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Neuroscience I > Exam 4: Learning and Memory Pt. 1 > Flashcards

Exam 4: Learning and Memory Pt. 1 Flashcards

1
Q

span of time information will be retained by the brain ___

A

varies

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2
Q

3 parts of memory process

A

sensory buffers, short term memory, long term memory

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3
Q

sensory information enters brain (encoded) and transferred to short term memory
- short, fleeting impressions

A

sensory buffer

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4
Q

information is actively held in mind/manipulated prior to consolidation into long term storage
30s-1min

A

short term memory

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5
Q

stored information can be retrieved for future use

A

long term memory

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6
Q

memory formation requires what 3 things

A

encoding, consolidation, retrieval

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7
Q

encoding

A

of raw information from sensory buffers into STM

- brought to active awareness

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8
Q

consolidation

A

STM to LTM transferring it

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9
Q

Retrieval

A

getting stored info from LTM

- info enters STM where it can be manipulated before reconsolidation

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10
Q

at which step in the memory process can you lose information

A

any step

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11
Q

sensory buffers are very brief memory that allows people to retain ____ of sensory info after the ______

A

impression

original stimulus has subsided

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12
Q

iconic
haptic
echoic

A

iconic - visual
haptic- touch
echoic-auditory

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13
Q

information not attended to is ___

A

lost

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14
Q

how much information can STM hold

A

7 plus or minus 2 items

for a few seconds to a minute

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15
Q

phonological loop in STM

A

inner voice

- repeat series of words/numbers

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16
Q

visuo-spatial sketchpad in STM

A

inner eye

- visual imagery, sequence of shapes

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17
Q

episodic buffer in STM

A

integrates sensory info into movie clips

- replay scenario in brain

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18
Q

frontoparietal network - STM

A
  • posterior parietal cortex

- executive control: attention and integration of info

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19
Q

anterior cingulate cortex - STM

A
  • attention controller
  • evaluates need for adjustment based on task demands
  • conflict detector
  • hw much energy do you need to learn a particular thing
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20
Q

LTM lasts for _____ and has ____ capacity

A

minutes to years

very large

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21
Q

declarative memory

A

facts - semantic

events- episodic

22
Q

what part of the brain is imperative for declarative memory

A

medial temporal lobe
- info flows through temporal lobe
needs to be in sensory buffer before STM before LTM

23
Q

medial temporal lobe neuroanatomy

A

hippocampal formation (HCF)

  • hippocampus
  • parahippocampal gyrus
  • perirhinal cortex
  • entorhinal cortex
24
Q

hippocampus

A

transfers STM to LTM - consolidation

- actual traces of memories NOT stored here

25
Q

parahipocampal gyrus

A

major input and output of HCF

- context

26
Q

perirhinal cortex

A

familiarity

- have I seen this before

27
Q

entorhinal cortex

A

spatial location

  • have i been here before
  • where did i put my keys
28
Q

object recognition and spatial memory are relayed to the hippocampus through ___ and _____

A

entorhinal cortex and perirhinal cortex

29
Q

mental representation of a spatial relationship

A

cognitive map

30
Q

place cells

A

selectively fire when organism is in a particular location

- a neuron will respond to a certain part of the maze for mouse

31
Q

london taxi-cab drivers hippocampus activated when describing a route
what is this hippocampus size correlated with

A

amount of months on the job - bigger in a veteran than a newbie

32
Q

2 types of cells in entorhinal cortexx

A

border cells and grid cells

33
Q

border cells

A

neurons that selectively fire when reaching perimeter

34
Q

grid cells

A

neurons that specifically fire when passing intersections

35
Q

thalamus and mamillary bodies are important for ____

A

memory formation

36
Q 
thiamine deficiency (B1) destroys mamillary bodies and produces profound anterograde amnesia 
- confabulation
A

Korsakoff’s syndrome

37
Q

confabulation

A

filling gaps in memory with false info

38
Q

engram

A

memory trace

- location of memory in the brain (pattern of neural activity)

39
Q

consolidation of memory involves ___ and ___

A

hippocampus and medial temporal lobe

40
Q

LTM storage occurs in ____

A

cerebral cortex

41
Q

after consolidation what does memory retrieval no longer require?

A

medial temporal lobe activity

42
Q

temporal lobe is for _____ not ____

A

memory consolidation not memory storage

43
Q

clive wearing

A

had bilateral hippocampal damage due to herpes viral infection in brain

  • cannot create new memories due to consolidation defecit (anterograde amnesia)
  • nondeclarative memory intact
44
Q

nondeclarative memory

A

skills and learning without conscious awareness

45
Q

nondeclarative: skill learning and memory

A

memories for performing skills/habits

- acquired through practice, repetition over time

46
Q

priming

A

past experience influences subsequent responses to same stimuli

47
Q

nondeclarative: associative learning

A

relationships between stimuli

48
Q

classical conditioning

A
  • initially neutral stimulus comes to predict reward
    ex: hearing bell he gives dwight an altoid - eventually when the bell goes off and he doesnt offer him an altoid dwight puts his hand out as if he should be getting one - he was conditioned to the stimulus
49
Q

operant conditioning

A
  • consequences of behavior due to learned associations
  • if behavior gets reward you are more likely to do it again
  • if you study for a test and get an F less likely to study again
50
Q

what brain region associated with procedural learning and memory

A

striatum automates sequences of behaviors

51
Q

where does priming occur in brain?

A

depends on network in cerebral cortex

  • perceptual (visual) priming reduces activity in occipitotemporal cortex
  • conceptual primary (word meaning) depends on frontal cortex
52
Q

where is associative learning in brain?

A

classical and operant conditioning in

- amygdala and cerebellum

Neuroscience I (32 decks)

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