Exam 4: Emotions Flashcards
a subjective mental state usually accompanied by distinctive behaviors and involuntary physiological changes
emotion
emotional states often activate the autonomic nervous system in what 2 ways?
sympathetic nervous system
parasympathetic nervous system
sympathetic nervous system
- and what emotions
“fight or fight” activates body for action
ex: anger, fear, excitement, super happy
parasympathetic nervous system
- and what emotions
prepares body to relax and recuperate
ex: love, relief, peaceful feeling
What does the cingulate cortex provide for the autonomic nervous system?
motor control
- expression of emotional state through gestures, posture, basic movements - body language
example of cingulate cortex effects on autonomic nervous system?
you get so angry that you are shaking your fists
What is the anterior cingulate responsible for?
conflict processing
ex: you have been in a fight with someone and they say “I’m fine” but they say it in an angry tone
(conflict between feeling something but displaying a diff emotion)
- so happy you could cry (conflicting)
- reciprocal projections with PFC to monitor choices and outcomes
where does the anterior cingulate cortex project to?
PFC
what are facial expressions mediated by?
- muscles, cranial nerves, and CNS pathways
2 categories of facial muscles
superficial facial muscles - attach to facial skin
deep facial muscles - attach to skeletal structures in head
facial muscles are innervated by…
the facial nerve (CN 7) and the trigeminal nerve (CN 5)
cranial nerve 7
facial nerve
- motor: making facial expressions
- sensory: taste
cranial nerve 5
trigeminal nerve
- making a surprise face - sensory
- motor: moving jaw muscles to smile
real emotional expressions are…
involuntary
evidence that real emotional expressions are involuntary
Duchenne’s muscle
Duchenne’s muscle
false smile: contraction of mouth muscle
real smile: contraction of muscles near the eye
voluntary emotional expressions require…
M1 - located in precentral gyrus
- smile for camera
volitional facial paralysis
- damage to voluntary emotional expression
- told to smile but cannot however if involuntary like at a funny joke they can still smile
spontaneous (involuntary) emotional expressions require what subcortical structures?
limbic system: amygdala and hypothalamus
emotional facial paresis
- damage to limbic system
- can get voluntary response however when something is actually funny they cannot smile
facial feedback hypothesis
sensory feedback can affect our mood
ex: forcing a smile can make you feel happier
what medical conditions can impair facial expression?
parkinson’s, Moebias, Bell’s palsy
Bell’s palsy
caused by a virus
causes partial face paralysis
temporary
cannot produce a facial expression
Moebius syndrome
- genetic condition characterized by underdevelopment of abducens and facial cranial nerves
- difficulty producing facial expression and recognizing emotion