Exam 4: Attention and Consciousness Flashcards
attention (selective attention)
process of selecting or focusing on one or more stimuli
overt attention
occurs when the focus coincides with the sensory orientation
- sensory and attention both attend to the same thing
covert attention
focus is independent of sensory orientation
- looking at something not in direct sight
- bringing attention to someone and saying not to look and they peek
cocktail party effect
selective attention filters out stimuli not being attended to
inattentional blindness
failure to consciously perceive a non-attended stimulus
- not paying attention to
ex: the 4 of hearts turning black but you were not focused on that so did not notice
what does inattentional blindness show us?
there are limits on attentional abilities - impossible for all info to enter sensory
change blindness
failure to notice a change in our perceptual field
- spot the difference activities
limits on attention (3)
- divided attention tasks
- stroop task
- attentional spotlight
divided-attention tasks
subjects asked to process two or more simultaneous stimuli
stroop task
naming the color of the word not the actually color that is written out in letters
attentional spotlight
shifts around environment, highlighting stimuli for processing
early-selection model - attentional bottleneck
filtering occurs at sensory level
- only things you focus on will make it into analysis/processing
- nonattended to info never reaches higher level processing
late-selection model - attentional bottleneck
filtering only after substantial analysis has occurred
unconscius decision
perceptual load
immediate processing demands presented by stimulus
- determines how much of our perceptual resources are used
voluntary attention (endogenous)
directed toward aspects of environment according to our interests and goals
- top down attentional processing
slower