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Dentistry > Radio 145 Final > Flashcards

Radio 145 Final Flashcards

1
Q

Who developed the first x-ray tube

A

Coolidge

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2
Q

Who discovered x-rays

A

Roentgen

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3
Q

Who expose the first dental radiograph

A

Walkhoff

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4
Q

What type of electrical charge does the electron carry

A

Negative

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5
Q

What describes ionization

A

Atom that loses an electron

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6
Q

Where are x-rays produced

A

In the negative cathode

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7
Q

Where does thermionic emission occur

A

Negative cathode

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8
Q

What describes primary radiation

A

Radiation that exits the tube head

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9
Q

What describes scatter radiation

A

Radiation that has been deflected from its path by interaction with matter

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10
Q

In general imaging what is the quality of the x-ray beam controlled by

A

Kilo voltage

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11
Q

What is the kilo voltage range for current dental x-ray machines

A

70 to 100 kV

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12
Q

What does a higher kilovoltage produce x-rays with

A

Greater energy levels, shorter wavelengths, more penetrating ability

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13
Q

Results from radiation produced with high kilovoltage

A

Short wavelengths

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14
Q

What is the milliamperage range used for current dental x-ray machines

A

6 to 8 mA

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15
Q

What is the overall blackness or darkness of an image

A

Density

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16
Q

If kilovoltage is decreased with no other variations in exposure factors, what will the resulting image look like

A

Appears lighter

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17
Q

What is the term that describes how dark and light areas are differentiated on an image

A

Contrast

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18
Q

The latent period In radiation biology is the time between

A

Exposure to x-radiation and clinical symptoms

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19
Q

Radiation injuries that are not seen in the person irradiated but that occur in future generations are termed

A

Genetic effects

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20
Q

What is most susceptible to ionizing radiation

A

Small lymphocyte

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21
Q

What is the sensitivity of tissues to radiation determined by

A

Cell differentiation, cell metabolism, mitotic activity

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22
Q

What is considered radio resistant

A

Mature bone cells

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23
Q

What is an organ that if damage diminishes the quality of life termed

A

Critical

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24
Q

What is the greatest contributor to artificial radiation exposure

A

Medical radiation

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25
Q

X radiation is not harmful to living tissues

A

False

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26
Q

Every patient should be evaluated individually prior to prescribing dental images

A

True

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27
Q

The thyroid collar must be worn for both intraoral and extra oral exposures

A

False

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28
Q

If necessary the dental radiographer may hold a receptor in the patient’s mouth to ensure a diagnostic image

A

False

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29
Q

What describes the function of a filter in a dental x-ray tube head

A

It removes low energy x-rays

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30
Q

What is the most effective method of reducing patient exposure to radiation

A

Fast films

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31
Q

Which position indicating device is most effective in reducing patient exposure

A

Rectangular

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32
Q

Which device restricts the size and shape of the x-ray beam

A

Collimator

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33
Q

Which material is used as a collimator

A

Lead

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34
Q

What is the recommended size of the beam at the patient’s face

A

2.75 inches

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35
Q

What term describes the dose of radiation that the body can door with little or no chance of injury

A

Maximum permissible dose

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36
Q

The radiation monitoring badge should be worn at waist level when exposing x-ray receptors

A

True

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37
Q

What are dental receptors place inside the mouth termed

A

Intraoral

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38
Q

What is the component part of the dental x-ray machine that contains the x-ray tube termed

A

Tube head

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39
Q

What is used to restrict the size of the x-ray beam to the size of an intraoral receptor

A

Collimating device

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40
Q

Why is the identification dot on the intraoral film significant

A

Indicates the patients right or left side, determines film orientation, is important in film mounting

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41
Q

What is one advantage of a film with an emulsion coating on both sides

A

The film requires less radiation exposure to make an image

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42
Q

What is the purpose of a lead foil sheet in the film packet

A

To protect the film from backscattered radiation

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43
Q

What is the largest intraoral film size

A

4

44
Q

The portion of a dental image that appears dark or black is termed what

A

Radiolucent

45
Q

What is the portion of a dental image that appears light or white termed

A

Radiopaque

46
Q

What appears most radio Lucent on a dental image

A

Air space

47
Q

What appears most radiopaque on a dental image

A

Enamel

48
Q

The overall blackness or darkness of a dental image is termed what

A

Density

49
Q

What do leaks of white light in the dark room cause

A

Film fogging

50
Q

How many feet at minimum must a safe flight be placed from the film and work area

A

4

51
Q

Why should unopened boxes of radiographic film not be stored in the dark room

A

Chemical fumes from processing solutions may fog the film

52
Q

How often should the processing tank be cleaned

A

Whenever solutions are changed

53
Q

For quality control purposes each new box of unopened film should be tested for film freshness and fogging before it is used

A

True

54
Q

How will fresh film appear that has been stored properly after processing

A

Clear with a slight blue tint

55
Q

What is the coin test used to check

A

Proper safe lighting

56
Q

What is a reference radiograph used to check

A

Strength of the developer solution

57
Q

What is the clearing test used to monitor

A

Fixer strength

58
Q

Use of a chemical or physical procedure to destroy all pathogen’s including spores

A

Sterilize

59
Q

Micro organisms capable of causing disease

A

Pathogen

60
Q

Exposure to infectious materials resulting from the procedures performed by the dental professional

A

Occupational exposure

61
Q

Exposure to infectious materials that result from piercing or puncturing the skin

A

Parenteral exposure

62
Q

Use of a chemical or physical procedure to destroy all pathogen’s except spores

A

Disinfect

63
Q

Instrument used to penetrate soft tissue or bone

A

Critical instrument

64
Q

Waste that consists of blood blood products contaminated sharps and other microbiological products

A

Infectious waste

65
Q

Absence of pathogen’s

A

Asepsis

66
Q

What is the primary purpose of infection control

A

To prevent disease transmission

67
Q

What are the three possible routes of disease transmission

A

Direct, indirect, airborne

68
Q

What is the proper direction of the central ray in the bisecting technique

A

90° to the imaginary bisector

69
Q

Describe the distance between the receptor and the tooth in the bisecting technique

A

The receptor is placed as close as possible to the tooth

70
Q

What’s an advantage of the bisecting technique

A

Shorter exposure time

71
Q

The disadvantages of the bisecting technique outweigh the advantages

A

True

72
Q

What size receptor is recommended for use with the bitewing technique in the adult patient

A

Size 2

73
Q

What size receptor is recommended for use with the bitewing technique in the pediatric patient with primary dentition

A

Size 0

74
Q

How is the patient’s head position before exposing a bitewing receptor

A

Maxillary arch is parallel to the floor mid sagittal plane is perpendicular to the floor

75
Q

What size receptor is used to include all of the posterior teeth in one bitewing exposure

A

Size 3

76
Q

What type of angulation is determined by the up and down movement of the position indicating device

A

Vertical angulation

77
Q

What type of angulation is determined by the side to side movement of the PID

A

Horizontal angulation

78
Q

When the central ray of the x-ray is not directed through the contact areas of the teeth what error is seen on the resulting image

A

Overlapped contacts

79
Q

When does it cone cut result

A

When the beam is not centered over the film the x-ray doesn’t hit the film

80
Q

Too much vertical angulation results in images that are what

A

For shortened

81
Q

To little vertical angulation results in images that are what

A

Elongated

82
Q

Incorrect horizontal angulation results in images that are what

A

Overlapped

83
Q

What errors can occur with the bitewing technique

A

Overlap contacts, cone cut

84
Q

What errors can occur with the bisecting technique

A

Elongation, overlapped contacts, Cone cut, phalangioma

85
Q

What describes a use of a panoramic image

A

Evaluation of impacted molars

86
Q

What is the zone in which structures are clearly demonstrated on a panoramic image termed

A

Focal trough

87
Q

Why aren’t thyroid collars recommended in panoramic imaging

A

It blocks the x-ray beam and obscures information

88
Q

What imaginary plane passes from the bottom of the eyesocket through the top of the ear canal

A

Frankfort

89
Q

What procedure has a collimator is a lead plate with the small round or rectangle or opening

A

Intraoral image

90
Q

Procedure must earrings and necklaces be removed for

A

Panoramic imaging

91
Q

Procedure requires the mid sagittal plane to be positioned perpendicular to the floor

A

Panoramic and intraoral imaging

92
Q

During which procedure must the vertebral column be perfectly straight

A

Panoramic imaging

93
Q

In digital imaging the term used to describe the picture that is produced is radiograph

A

False

94
Q

Digital imaging requires more x-radiation than conventional radiography

A

False

95
Q

The x-radiation source used in most dental imaging systems is a conventional dental x-ray unit

A

True

96
Q

All intraoral sensors can be heat sterilized after use

A

False

97
Q

One advantage of a digital imaging system is the superior grayscale resolution that results

A

True

98
Q

The manipulation of the original digital images can be considered a legal issue

A

True

99
Q

When was digital imaging introduced to dentistry

A

1987

100
Q

What can digital imaging be used for

A

Detecting conditions of teeth and surrounding structures, evaluating the growth and development of jaws, confirmation of suspected disease

101
Q

Why does digital imaging require less radiation then conventional radiography

A

The sensor is more sensitive to x-rays

102
Q

The image receptor found in the intraoral sensor is termed what

A

CCD

103
Q

What restorative material is least radiopaque

A

Acrylic

104
Q

Describe the difference between a gold crown and a stainless steel crown as viewed on a dental image

A

Gold crowns are large radiopaque with smooth contours and regular borders stainless steel is thin less radiopaque with some see-through areas

105
Q

What’s the difference between gutta Percha and silver points as viewed on a dental image

A

Gutta Percha is less radiopaque silver points are highly radiopaque

Dentistry (63 decks)

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