Klicker Chapter 10 - Caskets and Vaults Flashcards
Casket and coffin
Casket is a receptacle for remains that protects and gives a suitable memory picture. Coffin is anthropoidal in shape. Forerunner for the casket. Prominently used in the 17th century.
Fesk metallic coffins started the metal casket industry in?
1848
Wood dominated the casket construction industry until?
1800s
Casket companies started in…
Batesville: 1884
Aurora: 1890
Boyertown: 1917
By 1950s, there were over 700 casket manufacturers in the US.
Consolidation resulted in 175 manufacturers in the US in 2007
Wood caskets Less protection than metal.
Hardwood: from trees that loose their leaves Annually. More expensive. (Deciduous)
Softwood: cone bearing trees. Lighter and easier to cut. (Coniferous)
Birch
Smooth thin layered bark, closed grain, heavy white wood. Often seen in kitchen cabinetry.
Cherry
White close grained. Often stained red. High gloss
Mahogany
Premier hardwood.
Expensive, imported from Central America and Africa.
Reddish brown.
Maple
Light, accepts any stain.
In furniture and 🎳 lanes
Oak
Strong and durable, red and white oak comprise about 1/3 of all hardwood caskets sold in US.
Walnut
Expensive, brown, decreasing in popularity because it’s so costly.
2% of hardwood casket sales
Pine
Abundant, noted for its twig-knots, inexpensive.
Poplar
From populus genus of trees.
From eastern and central US.
Grows fast.
Soft white.
Will adapt any stain.
Selected Hardwood- SALIX
Whole casket constructed out of many types of wood.
- laminates
- wood veneer
- artificial veneer
- wood by
- products
- composition board
- plywood
Metal caskets
Most popular.
Steel carries highest % of sales.
Component parts are made of sheet metal.
Heavy machinery required to create the smooth look and rigidity.
Ferrous metal
Formed from iron (Fe)-Steel:
iron + carbon.
Soft and malleable
Gauge: measurement of thickness. # of sheets required to create 1 inch of thickness. -The smaller the number, the thicker the sheet.
- Stainless steel: steel, chromium, and nickel.
- Resists rust.
- Companies usually use 400 and 300 series.
300 being the better choice.
Galvanized
Steel that has been coated with zinc for increased resistance to rust.
Non-ferrous metal
Any metal not formed from iron.
Copper: reddish brown, easily molded. No Fe, no rust. Virtually indestructible.
Copper deposit: made from core of copper metal. Forms a seamless unit.
Wrought copper: rolled into sheets
Bronze: 90% copper with tin. Sometimes zinc. Strongest. Measured by ounces per square foot. Usually 32 or 48 oz.
Wrought bronze: rolled into sheets
Cast bronze: molten and poured into mold.
Other materials
Plastic and fiberglass: are easy to make, limited to lower end caskets.
Fiberglass are more common and can be finished in any color.
Usually intended to resemble other materials such as marble.
Resists deterioration.
Polymer: similar to plastic.
Production methods
Cast: molten metal poured into seamless unit
Stamped: sheets are pressed by hydraulic pump in designed forms. Parts are welded together.
Component parts Shell
Parts that compose the cap and body of casket
Component partsCap
Top most part of casket shell, includes ogee, crown, pie, and header.
Component partsRim (Ogee)
“S” shaped molding part of the cap.
Component partsCrown
Uppermost part of the cap. Extending from rim to rim. Everything above the rim.
Component partsPie (fishtail)
Wedge shaped portion of the cap (lid) at each end of the crown.
Component partsRim Flange (Ogee Flange)
Turned under edge of the rim that comes into contact with gasket
Component partsGasket channel
Found on cut top of gasketed caskets. Integral part of foot panel header.
Component parts Body
Part of shell containing top body molding, body panel, base molding, and casket bottom
Component partsTop body molding(Body ledge)
Molding Along uppermost edge of body panels
Component partsTop body molding flange(Body ledge flange)
Horizontal portion of top body molding where the gasket is placed.
Component partsBody panels
compose the sides and ends of the casket shell
Component partsBase molding
Molding along the lower most edge of the body panels
Component parts Hardware
Handles, ornamental fixtures, their fittings
Types of handles
Swing bar:
- moveable handle with hinged arm.
- Can be full length, individual or single.
Stationary bar:
- non moveable.
Bail handle:
- lug, arm, and bar combined in one unit.
Component parts of handle
Lug
- Attached to body
Arm
- attaches bar to lug
Bar
- grasped by bearer
Tip
- decorative part covering exposed end of the bar
Corner
- optional part of hardware attached to four corners of panel.
Casket interior Cap panel
Focal part of interior. Fills inside of crown
Casket interior Head panel Foot panel
Head portion of cap. No distinction between head and foot panel in full couch caskets. Foot portion of the cap.
Casket interior Inner panels
Functional or ornamental covering usually covers foot end in full couch, may be located at head and foot panel
Casket interior Single hinged panel
Cap Is in two pieces. Rim and foot panel is one piece which is hinged to top body molding. Head panel is hinged to the rim.
Casket interior Roll (cove) (puffing)
Lines the rim and surrounds cap panel
Casket interior Gimp (fold)
Strip of metal, plastic, or cloth attached to inside of panel covering where the roll is anchored.
Casket interior Throw (overlay) (overthrow)
Aesthetic covering for foot cap or inner foot panel of casket.
Casket interior Apron (overlay skirt)
Lining attached to undersurface of foot panel or a component part of the throw which extends downward to body of casket.
Casket interior Extendover
Extends over top body molding
Casket interior Bed
Where remains are placed. Adjustable or stationary.
Casket interior Mattress cover
Interior cloth covering mattress
Casket interior Body lining
Drapes inside perimeter of body of casket
Casket interior Hinge cover (skirt)
Covers hinges that attach cap to body. Extends from the roll and becomes part of body lining.
Casket interior Blanket
Used in full couch to cover legs and feet.
Crushed interior
Lining placed on metal form with weight Added + steam.
Shirred interior
Material is drawn in parallel fashion then sewed.
Tufted interior
Small raised puffs. Carriage and biscuit are most common types.
Tailored interior
Tightly drawn
Semi tailored interior
Combo of tailored and another style of interior
Specialty head panel
Unique design in head panel
Combination interior
More than one style used in the interior
Lining materials
Crepe: thin crinkled cloth of silk, rayon, cotton, or wool
Satin: smooth lustrous face and dull back. Silk, nylon, rayon.
Velvet: silk, cotton, rayon. Thick soft pile or nap.
Linen: flax, strength coolness luster
Linen weave: made to look like linen
Twill weave: diagonal lines
Backing materials
Fiberboard Masselin- pressed paper Plastic
Padding materials
- Cotton Polyethylene foam
- Shredded paper
- Spun polyester
- Excelsior (wood wool)
Wood exteriors
- Unfinished- no stain or varnish
- Natural- protective coating
- Stained
- Unstained
Wood finishes
- Polished (gloss)
- Semi gloss: low luster
- Flat finish: matte finish
- Satin: less luster than semi gloss
- Painted Laminates: superimposed layers
- Cloth covered: broadcloth, doeskin, plush
Metal exteriors
- Brushed- painted then scratched, finished with sealer then buff until smooth high gloss.
- Plated- base metal covered by another by electrolytic process”Deposit”
- Sprayed- paint sprayed on
Metal finishes
- Gloss- high shine
- Crinkled- wrinkles as it dries
- Hammer tone- small indentations
- Flat- no shine
Shell designs
- Elliptic- ends shaped like half circle
- Octagon- 8 angles/corners
- Round corner
- Square corner- 90 degree angle
Side designs
- Flaring square- sides and ends flare out from bottom to the top.
- Vertical side square (state casket)- body sides at 90 degree angle to the bottom
- Urnside- body panel shape of an urn
Gasketed
- flat rubber along top body molding flange and between the lids.
- End lock
- Side or front lock
- Lever lock
Non-gasketed
- Latch closure- simple latch
- Threaded fasteners- screw type
- Chemical compounds- epoxy and cements.
- Butyl tape.
- Hermetically sealed- airtight.
- Fusion or soldering.
Average wood interior measurements
75 x 22 Height- 16-22
Average metal interior measurements
78 x 23 Height- 16-24
Outside dimension of all caskets
84 x 29
Over sized caskets
- Increases by 2 inches in width and 3 inches in length.
- Each step increased represented by an X.
- Need oversized vault.
- May need oversized grave.
Infant caskets
- Increase in size by six inches in length and nine inches in height.
- can go to 5 feet in length.
Outer burial container
Designed for placement in the grave around the casket
Burial vaults
- offers protection from earth load and seals.
- Supports load of the earth and limits intrusion of outside elements.
OBC materials
Concrete with or without steel reinforcement
Metal- steel, copper
Methods of closure
- Air seal- utilizes air pressure
- Top seal- epoxy compound with tongue in groove.
- Double seal- air seal+ epoxy
Standard burial vault dimensions
30 x 86
Grave liner
- Outer enclosure offering protection for earth load without sealing.
- Concrete
- Wood Polymers and fiberglass
- Grave box
- Sectional
- Urn vault
Transfer container
Made for protection of casketed remains during transportation
Air tray
Wooden tray with cardboard covering for the casket
Ziegler case
- Gasket sealed.
- Can be inserted into casket or separate shipping container.
Wood box
Transfer container made out of wood
Combination case
Transfer container consisting of particle board box with cardboard tray for air shipping
Alternative container
Non-metal, no ornamental or fixed interior lining.
Unfinished wood box
No interior lining
Combination unit
- Units used together for both casket and permanent burial receptacle.
Sundry items
- Register book
- prayer cards
- religious or military symbols
- thank you cards
- clothing
- other cremation containers
- flowers
