Cremation Vocabulary Flashcards
Test conducted by federal state, or local regulatory agencies to measure pollutants released into the atmosphere from a crematory, in amounts that exceed regulatory requirements.
Source Test
Hearth on which drying or combustion results from the action of hot combustion gases passing only over the top surface of the hearth.
Cold Hearth
All gases which leave the cremator by way of the flue, including gaseous products of combustion, water vapor, excess air and nitrogen.
Flue Gas (Products of Combustion)
Chamber within a cremator where unburned where unburned combustible materials from the primary chamber are conveyed to facilitate additional combustion.
Afterburner (Secondary Burner)
Chambers or gas passage placed between two chambers to carry the products of combustion in a downward direction.
Downpass
A system on some cremators that monitors the visibility (opacity) through flue gases as they enter the stack. This detects the presence of smoke (possible pollutants) and is designed to allow the operator to correct the operating conditions.
Pollution Control System (PCS)
A smaller gas burner used to light the main burner.
Pilot
United States Environmental Protections Agency
EPA
The degree to which a substance allows light to pass through.
Opacity
Chamber where unburned combustible material from the primary chamber is completely burned.
Afterchamber
Any air, controlled with respect to quantity and location, forced or induced, supplied to the cremation chamber for the purpose of promoting combustion of the combustible materials in the chamber.
Primary Air
A unit of pressure.
PSI (Pounds per Square Inch)
Chamber usually placed between the primary combustion chamber and the secondary combustion chamber where thorough mixing of the products of combustion is accomplished by turbulence created by increased velocities of gases, checkerwork and/or turns indirection of the gas flow.
Mixing Chamber
Hearth on which drying or combustion results from the action of hot combustion gases passing over both the top and bottom of the hearth.
Hot Hearth
A chemical reaction that results from mixing fuel and oxygen in the presence of an ignition source (heat, flame, spark, etc.) and releases light and heat.
Combustion
Combustion products such as smoke, soot, sulfur dioxide, etc.
Emissions
The heating process of reducing the body, wrapping and/or the container to their basic elements in the form of cremated remains through combustion.
Calcination
The pressure difference between the cremator or any component part and the atmosphere which causes a continuous flow of air and products of combustion through the gas passages of the cremator to the atmosphere.
Draft
Sensor that provides the presence of the flame.
Photo Cell
A vertical (stack) or horizontal (flute) passage for conducting products of combustion to the atmosphere.
Chimney
A device in the stack which responds to the detection of smoke by setting off an alarm and/or taking some type of corrective action.
Smoke Alarm
Chamber within a cremator where primary ignition and burning of the remains occurs.
Primary Combustion Chamber
The process of reducing the body to ash and bone fragments through flame, heat and vaporization.
Cremation
Any air, controlled with respect to quantity and location, supplied through ports in the walls, roof of the secondary combustion chamber, for the purpose of completing combustion of the combustible materials in the gasses from the cremation chamber or to reduce operating temperatures within the cremator.
Secondary Air
Any refractory construction intended to change the direction of flow or velocity of the products of combustion.
Baffle
Excess air injected along the sides of the primary combustion chamber to assist the combustion process and allow the primary chamber to cool following the cremation process. Generally used during the second half of the cremation.
Hearth Air
Sensor which detects or monitors proper ignition bases on the presence of ultraviolet rays from the flames.
Flame Scanner
A device for the introduction of a flame by delivering fuel and its combustion air at desired velocities and turbulence to establish and maintain proper ignition and combustion of the fuel. Types of these include: afterburner, primary, and secondary.
Burner
The amount of heat necessary to raise the temperature of one pound (1 lb) of water one (1) degree Fahrenheit at or near maximum density.
BTU (British Thermal Unit)
Dampers, linkages, etc., used to regulate air flow.
Draft Controls
The total mechanical unity for the cremation process. A type IV incinerator designed for cremating human and animal remains.
Cremator
All is supplied to the equipment for combustion, cooling, ventilation, etc. Can be primary or secondary.
Air
The pressure difference created by the action of a fan, blower or ejector, which is located between the incinerator and the stack, or at the stack exit.
Induced Draft
Special high temperature lining for the combustion chambers.
Refractory
Chamber where unburned combustible material from the primary chamber are completely burned.
Secondary Combustion Chamber
Any chamber designed to reduce the velocity of the products of combustion to promote the settling of fly ash from the gas stream.
Expansion Chamber (Settling Chamber)
Air introduced into the afterchamber for emission control, usually during the first half of the cremation.
Throat Air
Suspended ash particles, charred paper, dust, soot, or other partially incinerated matter, carried in the products of combustion.
Fly Ash (Particulate Matter, Particulates)
A solid surface upon which the human remains and container are placed for the cremation process.
Hearth
The pressure difference created by stack or chimney due to its height, and the temperature difference between the flue gasses and the atmosphere.
Natural Draft
Provides excess air for combustion, maintains a negative draft through the interior chambers, and cools exhaust gases before they exit the stack.
Blower
Small pieces of liquids or solids that include dust, fumes, smoke, mists or sprays, charred paper, soot or other partially incinerated matter.
Particulates (Particulate Matter)
The process of reducing the size of the cremated remains after cremation.
Pulverize
A horizontal passage for conducting products of combustion into the atmosphere.
Flue
To break into tiny bits, or into a fine liquid mist or spray.
Atomize
A vertical passage for conducting products of combustion to the atmosphere.
Stack
Chemical compounds (gaseous or particulate matter in combustion/flue gases) that present human health and environmental concerns.
Pollutants
The pressure difference created by the action of a fan, blower or ejector, which supplies the primary combustion air above the atmospheric pressure.
Forced Draft
The case/container in which the human body is delivered to the crematory and in which it is cremated. The container must conform to these guidelines: Be composed of a suitable material; be rigid enough for handling ease; assures protection of the health; provides proper covering for the remains; meets moral codes for respect and dignity.
Cremation Container
