Divisions Of The Nervous System Flashcards
What are the three divisions of the NS
CNS
PNS
ENS
What is nervous tissue made up from?
Neuron cells
Nerve fibres
Neuroglial cells
What are glia cells
All the other cells in the nervous system
What are the two types of glia cells
Macroglia cells
Microglia cells
What is the function of the Microglia
Specialised macrophages in NS
Controls inflammation
What are the seven types of macroglia
Astrocytes
Schwann cells
Ependymal cells
Astrocytes
Satellite cells
Radial glia
Enteric glia
What do Astrocytes do?
Neuronal support
Repair damage
Controls local environment of CNS
What do oligendendron cells do
Produce myelin sheath in the CNS
What do Schwann cells do
Produce myelin sheath in the PNS
What do satellite cells do
Control environment around neurons
Supports and protects neurons
What is a radial glia
A progenitor cell so can differentiate into different types of. Ells
What is white matter
Nervous tissue covered by myelin
What is grey matter
Unmyelinated parts of the neuron
What is a ganglia
Cell bodies that join together
What 3 tracts in the brain are formed by white matter
Association fibres
Commissaral fibres
Protection fibres
What do the association fibres do?
Connects different areas of the same cortex (part of the brain)
What do commisural fibres do?
Connects identical areas of the two hemispheres
What do projection fibres do
Comments the cerebral cortex to the subcortical structures like thalamus and spinal cord
Where is the spinal cord more swollen and why
Cervical and lumbar parts of SC
More nerve bodies to supply to limb
What does the white matter form in spinal cord
Dorsal column
Ventral column
What are the dorsal columns
Ascending sesnsory tracts
What are the ventral columns
Descending motor columns
What does the grey matter form
Dorsal horn
Lateral horn
Ventral horn
What forms the dorsal horn
Sesnsory neurons
At what point on spinal cord can you see lateral horns
T1- L3
What is the lateral horn formed from,?
Autonomic motor neurons
What is the ventral horn formed from
Cell bodies of voluntary motor neurons
What is the meninges
3 membranes that surround brain and spinal cord
Dura Mater
Arachnoid mater
Pia mater
What is the function of meninges
Structural iupport for brain
Contain CSF
How are the layers structured
Skull
Dura mater
Arachnoid mater
Pia
Brain
Where is the CSF
In the subarachnoid space
What are peripheral nerves in the head called
Cranial nn
What are the peripheral nerves in body called
Spinal nn
How many cervical nerves are there in dog
8
How many thoracic nerves are there in dog
13
How many lumbar nerves are there in dog
7
How many caudal nerves are there in dog
5
What is the structure of a spinal nerve like
Rami (closest to spinal cord)
Trunk
Roots (one dorsal and one ventral)
How are cervical vertebrae numbered
Nerve is in front of the vertebrae
C2 nerve is in front of C2 vertebrae
How are thoracic vertebrae labelled
Nerve is behind the vertebrae
Where does the spinal cord end in the dog
L6/7
Where does the spinal cord end in the horse
S1
Where does the spinal cord end in the ox
L7
Where does the spinal cord end in the cat
S1
What is a dermatome
Strip of body wall innervated by single spinal nerve
What is propriocepriom
The ability to know where and how your body is oeientated in space
Which root/ horn is afferent vs efferent
Afferent -> sensory
Efferent -> motor
What is the difference in efferent pathways between concious and unconscious
Concious it goes through the cerebrum via spinocerrebellar tracts
Unconscious it goes through the somesthetic cortex via gracile tracts
What are the 5 receptors in proprioceprion
Muscle spindles
Golgi tendon organs
Joint capsules
Ligaments
Skin
