Psychology Vocabulary Flashcards
1
Q
A formal act or observance that may or may not have symbolic content.
A
Ceremony
2
Q
From the Latin “to know;” the study of the origins and consequences of thoughts, memories, beliefs, perceptions, explanations, and other mental processes.
A
Cognitive Psychology
3
Q
Related to specific situations in life that may create crises and produce human pain and suffering. This type of counseling adds another dimension to the giving of information in that it deals with significant feelings that are produced by life crises.
A
Situational Counseling
4
Q
Grief extending over a long period of time without resolution.
A
Complicated Grief(Unresolved Grief, Chronic Grief)
5
Q
Fear or anxiety caused by the sudden realization of danger created by the impact of the shock.
A
Alarm
6
Q
The process of correctly pronouncing all the necessary parts of a word.
A
Articulation
7
Q
Occurs when persons experience symptoms and behaviors which cause them difficulty but they do not see or recognize the fact that these are related to the loss.
A
Masked Grief (Worden)
8
Q
A state of moral development in which the individual considers universal moral principals which supersede the authority of the group.
A
Post-Conventional Stage (Kohlberg)
9
Q
A medical doctor with a specialty in the diagnosis and treatment of mental disorders.
A
Psychiatrist
10
Q
A brief review of points covered in a portion of the counseling session.
A
Summary
11
Q
A process occurring with losses aimed at loosening the attachment to that which has been lost for appropriate reinvestment.
A
Griefwork (Lindemann)
12
Q
Attribution of one’s unacceptable thoughts, feelings, or behaviors to someone else.
A
Projection
13
Q
The state of being prevented from attaining a purpose; thwarted; the blocking of the satisfaction of a perceived need by some kind of obstacle.
A
Frustration
14
Q
Providing a choice of services and merchandise available as families make a selection and complete funeral arrangements, formulating different actions in adjusting to a crisis.
A
Alternatives
15
Q
To hold certain information i trust and not disclose without proper authorization or authority.
A
Confidentiality
16
Q
A pleasant term substituted for a more direct, less pleasant term.
A
Euphemism
17
Q
Incorrect assumptions that lead us to believe that we have heard the message before or that the message is too simple or too complex to understand.
A
Faulty Assumption
18
Q
The reaction of the body to an event often experienced emotionally as a sudden, violent and upsetting disturbance.
A
Shock
19
Q
A death has occurred and the funeral director is counseling with the family as they select the services and items of merchandise in completing arrangements for the funeral service of their choice.
A
At-Need Counseling
20
Q
A declaration or public statement of professional standards of right and wrong conduct.
A
Code of Ethics
21
Q
The assumption of blame directed toward one’s self by others.
A
Shame
22
Q
Thoughts of ending one’s life/
A
Suicidal Ideation
23
Q
A prediction or expectation of an event that makes the outcome more likely to occur than would otherwise.
A
Self-Fulfilling Prophecy
24
Q
Treating members of various social groups differently in circumstances where their rights or treatment should be identical.
A
Discrimination
25
Communication in which the two parties involved consider one another as individuals.
Interpersonal Communication
26
According to Simos, a compelling need by which the individual attempts to restore inner psychological equilibrium, uniting past, present and future in the cycle from loss and the fear of loss to this.
Restitution
27
Excessive in duration and never comes to a satisfactory conclusion.
Chronic Grief
28
The believability of a speaker or other source of information.
Credibility
29
Any act that is charged with symbolic content.
Ritual
30
Centering a client's thinking and feelings on the situation causing a problem and assisting the person in choosing the behavior or adjustment to solve the problem.
Focusing
31
Blame directed toward another person.
Anger
32
Feelings such as happiness, anger or grief, created by brain patterns accompanied by bodily changes.
Emotions
33
Support or support system provided to the counselee who is seeking an alternative adjustment to problems.
Guidance
34
An act or practice of allowing the death of persons suffering from a life-limiting condition.
Euthanasia (Right to Die)
35
A speech that is read word-for-word from a prepared text.
Manuscript Speech
36
Helping people facilitate uncomplicated grief to a healthy completion of the tasks of grieving within a reasonable time frame.
Grief Counseling
37
A therapeutic experience for reasonably healthy persons. Do not confuse this with psychotherapy which is a treatment for emotionally disturbed persons, who seek, or are referred for assistance with pathological problems. A counselor's clients are encouraged to see assistance before they develop serious neurotic, psychotic, or characterological disorders.
Counseling (Ohlsen)
38
According to client-centered counseling, the necessary quality of a counselor being in touch with reality and with other's perception of one-self.
Congruence
39
A stage of moral development in which moral reasoning is based on reward and punishment from those in authority.
Pre-Conventional Stage (Kohlberg)
40
A speech that is learned and delivered by rote without a written text.
Memorized Speech
41
A state of tension, typically characterized by rapid heartbeat, shortness of breath and other similar ramifications of arousal of the autonomic nervous system; an emotion characterized by a vague fear or premonition that something undesirable is going to happen.
Anxiety
42
Agreement between group members about a decision.
Consensus
43
Excessive written or verbal information.
Message Overload
44
Negative attitude towards others based on their gender, religion, race or membership in a particular group.
Prejudice
45
That counseling which occurs before a death.
Pre-Need Counseling
46
Expressing a thought or idea in an alternate and sometimes shortened form.
Paraphrasing
47
The study of human behavior and mental processes in humans and/or animals.
Psychology
48
A force that interferes with the process of communication.
Noise
49
Listening in which the goal is to help the speaker solve a problem.
Empathetic Listening
50
An emotion or set of emotions due to a loss.
Grief
51
According to Carl Rogers, accepting the client or counselee as he or she is, and for what he or she is without imposing judgments or stipulations.
Positive Regard
52
The study of death.
Thanatology
53
A statement or action designed or perceived to create anxiety in an individual's life.
Threat
54
Those appropriate and helpful acts of counseling that come after the funeral.
Post-Funeral Counseling (Aftercare)
55
Listening in which the goal is to judge the quality or accuracy of speaker's remarks.
Evaluative Listening
56
A deliberate act of self-destruction.
Suicide
57
The region of the mind that is beyond awareness especially impulses and desires not directly known to a person.
Unconscious
58
Complete sentence describing the central idea of a speech, usually found in the first paragraph.
Thematic (Thesis Statement)
59
A statement or action which creates anxiety in an individual's life.
Threat
60
Giving the appearance of listening.
Pseudolistening
61
The experience of the emotion of grief.
Bereavement
62
The speed at which a speaker utters words.
Rate
63
The relatively stable set of perceptions each individual holds of himself or herself.
Self-Concept
64
Anytime someone helps someone else with a problem.
Counseling (Jackson)
65
An adjustment process which involves grief or sorrow over a period of time and helps in the reorganization of the life an an individual following a loss or death of someone loved.
Mourning
66
Counselor takes a live speaking role, asking questions, suggesting courses of action, etc.
Directive Counseling
67
The emotional associations of a term.
Connotation
68
The state of estrangement an individual feels in social settings that are viewed as foreign, unpredictable or unacceptable.
Alienation
69
The right of finality in a funeral service preceding cremation, earth burial, entombment or burial at sea.
Committal Service
70
Rules that govern society.
Law
71
Those appropriate and helpful acts of counseling that comes after the funeral.
Aftercare (Post-Funeral Counseling)
72
The ability to communicate the belief that everyone possesses the capacity and right to choose alternatives and make decisions.
Respect (Wolfelt)
73
Life events and minor hassles that exert pressure or strain.
Stress
74
Detailed examples of adjustments, choices or alternatives available to the client or counselee, from which a course of action may be selected.
Illustrating
75
Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome
AIDS
76
The medium through which a message passes from sender to receiver.
Channel
77
A learned tendency to respond to people, objects, or institutions in a positive or negative way.
Attitude
78
Not listening because he/she is only interested in what he/she has to say.
Stage Hogging
79
An unconscious, irrational means used by the ego to defend against anxiety.
Ego Defense Mechanisms
80
A strong emotion characterized by sudden and extreme fear.
Panic
81
Blame directed toward one's self based on real or unreal conditions.
Guilt
82
An organized, flexible, purposeful, group centered, time-limited response to death which reflects reverence, dignity and respect.
Funeral Rite
83
The study of how people and animals use space.
Proxemics
84
A relation of harmony, conformity, accord or affinity established in any human interaction.
Rapport
85
A deliberate attempt to change attitudes of belief with information and arguments.
Persuasion
86
Advice, especially that given as a result of consultation. Helping someone else with a problem.
Counseling (Webster)
87
A speech planned in advance but presented in a direct, conversational manner.
Extemporaneous Speech
88
That branch of philosophy dealing with values relating to human conduct, with respect to the rightness and wrongness of certain actions and to the goodness and badness of the motives and ends of such actions.
Ethics (Webster)
89
The sudden and unexpected death of an apparently healthy infant, which remains unexplained after a complete autopsy and a review of the circumstances around the death.
Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS, Crib Death)
90
Taking innocent comments as personal attacks.
Defensive Listening
91
The feels and their expression.
Affect
92
A set of symptoms associated with loss.
Grief Syndrome (Lindemann)
93
A speaker's words and actions.
Message
94
Characteristic ways of responding to stress.
Coping
95
The experience of grief, especially in young bereaved parents, where mourning customs are unclear due to an inappropriate death and the absence of prior bereavement experience; typical in a society that has attempted to minimize the impact of death through medical control of disease and social control of those who deal with the dying and the dead.
Anomic Grief
96
An unsuccessful attempt made by the person to end his or her own life.
Suicidal Gesture
97
An unconscious, irrational means used by the ego to defend against anxiety.
Defense Mechanisms
98
A document which governs the withholding or withdrawal of life-sustaining treatment from an individual in the event of an incurable or irreversible condition that will cause death within a relatively short time, and which such person is no longer able to make decisions regarding his/her medical treatment.
Living Will
99
Choice of actions provided through counseling as a means of solving the counselee's problem.
Option
100
A phenomenon that occurs when an individual's performance improves because of the presence of others.
Social Facilitation
101
The quality in one's voice.
Tone
102
Historically, an inn for travelers, especially one kept by a religious order; also used to indicate a concept designed to treat patients with life-limiting conditions.
Hospice
103
Communicating with oneself.
Intrapersonal Communication
104
A defense mechanism used in grief to return to a more familiar and often more primitive modes of coping.
Regression
105
Decodes the message.
Receiver
106
The character of an individual viewed as a member of society; behavior in terms of the duties, obligations and functions of a citizen.
Citizenship
107
The intense physical and emotional expression of grief occurring as the awareness increases of a loss of someone or something significant.
Acute Grief
108
One person speaking with limited verbal feedback.
Public Communication
109
Spoken, oral communication.
Verbal Communication
110
A belief in a god or gods.
Theistic (Theism)
111
The individual's ability to adjust to the psychological and emotional changes brought on by a stressful event such as the death of a significant other.
Adaptation
112
The objective, emotion-free meaning of a term.
Denotation
113
The process of deliberately revealing information about oneself that is significant and that would not normally be known by others.
Self-Disclosure
114
That branch of philosophy dealing with values relating to human conduct as it applies to business transactions.
Business Ethics
115
The set of values, ideas and opinions of an individual or group.
Philosophy
116
The study of human behavior as related to funeral service.
Funeral Service Psychology
117
A defense mechanism in which anger is redirected toward a person or object other than the one who caused the anger originally.
Displaced Aggression
118
To assist understanding of the circumstances or situations the individual is experiencing, and to assist that person in the selection of an alternative adjustment if necessary.
Facilitate
119
Taking a speaker's remarks at face value.
Insensitive Listening
120
A general term for the exchange of information, feelings, thoughts and acts between two or more people, including both verbal and non-verbal aspects of this interchange.
Communication
121
Physical location and personal history surrounding the communication.
Environment
122
Words that gain their meaning through comparison.
Relative Terms
123
Deals with the meanings of words.
Semantics
124
A rule of ethical conduct found in some form in most religions usually phrased, "Do unto others as you would have them do unto you."
Golden Rule
125
Supplying a logical, rational, socially acceptable reason rather than the real reason for an action.
Rationalization
126
Fidelity to moral principals.
Integrity
127
Synonymous with ethical. Refers to the customs, values, and standards of practice of a group, age, or theory intended to be timeless.
Moral
128
The individual seeking assistance or guidance.
Counselee
129
The study of body movement, gestures, and posture.
Kinesics
130
The defense mechanism by which a person is unable or refuses to see things as they are because such facts are threatening to the self.
Denial
131
That which is expressed by posture, facial expression, actions, physical behavior; that which is communicated by any means except verbal.
Non-Verbal Communication
132
Making judgments about ourselves through comparison with others.
Social Comparison
133
The outward expression or display of mood or feeling states.
Emotion (Emotional Expression)
134
Beliefs that are held in high esteem.
Values
135
Specialized techniques which are used to help people with complicated grief reactions.
Grief Therapy (Worden)
136
The process that initiates, directs, and sustains behavior satisfying physiological or psychological needs.
Motivation
137
A relatively stable system of determining tendencies within an individual.
Personality
138
Persons are usually conscious of the relationship of the reaction to the death, but the reaction to the current experience is excessive and disabling.
Exaggerated Grief (Worden)
139
Consists of abstract patterns (the rules, ideas, beliefs shared by members of society) of and for living and dying, which are learned directly or indirectly.
Culture
140
A stage of moral development in which the individual is characterized as not understanding the rules or feeling a sense of obligation to them. Looking to experience only that which is good or pleasant or the avoid that which is painful.
Pre-Moral Stage (Kohlberg)
141
A dis-confirming response with more than one meaning, leaving the other party unsure of the respondent's position.
Ambiguous Response
142
The ability to present one's self sincerely.
Genuineness (Wolfelt)
143
A highly emotional temporary state in which an individual's feelings of anxiety, grief, confusion or pain impair his or her ability to act.
Crisis
144
Encodes and delivers the message.
Sender
145
It is the tendency in human beings to make strong affectional bonds with others coming from the need for security and safety.
Attachment Theory (Bowlby)
146
Guilt felt by the survivors.
Survivor Guilt
147
Any event, person or object that lessens the degree of pain in grief.
Mitigation
148
Two units regarded as a pair; for example, husband and wife.
Dyad
149
Sincere feelings for the person who is trying to adjust to a serious loss.
Sympathy
150
A stage of moral development in which the expectations of the social group (family, community, and nation) are supported and maintained.
Conventional Stage (Kohlberg)
151
A philosophy that does not focus on the worship of a god or gods.
Non-Theistic
152
Inhibited, suppressed or postponed response to a loss.
Delayed Grief Reaction (Worden)
153
To be clear and brief.
Concise
154
The ability to enter into and share the feelings of others.
Empathy (Wolfelt)
155
Redirection of emotion to other targets.
Displacement
156
The degree or regard a person holds for oneself.
Self-Esteem
157
The intentional infliction of physical or psychological harm on another.
Aggression
158
The emotional tone of a relationship as it is expressed in the messages that the partners send and receive.
Climate
159
A learned emotional response to death-related phenomenon which is characterized by extreme apprehension.
Death Anxiety
160
The art or science of establishing and promoting a favorable relationship with the public.
Public Relations
161
A culturally entrenched pattern of behavior made up of: (1) Sacred beliefs, (2) emotional feelings accompanying the beliefs, and (3) overt conduct presumably implementing the beliefs and feelings.
Religion
162
Good communication within and between men; or good (free) communication within or between men is always therapeutic.
Counseling (Rogers)
163
The individual providing assistance and guidance.
Counselor
164
Listening to understand another person or idea.
Informational Listening
165
The ability to be considerate and friendly as demonstrated by both verbal and non-verbal behaviors.
Warmth and Caring (Wolfelt)
166
The arrangement of words in a sentence.
Syntax
167
Strong emotion marked by such reactions as alarm, dread and disquieting.
Fear
168
The cultural heritage or identity of a group, based on factors such as language or country of origin.
Ethnicity
169
Preoccupied and intense thoughts about the deceased.
Searching
170
An irrational, exaggerated fear of death.
Thanatophobia
171
The speech memorized or delivered word for word from a manuscript.
Formal
172
Giving undivided attention by means of verbal and non-verbal behavior.
Attending (Listening)
173
A phrase coined by Carl Rogers to refer to that type of counseling where one comes actively and voluntarily to gain help on a problem, but without any notion of surrendering his own responsibility for the situation; a non-directive method of counseling which stresses the inherent worth of the client and the natural capacity for growth and health.
Client-Centered Counseling (Non-Directive, Rogerian, Person-Centered)
174
Moral principles that vary with circumstances.
Situational Ethics
175
Intervention with people whose needs are so specific that usually they can only be met by specially trained physicians or psychologists. The practitioners in this field need special training because they often work with deeper levels of consciousness.
Psychotherapy (Jackson)
176
An adaptive maneuver characterized by an inability or unwillingness to act with the aim of asserting or sustaining individual control, autonomy or self-esteem.
Resistance
177
The highness or lowness of one's voice.
Pitch
178
A conscious postponement of addressing anxieties and concerns.
Suppression
179
Adjustment, motivational in nature, to be achieved.
Goals
180
Words that have more than one dictionary meaning.
Equivocal Terms
181
Social attraction to another person.
Interpersonal Attraction
182
The loudness of one's voice.
Volume
183
The discernible response of the receiver.
Feedback
184
Redirection of emotion to culturally or socially useful purposes.
Sublimation
185
Interventions for a highly emotional, temporary state in which individuals, overcome by feelings of anxiety, grief, confusion or pain are unable to act in a realistic, normal manner. Intentional responses which help individuals in a crisis situation.
Crisis Counseling
186
Blocking of threatening material from consciousness.
Repression
187
Having a sense of honor, upright and fair dealing.
Honesty
188
A speech given "off the top of one's head" without preparation.
Impromptu Speech
189
An expressed struggle between at least two interdependent parties who perceive incompatible goals, scarce rewards, and interference from the other party in achieving their goals.
Conflict
190
Any event capable of producing physical or emotional stress.
Stressor
191
The killing of one human being by another.
Homicide
192
Counseling in which a counselor shares a body of special information with a counselee.
Informational Counseling
193
Something, as a reason or desire, action as a spur to action.
Motives
194
Syndrome characterized by the presence of grief in anticipation of death of loss; the actual death comes as a confirmation of knowledge of a life-limiting condition.
Anticipatory Grief
