DOG AND CAT ANATOMY Flashcards
What parts of anatomy have been conserved during evolution?
Relative position of CNS and GIT
Segmentation
Head- tail orientatiom
How has head and neck changed over time and why?
Coracoid has become fused with scapula
Clavicle has derived from, skin armour
Made head and neck more flexible
How is the proximal forelimb adapted for running?
No clavicle —> scapula becomes extra limb bone
Why is reduction of the clavicle useful
for a greater capacity of movements of extension and flexion of the shoulder, which determines the increase of stride length for cursorial specie
How has the clavicle regressed?
Clavicle was originally a bone attaching vertebrae to humerus
Muscle —> stereocleidomastoideus split into two muscles —> sternocephalicas and cleidocephalicas
Muscle —> deloidous split into two muscles —> deltoidous and cleidobrachialis
Muscles split allowing attachment of muscle directly to humerus
What are the adaptations of the dog distal forelimb
Antebrachium is more stable, so limited pronation and supination
Radiocarpal joimt has limited abduction/ abduction
How is carnivore hindlimb adapted
Small abdomen means more hip movement
Spherical femoral head
Angled femoral neck
Limb joints move independently
What are the MSK adaptations of dogs
Type IID muscle fibres
Light body frame
Long limbs
Flexible neck
What are the MSK adaptations for cats?
Type II fast twitch fibres
Long limbs
Tail for balance
Good joint flexibility
Light body frame (wide medulla cavity)
What is the triceps brachii like in dogs vs cats
Dogs—> four heads
Cats —> five heads
How does cat claw retraction work
Caused by hyperextension of distal interphalangesl joint
Extended by pull from DDFT
What are some anatomical features of the cats proximal forelimb
Acromion has two processes
Supracondylar foreamen
Ulnar nerve is under medial head of biceps
No supratrochlesr foramen
What is the clavicle like in carvuvores
Free floating and doesn’t articulate with other bomes
What is the axial skeleton of a cat like
No nuchal ligament
Flexible lumbar region —> increases flexibility
