Exam 4: Language and Lateralization Part 2

Question 1

the brain relys on what two language systems while reading? people with dyslexia lack connection between these

Answer 1

• sound of letters (phenomes)

- meanings of whole word (semantics)

Question 2

dyslexia associated with problems in what hemisphere?

Answer 2

left

Question 3

what is different about dyslexic brain regions?

Answer 3

• less activity in Wernicke’s area and angular gyrus compared to fluent readers
• changes in physical structure of temporo-parietal axons

Question 4

What compensates for dyslexic brain activity?

Answer 4

left anterior language areas Broca’s area and right hemisphere

Question 5

brains of dyslexics show unusual arrangements of ___

Answer 5

cortical cells

- micropolygyria and ectopias

Question 6

small regions of excessive number of gyri

- lots of folding

Answer 6

micropolygyria

Question 7

clusters of cells in unusual places

- where they should not be

Answer 7

ectopia

- problem: interfere with normal function

Question 8

speech production is associated with activation of __ and ___ in motor cortex

Answer 8

face and hand areas

Question 9

what activates specific regions involved with speech production (brocas)

Answer 9

speech perception

Question 10

where are nouns processed?

Answer 10

left anterior temporal lobe

Question 11

where are verbs processed?

Answer 11

left premotor cortex

Question 12

more subtle, figurative aspects of language involve what hemisphere?

Answer 12

right hemisphere

Question 13

region activated by metaphors and moral stories

Answer 13

right superior temporal cortex

Question 14

what is global aphasia caused by

Answer 14

widespread strokes

Question 15

total or near total loss of ability to understand language, speak, read, or write it

Answer 15

global aphasia

Question 16

How to get global aphasia

Answer 16

lage left hemispheric lesions affecting all language zones

- Brocas, Wernickes, arcuate fasiculus, insula

Question 17

symptoms of global aphasia

Answer 17

- similar to combining Brocas, wernickes, and conduction aphasia 
loss of 
- language comprehension 
- speech production
- repitition
low prognosis for language recovery

Question 18

what is transcortical sensory aphasia produced by

Answer 18

damage that extends beyond Wernicke’s area

posterior language area

Question 19

posterior language area

Answer 19

transfers memoroies to where they need to be stored

- auditory representation of words and meanings of words

Question 20

damage to what region alone produces transcortical sensory aphasia

Answer 20

posterior language area

Question 21

difference between TSA and Wernicke’s

Answer 21

• people with TSA can repeat what they hear

- can perceive words, but cannot comprehend meaning of what they hear and repeat

Question 22

wernickes aphasia

Answer 22

cannot repeat bc they cannot perceive speech