability
Perception
What does the frontal lobe control
Emotions
Personality
Attention skills
Decision making/ problem solving
What does the temporal lobe control
Processes and understands sounds
What does the parietal lobe control
Visuspatial processing
Tells our body where things are alrumd us
What does the occipital lobe control
Vision
What does the basal ganglia do
motor control, as well as other roles such as motor learning, executive functions and behaviors, and emotions.
What is the role of the hippocampus
Long term memory
What is the function of the corpus callosum
conduit allowing information to transmit from one side of the brain to the other
What structures make up the limbic system
the amygdala, hippocampus, thalamus, hypothalamus, basal ganglia, and cingulate gyrus.
What is the function of the limbic system
process and regulate emotion and memory while also dealing with sexual stimulation and learning
What is the function of the cerebral cortex
planning of) movement, perception, learning
What is the function of the thalamus
The thalamus plays a major role in regulating arousal, levels of consciousness and levels of activity.
What is the function of the hypothalamus
The function of the hypothalamus is mainly related to the overall regulation of the Endocrine System.
Appetite
Reproduction response
What is the function of the cerebellum
integration and control of posture and movem
What is the function of pons
Mange’s sleep schedule
Manages pain signals
Junction point for 4 cranial nerves
What is the function of the medulla oblongata
Controls autonomic things like heart beat and respiration
What division of the brain does the thalamus arise from
Diancepholon
What is the function of the thalamus
Major relay station for sensory information
Receives motor information from cerebrum and basal ganglia, then passes it onto the motor region of the cortex
What is the function of the hypothalamus
Links endocrine and nervous system
Homeostasis
Regulatory centre for ANS
What is the function of the pituitary gland
Hormonal regulation
Metabolism, growth, sexual maturation
Where is the pineal gland located
Caudal of pituitary gland
What is the function of the pineal gland
Produced of melatonin for body clock regulation
Seasonal regulation
Sleep/ wake cycle
Reproduction
Fur coat changes
What is the function of the limbic system
Emotion and behaviour
What are some common structures considered part of the limbic system
Hippocampus
Hypothalamus
Amygdala
Maxillary bodies
Give the classification of neurons as a function of the nerve impulse velocity and give example of anatomical locations.
The larger the diameter of the fibre and the thicker the myelin sheath the faster the transmission velocity
In the CNS - brain, spinal cord
