JOINTS Flashcards
What is a joint?
Smooth bearing surface
Flexible interface between bones
What is the technique called when sampling synovial fluid of the joints
Synoviocentis
What can synoviocentis assess
Joint disease
Infection
How do you prepare for synovial fluid sampling
Clip area
Scrub area with antiseptic for 3-5mins
Swap alcohol over surface
What equipment do you need for synoviocentis?
20 gauge needle
2-10 ml syringe
What do you with sample once it’s been taken?
Prepare on microscope slide and smear
What do you assess with synoviocentis
Total protein concentration
High protein conc. indicated inflammation
How do you measure total protein conc.
Put sample in micro capillary tube and then centrifuge it
Then put it in a retractor
Where should you insert needle when sssessing synovial fluid in fetlock joint?
Through proximal part of lateral collateral sesamoidal ligament
Needle parallel to ground
Where do you insert needle when sampling synovial fluid at the distal interphalangal joint?
Palpate the condyles of the condyles of the second phalange on dorsal aspect
Insert needle 1cm from coronary band
Direct needle distally
Should be perpendicular to the dorsal aspect of the pastern
What are the normal parameters for synovial fluid for:
Colour
Viscosity
Turbidity
Total protein
pH
White blood cell count
Cell types
Clear of slightly yellow
>2cm
None
10-20g per litre
Less than 6.9
0.2 x 10^9
Less tyan 10% neutrophils, some lymphocytes and mononuclear cells
What are the abnormal parameters for synovial fluid for:
Colour
Viscosity
Turbidity
Total protein
pH
White blood cell count
Cell types
Clear, haemoharrgic, yellow
Watery
None, turbidy, cloudy
>40g per litre
>6.9
>50 x 10^9
More than 90% neutrophils, bacteria
Where would you find fibrous cartilage joints?
Skull
Teeth
Where would you find cartilaginous joints?
Two halves of pelvis, to give extra space when giving birth
What is an example of a synovial joint?
Horse fetlock
