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Neuroscience I > Quiz 2 > Flashcards

Quiz 2 Flashcards

1
Q

local network of nerves that regulate function of the gut
important role in maintaining fluid and nutrient balance
responsible for many disorders

A

enteric nervous system

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2
Q

nervous system controlled by the CNS

A

enteric nervous system

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3
Q

3 main subdivisions in the brain

A

forebrain, midbrain, hindbrain

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4
Q

has subcortical structures, cerebral cortex

higher level executive functioning

A

forebrain

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5
Q

controls movement, visual/auditory processes, pain processing

A

midbrain

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6
Q

known as the reptilian brain

vital for breathing, coordination and balance, arousal

A

hindbrain

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7
Q

the brain has two…

A

cerebral hemispheres

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8
Q

folded outermost layer of cerebral hemispheres

made of neuron cell bodies, dendrites, axons

A

cerebral cortex

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9
Q

describe the folds in the cerebral cortex

A

made of gyri (folds) and sulci (lines/indents) that increase the amount of surface area (cortex) that can fit into the skull. Grouped into 4 lobes

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10
Q

bundle of axons that connects the left and right hemispheres of the brain

A

corpus callosum

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11
Q

what are the 4 lobes of the brain

A

frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital

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12
Q

lobe of brain: movement and higher level cognition

- attention, planning, producing language, impulse control

A

frontal lobe

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13
Q

lobe of brain: spatial cognition, sensory processing

- pain, touch, temperature, forms connections between sensory systems

A

parietal lobe

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14
Q

lobe of brain: visual processing

A

occipital lobe

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15
Q

lobe of brain: memory and learning

- smell, auditory processing

A

temporal lobe

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16
Q

located in the posterior frontal lobe, important for motor control
- voluntary movements

A

precentral gyrus (motor cortex)

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17
Q

located in the anterior parietal lobe, important for touch (whether it is light, painful, or a vibration)

A

postcentral gyrus (somatosensory cortex)

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18
Q

boundary of the temporal lobe (separates temporal lobe from parietal and frontal lobes)

A

sylvian fissure

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19
Q

divides frontal lobe from the parietal lobe

- separates precentral and postcentral gyrus

A

central sulcus

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20
Q

difference between a sulcus and a fissure

A

fissures are deeper than sulci

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21
Q

contains more cell bodies and dendrites which lack myelin

A

gray matter

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22
Q

consists mostly of axons ith white myelin sheath

  • fatty parts of the brain
  • fiber tracts and axons
A

white matter

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23
Q

bilateral network of brain regions important in motor control, reciprocally connected with the cortex
“I want to move” signal is filtered through here

A

basal ganglia

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24
Q

structures within the basal ganglia

A

caudate, putamen, globus pallidus, subthalamic nucleus, substantia nigra**

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25
Q

fuse together to make up the striatum
C shaped, 1 in both hemispheres
- in rats it is just one thing

A

caudate and putamen

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26
Q

has internal and external segments

A

globus pallidus

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27
Q

some subcortical structures

A

basal ganglia, limbic system, thalamus and hypothalamus

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28
Q

includes structures important for learning and memory, cognitive functions, emotional regulation, and sense of smell

A

limbic system

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29
Q

within the limbic system

A

hippocampus, amygdala, cingulate gyrus, hypothalamus**

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30
Q

part of limbic system responsible for memory, spatial navigation

A

hippocampus

31
Q

part of limbic system involved in emotional regulation

- specifically fear!

A

amygdala

32
Q

part of limbic system involved in emotional regulation, homeostasis, eating drinking, water balance

A

cingulate gyrus

33
Q

part of limbic system with 4 functions

A

hypothalamus

34
Q

cluster of nuclei that relay sensory and motor information

- grand central station of the brain

A

thalamus

35
Q

four functions of the hypothalamus

A

Feeding, Fighting, Fleeing, Fornicating

36
Q

what are the two midbrain sensory systems of the tectum

A

superior and inferior colliculi

37
Q

visual processing in the midbrain

A

superior colliculi

38
Q

auditory processing in the midbrain

A

inferior colliculi

39
Q

what are the 4 midbrain systems of the tegmentum

A

periaqueductal gray, substantia nigra, red nucleus, reticular formation

40
Q

system of tegmentum involved in pain perception

A

periaqueductal gray

41
Q

system of tegmentum involved in motor systems

- line of black pigmented cells

A

substantia nigra

42
Q

system of tegmentum involved in motor systems

A

red nucleus

43
Q

system of tegmentum involved with sleep and arousal (arousal meaning being awake)

A

reticular formation

44
Q

what is part of the hindbrain

A

cerebellum, pons, medulla

45
Q

what is the brainstem composed of

A

midbrain, medulla, pons

46
Q

what is attached to the brainstem

  • crucial for motor coordination and control
  • participates in some types of learning
  • corrects movement when you are stumbling and is responsible for the smooth movement when walking
A

cerebellum

47
Q

part of hindbrain, contains motor control and sensory nuclei

- gives rise to some cranial nerves

A

pons

48
Q

part of hindbrain: marks transition from brain to spinal cord; contains cranial nerve nuclei (vagus) that drive essential processes like respiration and heart rate

A

medulla

49
Q

all axons from the brain to spinal cord pass through this

A

medulla

50
Q

responsible for blood flow to the cerebellum and meninges

A

vertebral artery

51
Q

vertebral arteries fuse at base of brain

A

basilar artery

52
Q

basilar artery gives rise to _____

A

posterior cerebral artery

53
Q

blood flow to ventral posterior brain and the occipital lobe

A

posterior cerebral artery

54
Q

main blood supply, you can feel this artery in your neck

- branches into anterior and middle cerebral arteries

A

internal carotid artery

55
Q

brings blood to most of cerebral cortex/hemisphere

A

anterior carotid artery

56
Q

brings blood to latera/outside cortex

A

middle carotid artery

57
Q

where the basilar, vertebral, and internal carotid arteries intermix the blood supply

A

circle of willis

58
Q

what does the circle of willis reduce

A

risk of life threatening strokes

59
Q

what is the BBB composed of

A

tightly packed capillaries and astrocytes feet

60
Q

limits the passage of substances between blood and brain (some blood can carry chemicals and pathogens)
- large molecules can not get through, some things need transporters to cross

A

Blood brain barrier

61
Q

the brain and spinal cord are surrounded by three protective membranes known as the

A

meninges

62
Q

tough outermost sheet

A

dura mater

63
Q

delicate innermost layer

A

pia mater

64
Q

substance between the dura mater and pia mater that cushions the brain in the CSF

A

arachnoid

65
Q

caused by rupture or blockage of blood vessels, leading to insufficient blood supply

A

stroke

66
Q

clots or other debris prevent blood from reaching a region of the brain, causing tissue to die

A

ischemic stroke

67
Q

rupture in an artery allows blood to leak into the brain

- brain bleed, can not get rid of the blood flowing in

A

hemorrhagic stroke

68
Q

the vomit center

A

area postrema

69
Q

area of the brain that has chemoreceptors to detect toxins that get into blood stream
- if chemical binds that is toxic, it tells the brain it has to get rid of it quickly

A

area postrema

70
Q

series of chambers filled with CSF

A

the ventricular system

71
Q

direction of flow in ventricular system

A

lateral ventricles (bilateral) - 3rd ventricle (midline) - 4th ventricle (near pons and cerebellum) - exit to outside brain and spinal cord

72
Q

2 main functions of the CSF

A
  1. shock absorber

2. exchange medium between blood and brain

73
Q

newly discovered lymphatic system in the brain

A

glymphatic system

74
Q

provides flow of CSF through the interior of the brain that helps to clear cellular debris, proteins, other wastes
- like garbage day

A

glymphatic system

Neuroscience I (32 decks)

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