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Neuroscience I > Quiz 2 Part 2 : Neurophysiology > Flashcards

Quiz 2 Part 2 : Neurophysiology Flashcards

1
Q

electrical activity of a cell

A

neurophysiology

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2
Q

two ways neurons communicate

A

electrical and chemical

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3
Q

within a neuron

A

electrical (neurophysiology)

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4
Q

between neurons

A

chemical (neurochemical)

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5
Q

outer layer of the neuron that is a lipid bilayer

A

cell membrane

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6
Q

separates neuron from what it floats in (CSF)

A

cell membrane

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7
Q

the inside of the cell is more _____ than the outside of the cell

A

negative

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8
Q

negatively charged ions

A

anions

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9
Q

positively charged ions

A

cations

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10
Q

ions are dissolved in …

A

intracellular fluid

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11
Q

what is the charge caused by

A

the difference in ions in the intracellular and extracellular space

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12
Q

membrane potential of -60 to -80mV

A

resting potential

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13
Q

when the cells interior has a negative polarity at rest

A

resting potential

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14
Q

proteins that span the cell membrane and allow different types of ions to pass

A

ion channels

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15
Q

channels that are open all the time

A

leak channels

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16
Q

allow only potassium ions to cross freely, restrict the flow of certain ions

A

selective permeability

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17
Q

forces that drive ion movement across the membrane

A

diffusion and electrostatic pressure

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18
Q

diffusion

A

molecules distribute themselves evenly through a liquid where they are dissolved

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19
Q

concentration gradient

A

ions move from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration
social distancing for molecules

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20
Q

electrostatic pressure

A

causes ions to flow towards oppositely charged areas

  • opposites attract
  • like charges repel
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21
Q

typical ionic distribution at rest

A

salty banana

  • inside of cell has lots of K+
  • outside cell has ions that make up salt Na+ and Cl-
  • more Ca2+ outside cell than in
  • cover the banana in salt
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22
Q

how does K+ move in relation to diffusion

A

diffusion pushes it out of the cell

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23
Q

how does K+ move in relation to electrostatic P

A

pushes it back into the cell

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24
Q

negatively charged proteins (A-)

A

do not move, stuck inside the membrane always there

25
Q

how does Cl- move in relation to diffusion

A

moves into the cell

26
Q

how does Cl- move in relation to electrostatic P

A

pushes it outside of the cell

27
Q

how does Na+ move in relation to diffusion

A

into the cell

28
Q

how does Na+ move in relation to electrostatic P

A

into the cell, opposites attract

29
Q

what ion contributes most to keeping neuron at resting potential

A

K+

30
Q

at rest, why do K+ ions move into the negative interior

A

electrostatic pressure

31
Q

when does K+ reach equilibrium?

A

when the movement out is balanced by the movement into the cell

32
Q

why do neurons use a sodium potassium pump?

A

to maintain resting potential

33
Q

sodium potassium pump

A

pumps 3 Na+ out of the cell and 2 K+ into the cell

allows ion exchange against concentration gradient

34
Q

brief but large change in membrane potential that originates at the axon hillock

A

action potential

35
Q

Patterns of action potentials carry information to ___

A

postsynaptic targets

36
Q

at rest the membrane is __

A

polarized

37
Q

decrease in membrane potential

A

depolarization

38
Q

these increase membrane potential

A

repolarization and hyperpolarization

39
Q

voltage change that spreads passively across membrane, diminishing as it moves away from the point of stimulation

A

local potentials

40
Q

produces small local depolarization, pushes cell closer to threshold, makes it more likely an action potential will occur

A

Excitatory Postsynaptic Potential (EPSP)

41
Q

produces small hyperpolarization

- pushes neuron farther away from threshold

A

Inhibitory Postsynaptic Potential (IPSP)

42
Q

where does the integration between EPSPs and IPSPs

A

axon hillock

43
Q

neuron fires at full amplitude or none

A

all or none phenomenon

44
Q

increased frequency =

A

increased stimulus strength

45
Q

does a louder noise mean there are larger action potentials?

A

no. it means there are multiple action potentials

46
Q

resting membrane potential

A

-60 to -80 mV

47
Q

what is/what happens at threshold?

A

threshold = -55 to -40 mV

the voltage gated Na+ channels open

48
Q

what is/ what happens at the peak of the action potential?

what is this known as?

A

peak = +40 mV
Na channels close, K channels open
known as repolarization

49
Q

what is hyperpolarization in mV

A

below -80mV

50
Q

absolute refractory period

A

does not matter what stimulus is received, you can not physically have another action potential

51
Q

relative refractory period

A

difficult to have another action potential, need a really big stimulus to move to an even higher threshold since so low.

52
Q

action potentials are regenerated along the axon at points known as

A

nodes of ranvier

53
Q

each adjacent section is____ and a new action potential occurs

A

depolarized

54
Q

the axon potential travels inside the axon and jumps from node to node
- travel in one direction

A

saltatory conduction

55
Q

speed of propagation of action potentials, varies with the diameter of the axon
- large diameter = faster speed

A

conduction velocity

56
Q

what speeds up communication

A

myelin

57
Q

neurotoxin that blocks voltage gated Na and K ion channels

A

Tetrodotoxin (TTX)

58
Q

Hw does TTX effect action potential?

A

prevents depolarization of the action potential, no release of neurotransmitters

59
Q

neurotoxin that is irreversible activator of Na channels, affects nerve and muscle cells, stabilizes open conformation of voltage gated ion channels
too much Na adding in, depolarization step then plateau

A

Batrachotoxin (BTX)

Neuroscience I (32 decks)

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