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Neuroscience I > Quiz 1 > Flashcards

Quiz 1 Flashcards

1
Q

communication relaying cells, come in many shapes and sizes

A

neuron

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2
Q

message receiver

A

dendrite

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3
Q

has a nucleus, keeps the cell alive

A

soma, cell body

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4
Q

where all messages converge, first place to decide if message should be sent out

A

axon hillock

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5
Q

sends the message

A

axon

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6
Q

insulates axon, keeps message inside

A

myelin sheath

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7
Q

gaps between myelin, signal boosters

A

nodes of ranvier

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8
Q

meets up with dendrites of the next neuron

A

axon terminal

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9
Q

where communication occurs between 2 neurons

A

synapse

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10
Q

on the neuron, sends the message

A

presynaptic membrane

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11
Q

dendrite of the receiving neuron

A

postsynaptic membrane

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12
Q

what neurotransmitters travel across to get to the postsynaptic membrane

A

synaptic cleft

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13
Q

in the presynaptic axon terminal containing neurotransmitters

A

synaptic vesicles

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14
Q

when are neurotransmitters released

A

in response to electrical activity in the presynaptic axon

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15
Q

what happens to leftover neurotransmitters at a synapse

A

they get broken down or reabsorbed, do not get sucked into the next neuron

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16
Q

one axon, many dendrites, the most common type of neuron

A

multipolar

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17
Q

one axon, one dendrite, rare but seen in sensory/visual systems

A

bipolar

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18
Q

single extensions branches in two directions forming receptive pole and an output zone, cell body off to the side

A

unipolar

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19
Q

respond to environmental stimuli (light, odor, touch)

signals from environment to the brain

A

sensory neurons

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20
Q

receive input from and send input to other neurons
facilitate communication
ONLY in the CNS

A

interneurons

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21
Q

stimulate muscles or glands, the response

cell body in CNS, axons go to rest of body

A

motor neurons

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22
Q

responsible for helping with support, nutrients, insulation, the immune system, enhance neuron function
90% of cells in brain

A

glial cells

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23
Q

are there more neurons or glial cells?

A

glial cells

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24
Q

5 types of glial cells

A

astrocytes, microglia, oligodendrocytes, schwann cells, ependymal cells

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25
large, over achievers - provide physical and structural support to brain - BBB (line of defense btw brain and blood) prevent toxins from getting into brain - facilitate conversations - nutrients to neurons - chemical exchanges
astrocytes
26
small, remove debris from injured cells - wait to find intruders/pathogen, attack when find - in neurodegenerative disorders
microglia
27
form myelin sheath on axons
oligodendrocytes and schwann cells
28
only in CNS 1 can make multiple myelin layers of fat so it insulates when wraps around axon
oligodendrocyte
29
in PNS | 1 cell = 1 myelin
schwann cells
30
around ventricles, has hairs coming off and can produce and help move the CSF in the brain
ependymal cells
31
glial cells wrap axons with a fatty sheath to insulate and speed conduction
myelination
32
an imaginary line drawn through the spinal cord up to the front of the brain
neuroaxis
33
toward the nose
anterior/rostral
34
toward the tail
posterior/caudal
35
toward the belly/bottom
ventral
36
toward the back/top
dorsal
37
above
superior
38
below
inferior
39
divides brain into upper and lower part
horizontal plane
40
bisects the body into right and left halves
sagittal plane
41
divides the body into front and back regions
coronal plane
42
on both sides
bilateral
43
on one side
unilateral
44
structures on opposite sides
contralateral
45
structures on same side
ipsilateral
46
close
proximal
47
far away
distal
48
arriving
afferent
49
exiting
efferent
50
In the CNS what is a collection of neurons
nucleus
51
In the CNS what is a bundle of axons
tract
52
In the PNS neurons form
ganglia
53
In the PNS bundles of axons are
nerves
54
Central Nervous System (CNS)
brain and spinal cord
55
Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)
all parts of nervous system outside skull and spinal column
56
connects brain and major muscles and sensory systemms
somatic nervous system
57
nerves that mainly control the viscera (internal organs)
autonomic nervous system
58
nervous system consisting of cranial nerves and spinal nerves
somatic nervous system
59
olfactory (smell)
cranial nerve I
60
optic (visual)
cranial nerve II
61
oculomotor (muscle that moves eye)
cranial nerve III
62
trochlear
cranial nerve IV
63
abducens
cranial nerve VI
64
trigeminal (face, sinuses, teeth, jaw muscles)
cranial nerve V
65
facial (tongue, facial muscles, salivary glands)
cranial nerve VII
66
vestibulocochlear (hearing and balance)
cranial nerve VIII
67
glossopharyngeal (taste, swallow)
cranial nerve IX
68
vagus (internal organs)
cranial nerve X
69
(spinal) accessory | - neck muscles
cranial nerve XI
70
hypoglossal (tongue)
cranial nerve XII
71
mnemonic for the 12 cranial nerves
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72
mnemonic for the functions of the 12 cranial nerves
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73
carries sensory information from the body to the spinal cord
dorsal root
74
carries motor information from spinal cord to muscles
ventral root
75
nervous system that spans the CNS and PNS
autonomic nervous system
76
groups of neurons located outside the CNS
autonomic ganglia
77
these run from the CNS to the autonomic ganglia
preganglionic neurons
78
run from the autonomic ganglia to targets in the body
postganglionic neurons
79
fight or flight response
sympathetic nervous system which is part of the autonomic nervous system
80
Neurotransmitter associated with the sympathetic nervous system
norepinephrine
81
neurotransmitter associated with the parasympathetic nervous system
acetylcholine
82
rest and digest
parasympathetic nervous system

Neuroscience I (32 decks)

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