Exam 4: Attention and Consciousness Flashcards

1
Q

attention (selective attention)

A

process of selecting or focusing on one or more stimuli

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2
Q

overt attention

A

occurs when the focus coincides with the sensory orientation

- sensory and attention both attend to the same thing

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3
Q

covert attention

A

focus is independent of sensory orientation

  • looking at something not in direct sight
  • bringing attention to someone and saying not to look and they peek
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4
Q

cocktail party effect

A

selective attention filters out stimuli not being attended to

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5
Q

inattentional blindness

A

failure to consciously perceive a non-attended stimulus

  • not paying attention to
    ex: the 4 of hearts turning black but you were not focused on that so did not notice
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6
Q

what does inattentional blindness show us?

A

there are limits on attentional abilities - impossible for all info to enter sensory

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7
Q

change blindness

A

failure to notice a change in our perceptual field

- spot the difference activities

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8
Q

limits on attention (3)

A
  • divided attention tasks
  • stroop task
  • attentional spotlight
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9
Q

divided-attention tasks

A

subjects asked to process two or more simultaneous stimuli

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10
Q

stroop task

A

naming the color of the word not the actually color that is written out in letters

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11
Q

attentional spotlight

A

shifts around environment, highlighting stimuli for processing

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12
Q

early-selection model - attentional bottleneck

A

filtering occurs at sensory level

  • only things you focus on will make it into analysis/processing
  • nonattended to info never reaches higher level processing
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13
Q

late-selection model - attentional bottleneck

A

filtering only after substantial analysis has occurred

unconscius decision

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14
Q

perceptual load

A

immediate processing demands presented by stimulus

- determines how much of our perceptual resources are used

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15
Q

voluntary attention (endogenous)

A

directed toward aspects of environment according to our interests and goals
- top down attentional processing
slower

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16
Q

top down attentional processing

A

controlled by higher level conscious processing

17
Q

reflexive attention (exogenous)

A

involuntary reorienting of attention toward a sudden or important event
- bottom up attentional processing

18
Q

bottom up attentional processing

A

controlled by lower order sensory inputs rather than by voluntary, conscious processes
ex: hear something ad then turn head to look that way

19
Q

the target pops out right away due to unique attribute

A

feature search

20
Q

based on 2 or more features that distinguish the target

more common, more complex

A

conjunction search

21
Q

what type of search is it when you are looking for waldo?

A

feature search

22
Q

what guides the movement of eyes toward objects of attention

- overt attention - direct

A

superior colliculi

23
Q

what is involved in visual processing, orienting and shifting attention, and filtering stimuli

A

pulvinar

- back half of thalamus - relay station connecting colliculi to other regions

24
Q

what are the 2 integrated networks that control attention

A
  • dorsal frontoparietal system

- right temporoparietal system

25
Q

dorsal frontoparietal system

A

top down control

cognitive control of voluntary actions

26
Q

2 parts of dorsal frontoparietal system

A
Intraparietal sulcus (IPS) 
frontal eye field (FEF)
27
Q
encodes salience (priority) map that controls voluntary shifts of attention 
- shifts or changes in attention controlled here
A

IPS (intraparietal sulcus )

28
Q

establishes gaze in accordance with cognitive goals (top down) rather than characteristics of stimuli

  • closely connected with superior colliculus
  • where eyes are focusing
A

FEF - frontal eye field

29
Q

right temporoparietal system

A

network for reflexive shifts of attention

- bottom up

30
Q

in the right temporoparietal network what steers attention toward novel or unexpected stimuli?

A

temporoparietal junction (TPJ)

31
Q

what two structures allow the reorganization of attentional priorities?

A

IPS and TPJ

32
Q

TPJ shows increased activity to stimuli at ____

A

unexpected locations

- receives input directly from visual cortex

33
Q

TPJ has strong connections with ____

- involved in working memory

A

ventral frontal cortex

34
Q

VFC (ventral frontal cortex) may analyze novelty by

A

comparing stimuli over short periods of time

- have i seen this before

35
Q

what other system is the TPJ similar to in the way that it likes unexpected rewards

A

mesolimbic dopamine system

36
Q

hemispatial neglect

A
attention disorder
- most frequently results from stroke
- complete disregard for 1 side of the world - main symptom - usually left side of body 
ex: not getting fully dressed 
some people can partially recover
37
Q

brain damage in hemispatial neglect

A

damaged areas: IPS, TPJ, VFC
- issues with sustaining attention and switching between attentional tasks
top down control effected - usually also reflexive actions