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Dentistry > Radio Exam 3 > Flashcards

Radio Exam 3 Flashcards

1
Q

The latent period in radiation biology is the time between…

A

Exposure to x-radiation and clinical symptoms

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2
Q

A free radical

A

An uncharged molecule, has an unpaired electron in the outer shell, highly reactive/unstable, combines with molecules to form toxins

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3
Q

Direct radiation injury occurs when…

A

X-ray protons hit critical targets within a cell

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4
Q

Indirect radiation injury occurs when…

A

X-ray photons are absorbed and form toxins

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5
Q

Which relationship describes the response of tissues to radiation

A

Linear, nonthreshold

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6
Q

Which factors contribute to radiation injury

A

Total dose, dose rate, age, cell sensitivity

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7
Q

Long-term effects are seen with small amounts of radiation absorbed in a long period

A

True

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8
Q

Radiation injuries that are not seen in the person irradiated but that occur in future generations are termed…

A

Genetic effects

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9
Q

What is most susceptible to ionizing radiation

A

Small lymphocyte

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10
Q

The sensitivity of tissues to radiation is determined by

A

Mitotic activity, cell differentiation, cell metabolism

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11
Q

What is considered radioresistant

A

Mature bone cells

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12
Q

An organ that, if damaged, diminishes the quality of an individuals life is termed

A

Critical

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13
Q

The traditional unit for measuring x-ray exposure in air is termed

A

Roentgen

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14
Q

Which radiation unit is determined by the quality factor (QF)

A

Rem

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15
Q

The unit for measuring the absorption of x-rays is termed

A

Rad

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16
Q

1 R = 2.58 X 10 to the -4 C/kg, 1 Gy = 100 rad, 1 Sv = 100 rem, 1 rem = rad X QF

A

All correct conversions

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17
Q

What traditional unit does not have an SI equivalent

A

Roentgen

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18
Q

What is used only for x-rays

A

Roentgen

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19
Q

What is the approximate average dose of background radiation received by an individual in the United States

A

300 mrem/ 3.0 mSv

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20
Q

What is the greatest contributor to artificial radiation exposure

A

Medical radiation

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21
Q

The amount of radiation exposure an individual receives varies depending on

A

Receptor type, collimation, technique

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22
Q

A single intraoral image using digital sensor results in an effective exposure dose of

A

0.002 mSv

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23
Q

What is the dose at which leukemia induction is most likely to occur

A

5000 mrad (0.05) Gy

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24
Q

Smallest effective does using digital receptors

A

Single periapical/rectangular collimation

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25
Q

Second smallest effective dose using digital receptors

A

Single bite-wing/round collimation

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26
Q

3rd/medium effective dose using digital receptors

A

Panoramic

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27
Q

4th/large effective dose using digital receptors

A

Complete series/rectangular collimation

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28
Q

Largest effective dose using digital receptors

A

Complete series/round collimation

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29
Q

Smallest annual source of radiation exposure

A

Consumer products

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30
Q

2nd annual source of radiation exposure

A

Terrestrial (soil)

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31
Q

3rd annual source of radiation exposure

A

Cosmic (space)

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32
Q

4th annual source of radiation exposure

A

Medical procedures

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33
Q

Largest annual source of radiation

A

Radon and thoron

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34
Q

Localization of foreign objects is the most important use of dental images

A

False

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35
Q

When images are properly prescribed, the benefit of disease detection does not outweigh the risk of small doses of radiation

A

False

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36
Q

Through the use of dental images, the dental professional can detect diseases, lesions, and conditions of the jaws that cannot be identified clinically

A

True

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37
Q

A dental image contains less information than a written record

A

False

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38
Q

Missing, extra, and impacted teeth can be identified on a dental image

A

True

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39
Q

The dental radiographer is any person who positions, exposes, and processes dental x-ray receptors

A

True

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40
Q

The dental radiographer is assigned only to position and expose dental x-ray imaging receptors

A

False

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41
Q

The dental radiographer may be assigned to monitor and implement quality control procedures

A

True

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42
Q

Patient and operator protection must be primary concerns of the dental radiographer

A

True

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43
Q

Operator competence is maintained by repeatedly performing dental imaging duties

A

False

44
Q

Skills that promote a good relationship between individuals are termed facilitation skills

A

False

45
Q

Interpersonal skills are skills that are used to make communication easier and develop a trusting relationship between the patient and the dental professional

A

False

46
Q

A patient must always be greeted by their first name

A

False

47
Q

The dental auxiliary must develop a fast paced, confident chairside manner

A

False

48
Q

What does the term bite-wing refer to

A

Patient bites on a wing/bite block/ tab to stabilize the film

49
Q

What size film is recommended for use with bite-wing tech in adult patient

A

2

50
Q

What size receptor recommended for bite-wing tech in pediatric patient with primary dentition

A

0

51
Q

What is primary use of bite-wing images

A

Interproximal decay/caries detection

52
Q

What size receptor used to include all the posterior teeth in one bite-wing exposure

A

3

53
Q

What type of angulation is determined by the up-and-down movement of the position-indicating device

A

Vertical angulation

54
Q

What type of angulation is determined by the side-to-side movement of the PID

A

Horizontal angulation

55
Q

When the central ray of the x-ray is not directed through the contact areas of teeth, what error is seen on the resulting image

A

Overlapped contacts

56
Q

Correct vertical angulation with bite-wing tech/bite tab

A

+10 degrees

57
Q

What describes the relationship of the receptor to maxillary and mandibular teeth in bite-wing tech

A

Receptor and teeth are parallel to each other

58
Q

Anterior bite-wings can be placed horizontally

A

False

59
Q

Anterior bite-wings can be placed vertically

A

True

60
Q

Posterior bite-wings can be placed horizontally

A

True

61
Q

Posterior bite-wings can be placed vertically

A

True

62
Q

Anterior periapical receptors are always exposed first

A

True

63
Q

Posterior periapical receptors are exposed after anterior periapicals

A

True

64
Q

Bite-wing receptors are exposed last

A

True

65
Q

What is exposed first

A

Periapicals, maxillary anterior

66
Q

What is exposed second

A

Periapicals, mandibular anterior

67
Q

What is exposed 3rd

A

Periapicals, posterior

68
Q

What is exposed 4th

A

Bite-wing premolars

69
Q

What should be exposed last

A

Bite-wing molar

70
Q

With total dose more damage occurs when tissues absorb _____ quantities of radiation

A

Large

71
Q

With dose rate more damage takes place with _______ dose rates because repair cannot take place

A

High

72
Q

With amount irradiated more damage occurs when _____ amounts of the body are exposed to radiation

A

Large

73
Q

With cell sensitivity more damage occurs in cells that are more ______ to radiation

A

Sensitive

74
Q

With age persons who are _____ are more susceptible to damage than persons who are _____

A

Children, adults

75
Q

With stochastic effects the severity of the response is _______ of the dose

A

Not depended on magnitude

76
Q

With non-stochastic effects the severity of the effect increases with _____ dose

A

Exposure

77
Q

Examples of stochastic effects

A

Induction of leukemia/other cancers

78
Q

Examples of non-stochastic effects

A

Loss of hair, skin erythema, cataracts, decreased fertility, radiation sickness, fetal death, teratogenesis

79
Q

Sequence of radiation injury

A

Latent period, injury within cells, recovery

80
Q

Short term effects are associated with ____ amounts of radiation absorbed in a ____ time

A

Large, short

81
Q

Short term effects

A

Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, hair loss, hemorrhage

82
Q

Long term effects

A

Cancer, birth/genetic defects

83
Q

Bone marrow

A

Radiosensitive

84
Q

Intestinal mucosa

A

Radiosensitive

85
Q

Salivary gland

A

Radioresistant

86
Q

Lens of eye

A

Radiosensitive

87
Q

Kidney

A

Radioresistant

88
Q

Oral mucosa

A

Radiosensitive

89
Q

Liver

A

Radioresistant

90
Q

Reproductive cells

A

Radiosensitive

91
Q

Nerve tissue

A

Radioresistant

92
Q

Skin

A

Radiosensitive

93
Q

Thyroid gland

A

Radiosensitive

94
Q

Muscle tissue

A

Radioresistant

95
Q

Exposure unit of measurement traditional system

A

Roentgen (R)

96
Q

Dose unit of measurement traditional system

A

Radiation absorbed (Rad)

97
Q

Measurement for dose equivalent traditional system

A

Roentgen equivalent (in) man (rem)

98
Q

MPD per year

A

5.0 rem

99
Q

SI system measurement unit for dose

A

Gray (Gy)

100
Q

SI measurement unit for dose equivalent

A

Sievert (SV)

101
Q

4 ways to limit patient exposure

A

Rectangular collimation, digital sensor, increase target receptor distance, fast film

102
Q

Bite wing exams are used to examine level of ____ bone

A

Crestal

103
Q

How much does exposure decrease with use of film

A

50%-90%

104
Q

How much is absorption reduced using F-speed instead of D-speed

A

60%

105
Q

Stochastic effects

A

Genetic effect

106
Q

Threshold curve

A

Below certain level no response seem. Response on left dose on bottom

Dentistry (63 decks)

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