Biomed Ch 6&7 Flashcards
Anatomy
Study of shape and structure of human body
Physiology
Study of functions of human body
Anatomical position
When body is erect facing forward with arms at sides and palms facing up
Mid sagittal plane
Vertical plane divides body into equal left and right halves
Horizontal plane
Divides the body into upper and lower portions
Cytoplasm
Gel like fluid inside the cell
Organelle
Part of cell that performs a definite function
Nucleus
Center of cell, Carries genetic information
Proximal
Park closer to the trunk of the body
Visceral
Internal organs or covering of organs
Periatal
Wall of a body cavity
Appendicular
Region of the body that consist of the limbs
Stem cells
Immature, unspecialized cells capable of replication and differentiation into other types of cells or tissues
Connective tissue’s
Bind and support other tissues
What is the organizational levels of the body
Cells, tissues, organs, systems
What are the two major cavities in the body
Dorsal and ventral
What does the axial portion of the body consist of
Head, neck, trunk
What does the appendicular portion of the body consist of
arms, legs
What is the simplest organizational level of the human body
Cells
What is the federal government’s lead agency for scientific research on oral, dental, and cranial facial disease
NIDCR
What is the portion of the skeleton that consists of the skull, spinal column, ribs, sternum
Axial skeleton
What is the portion of the skeleton that consists of the upper extremities and shoulder girdle plus the lower extremities and pelvic girdle
Appendicular skeleton
What is a specialize connective tissue that covers all bones of the body
Periosteum
What are cells that are associated with bone formation
Osteoblasts
What anchors the periosteum to the bone
Sharpies fibers
What forms the outer layer of bones where it is needed for strength
Compact bone
What is the lighter bone found in the interior of bones
Cancellous bone
What is a tough connective, nonvascular, elastic tissue
Cartilage
What is another term for joints
Articulation
Pericardium
A double walled sack that encloses the heart
Arteries
Large blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart
Veins
Blood vessels that carry blood to the heart
Central nervous system
Composed of the brain and spinal cord
Peripheral nervous system
Composed of the cranial nerves and spinal nerves
Neurons
Direct nerve impulses
Peristalsis
A rhythmic action that moves food through the digestive tract
Integumentary system
Involves the skin
What are the 3 types of muscles tissues
Smooth, striated, cardiac
Which muscle is striated in appearance but resembles smooth muscle in action
Cardiac
What is a common muscular disorder
Muscular dystrophy
What is a function of the circulatory system
Regulate body temperature and chemical stability and provide the body with nutrients
What do the heart chambers consist of
Atria, ventricles
What are the functions of a blood vessel
Carry blood away from heart, connect the arterial and venous system, carry blood towards heart
What is the primary function of the lymph system
Destroy harmful microorganisms
What tissues make up the lymph system
Lymph vessels, nodes, fluid
What system makes up the nervous system
Central nervous system, peripheral nervous system
The autonomic nervous system is divided into what
Parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous system
What are the type of neuron that carries impulses toward the brain and spinal cord
Motor
What is the main function of the respiratory system
To deliver oxygen to the body
What is a roll of the digestive system
Provide nutrition for the body
Actions of the digestive system
Ingestion, movement, absorption
What is the primary function of the endocrine system
To maintain homeostasis
What is the primary function of the urinary system
To form and eliminate urine
What are examples of an appendage
Hair, nails, glands
Axial
Referring to the body region that comprises the head, neck, and trunk
What are the 10 body systems
Skeletal, muscular, cardiovascular, nervous, respiratory, digestive, endocrine, urinary, integumentary, reproductive
What is the name for chemical messengers within the endocrine system
Hormones
