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NMSK > Biologicial Rhythyms > Flashcards

Biologicial Rhythyms Flashcards

1
Q

What is a rhythm

A

A function which oscillates or cycles at regular frequencies

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2
Q

What is chronobiologiy

A

A field of science that examines periodic phenomena in living organisms and their adaptation to external environments

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3
Q

What is circadian

A

A daily rhythmical change in behaviour or in a physiological process

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4
Q

What is infradian

A

Frequency with less than one cycle in 28 hours

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5
Q

What is ultradian

A

Periods shorter than circadian rhythm

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6
Q

What is a zeitgeber?

A

Any external cue that entrains the internal time keeping of the organism

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7
Q

What is an example of an infradian cycle

A

Breeding/ reproduction cycle

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8
Q

What is an example of ultranian movement

A

Rapid eye movement in sleep

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9
Q

What is external synchronisation

A

organisms living in synchro with the rhthyms of nature

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10
Q

What is internal synchronisation

A

Organisation of endogenous processes (organ systems)

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11
Q

Where are the biological clocks of the body

A
  1. Retina (photopigment in ganglion cells)
  2. Superchiasmatic nucleus
  3. Pineal gland
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12
Q

How is the retina involved in biological clocks

A

Sends signal to SCN and thalamus

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13
Q

Where is the suprachiasmtic nucleus?

A

Above optic chiasm

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14
Q

What is the suprachiasm nucleus function

A

Circadian functions

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15
Q

Where is the pineal gland

A

Attached to dorsal tectum

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16
Q

Where is the pineal gland

A

Above dorsal tectum

17
Q

What does the pineal gland do

A

Produces melatonin in response to signals from SCN

18
Q

What are the inputs of the SCN

A

Light

19
Q

What does the SCN control

A

Sleep/ wakefulness
Feeding/ energy expenditure
Glucose homeostasis
Hormone homeostasis
Body temperature and blood pressure regulation

20
Q

What is the input of the peripheral clocks

A

Signal from SCN
Feeding/ fasting

21
Q

What is the output of peripheral clocks

A

Lipogenesis
Fat absorption

22
Q

What are peripheral clocks

A

Monitors in each organ to external environment

23
Q

What are the consequences if the circadian rhythm of sleep is disrupted

A

Poor sleep
Bipolar disorder
Alhezimers

24
Q

What are the consequences if the circadian rhythm of metabolism is disrupted

A

Obesity
Type 2 diabetes
Fatty liver disease

25
Q

What are the consequences if the circadian rhythm of microbiota is disrupted

A

Increased body weight

26
Q

What are the consequences if the circadian rhythm of cardiovascular is disrupted

A

Atherosclerosis
Cardiovascular risk

27
Q

What are the consequences if the circadian rhythm of cardiovascular is disrupted

A

Atherosclerosis
Cardiovascular risk

28
Q

What is chromopharmacology

A

Targeting the clock to treat metabolic disorders

NMSK (47 decks)

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