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Neuroscience I > Last Stuff Exam 1: Amino acid neurotransmitters > Flashcards

Last Stuff Exam 1: Amino acid neurotransmitters Flashcards

1
Q

most common transmitters in the brain

A

amino acid neurotransmitters

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2
Q

most widespread excitatory transmitter

A

glutamate

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3
Q

most widespread inhibitory transmitter

A

GABA

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4
Q

How is glutamate synthesized?

A

synthesized from glutamine by glutaminase

- requires energy from ATP

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5
Q

What moves glutamate into vesicles in the presynaptic axon terminal?

A

Vesicular glutamate transporters (VGLUT)

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6
Q

Where are VGLUT found?

A

only in glutamatergic neurons

even though it can be produced in astrocytes

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7
Q

Glutamate is removed from the synapse through reuptake by …

A

excitatory amino acid transporters (EAAT) EAA1 and EAA2

astrocyte transports also take up glutamate

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8
Q

After uptake, what converts glutamate into glutamine by glutamine synthetase

A

astrocytes

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9
Q

three types of ionotropic glutamate receptors

A

AMPA, NMDA, Kainate

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10
Q

AMPA receptors

A

Na+ influx

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11
Q

Kainate receptors

A

Na+ influx

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12
Q

NMDA receptors

A

Na+ and Ca2+ influx

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13
Q

3 classes of metabotropic receptors

A

group I, group II , and group III

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14
Q

which glutamate metabotropic receptors are excitatory and postsynaptic

A

group I

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15
Q

which glutamate metabotropic receptors are inhibitory and presynaptic

A

group II and group III

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16
Q

How is GABA synthesized?

A

only by GABAergic neurons

17
Q

What is GABA made from and catalyzed by?

A

GABA is made from glutamate

catalyzed by glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD)

18
Q

How does GABA move into vesicles?

A

vesicular GABA transporters (VGAT) or VIAAT

19
Q

What transporters help with the reuptake of GABA?

A

GAT-1, GAT-2, GAT-3

also taken up by astrocytes like glutamate

20
Q

GABA A receptors

A

ionotropic

Cl-influx

21
Q

GABA B receptors

A

metabotropic

K+ efflux

22
Q

GABA receptors

A

all inhibitory

all hyperpolarize the cell

Neuroscience I (32 decks)

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