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Neuroscience I > Quiz 1 > Flashcards

Quiz 1 Flashcards

1
Q

communication relaying cells, come in many shapes and sizes

A

neuron

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2
Q

message receiver

A

dendrite

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3
Q

has a nucleus, keeps the cell alive

A

soma, cell body

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4
Q

where all messages converge, first place to decide if message should be sent out

A

axon hillock

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5
Q

sends the message

A

axon

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6
Q

insulates axon, keeps message inside

A

myelin sheath

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7
Q

gaps between myelin, signal boosters

A

nodes of ranvier

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8
Q

meets up with dendrites of the next neuron

A

axon terminal

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9
Q

where communication occurs between 2 neurons

A

synapse

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10
Q

on the neuron, sends the message

A

presynaptic membrane

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11
Q

dendrite of the receiving neuron

A

postsynaptic membrane

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12
Q

what neurotransmitters travel across to get to the postsynaptic membrane

A

synaptic cleft

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13
Q

in the presynaptic axon terminal containing neurotransmitters

A

synaptic vesicles

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14
Q

when are neurotransmitters released

A

in response to electrical activity in the presynaptic axon

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15
Q

what happens to leftover neurotransmitters at a synapse

A

they get broken down or reabsorbed, do not get sucked into the next neuron

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16
Q

one axon, many dendrites, the most common type of neuron

A

multipolar

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17
Q

one axon, one dendrite, rare but seen in sensory/visual systems

A

bipolar

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18
Q

single extensions branches in two directions forming receptive pole and an output zone, cell body off to the side

A

unipolar

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19
Q

respond to environmental stimuli (light, odor, touch)

signals from environment to the brain

A

sensory neurons

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20
Q

receive input from and send input to other neurons
facilitate communication
ONLY in the CNS

A

interneurons

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21
Q

stimulate muscles or glands, the response

cell body in CNS, axons go to rest of body

A

motor neurons

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22
Q

responsible for helping with support, nutrients, insulation, the immune system, enhance neuron function
90% of cells in brain

A

glial cells

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23
Q

are there more neurons or glial cells?

A

glial cells

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24
Q

5 types of glial cells

A

astrocytes, microglia, oligodendrocytes, schwann cells, ependymal cells

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25
Q

large, over achievers

  • provide physical and structural support to brain
  • BBB (line of defense btw brain and blood) prevent toxins from getting into brain
  • facilitate conversations
  • nutrients to neurons
  • chemical exchanges
A

astrocytes

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26
Q

small, remove debris from injured cells

  • wait to find intruders/pathogen, attack when find
  • in neurodegenerative disorders
A

microglia

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27
Q

form myelin sheath on axons

A

oligodendrocytes and schwann cells

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28
Q

only in CNS
1 can make multiple myelin
layers of fat so it insulates when wraps around axon

A

oligodendrocyte

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29
Q

in PNS

1 cell = 1 myelin

A

schwann cells

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30
Q

around ventricles, has hairs coming off and can produce and help move the CSF in the brain

A

ependymal cells

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31
Q

glial cells wrap axons with a fatty sheath to insulate and speed conduction

A

myelination

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32
Q

an imaginary line drawn through the spinal cord up to the front of the brain

A

neuroaxis

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33
Q

toward the nose

A

anterior/rostral

34
Q

toward the tail

A

posterior/caudal

35
Q

toward the belly/bottom

A

ventral

36
Q

toward the back/top

A

dorsal

37
Q

above

A

superior

38
Q

below

A

inferior

39
Q

divides brain into upper and lower part

A

horizontal plane

40
Q

bisects the body into right and left halves

A

sagittal plane

41
Q

divides the body into front and back regions

A

coronal plane

42
Q

on both sides

A

bilateral

43
Q

on one side

A

unilateral

44
Q

structures on opposite sides

A

contralateral

45
Q

structures on same side

A

ipsilateral

46
Q

close

A

proximal

47
Q

far away

A

distal

48
Q

arriving

A

afferent

49
Q

exiting

A

efferent

50
Q

In the CNS what is a collection of neurons

A

nucleus

51
Q

In the CNS what is a bundle of axons

A

tract

52
Q

In the PNS neurons form

A

ganglia

53
Q

In the PNS bundles of axons are

A

nerves

54
Q

Central Nervous System (CNS)

A

brain and spinal cord

55
Q

Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

A

all parts of nervous system outside skull and spinal column

56
Q

connects brain and major muscles and sensory systemms

A

somatic nervous system

57
Q

nerves that mainly control the viscera (internal organs)

A

autonomic nervous system

58
Q

nervous system consisting of cranial nerves and spinal nerves

A

somatic nervous system

59
Q

olfactory (smell)

A

cranial nerve I

60
Q

optic (visual)

A

cranial nerve II

61
Q

oculomotor (muscle that moves eye)

A

cranial nerve III

62
Q

trochlear

A

cranial nerve IV

63
Q

abducens

A

cranial nerve VI

64
Q

trigeminal (face, sinuses, teeth, jaw muscles)

A

cranial nerve V

65
Q

facial (tongue, facial muscles, salivary glands)

A

cranial nerve VII

66
Q

vestibulocochlear (hearing and balance)

A

cranial nerve VIII

67
Q

glossopharyngeal (taste, swallow)

A

cranial nerve IX

68
Q

vagus (internal organs)

A

cranial nerve X

69
Q

(spinal) accessory

- neck muscles

A

cranial nerve XI

70
Q

hypoglossal (tongue)

A

cranial nerve XII

71
Q

mnemonic for the 12 cranial nerves

A

On Occasion Oliver Travels To Africa For Very Good Vacations And Holidays

72
Q

mnemonic for the functions of the 12 cranial nerves

A

Some Say Marry Money, But My Brother Says Big Brains Matter More

73
Q

carries sensory information from the body to the spinal cord

A

dorsal root

74
Q

carries motor information from spinal cord to muscles

A

ventral root

75
Q

nervous system that spans the CNS and PNS

A

autonomic nervous system

76
Q

groups of neurons located outside the CNS

A

autonomic ganglia

77
Q

these run from the CNS to the autonomic ganglia

A

preganglionic neurons

78
Q

run from the autonomic ganglia to targets in the body

A

postganglionic neurons

79
Q

fight or flight response

A

sympathetic nervous system which is part of the autonomic nervous system

80
Q

Neurotransmitter associated with the sympathetic nervous system

A

norepinephrine

81
Q

neurotransmitter associated with the parasympathetic nervous system

A

acetylcholine

82
Q

rest and digest

A

parasympathetic nervous system

Neuroscience I (32 decks)

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