Psychology Chapter 11: Social Structure and Demographics (4 Stars) Flashcards
_______ approaches provide frameworks for the interactions we observe within society.
Theoretical
_______ focuses on the function of each component of society and how those components fit together.
Functionalism
______ focuses on how power differentials are created and how these differentials contribute to the maintenance of social order.
Conflict theory
_______ is the study of the ways individuals interact through a shared understanding of words, gestures, and other symbols.
Symbolic interactionism
_______ explores the ways in which individuals and groups make decisions to agree upon a given social reality.
Social constructionism
_______ states that individuals will make decisions that maximize potential benefit and minimize potential harm;
Rational choice theory
expectancy theory applies rational choice theory within social groups.
______ explores the ways in which one gender can be subordinated, minimized, or devalued compared to the other.
Feminist theory
______ are well-established social structures that dictate certain patterns of behavior or relationships and are accepted as a fundamental part of culture. Common include the family, education, religion, government and the economy, and health and medicine.
Social institutions
______ refers to acting in the patient’s best interest.
Beneficence
_______ refers to avoiding treatments for which risk is larger than benefit.
Nonmaleficence
________ refers to respecting patients’ rights to make decisions about their own healthcare.
Respect for autonomy
______ refers to treating similar patients similarly and distributing healthcare resources fairly.
Justice
______ encompasses the lifestyle of a group of people and includes both material and symbolic elements.
Culture
_______ includes the physical items one associates with a given group, such as artwork, emblems, clothing, jewelry, foods, buildings, and tools.
Material culture
________ includes the ideas associated with a cultural group.
Symbolic culture
______ refers to the idea that material culture changes more quickly than symbolic culture.
Cultural lag
A cultural ______ is a social difference that impedes interaction.
barrier
_______ consists of spoken or written symbols combined into a system and governed by rules.
Language
A _____ is what a person deems important in life.
value
A _____ is something a person considers to be true.
belief
A _____is a formalized ceremonial behavior in which members of a group or community regularly engage. It is governed by specific rules, including appropriate behavior and a predetermined order of events.
ritual
_____ are societal rules that define the boundaries of acceptable behavior.
Norms
There is evidence that ____ flows from evolutionary principles, and that culture can also influence evolution.
culture
________refer to the statistics of populations and are the mathematical applications of sociology. One can analyze hundreds of variables; some of the most common are age, gender, race and ethnicity, sexual orientation, and immigration status.
Demographics
____ is prejudice or discrimination on the basis of a person’s age.
Ageism
______ is the set of behavioral, cultural, or psychological traits typically associated with a biological sex.
Gender
_____ is a social construct based on phenotypic differences between groups of people; these may be either real or perceived differences.
Race
____ is also a social construct that sorts people by cultural factors, including language, nationality, religion, and other factors. Symbolic ethnicity is recognition of an ethnic identity that is only relevant on special occasions or in specific circumstances and does not specifically impact everyday life.
Ethnicity
_________ can be defined by one’s sexual interest toward members of the same, opposite, or both sexes.
Sexual orientation
_______ is the movement into a new geographic area. Emigration is the movement away from a geographic area.
Immigration
A ______ is the average number of children born to a woman during her lifetime in a population. A birth rate is relative to a population size over time, usually measured as the number of births per 1000 people per year.
fertility rate
A ______ is the average number of deaths per population size over time, usually measured as the number of deaths per 1000 people per year.
mortality rate

_______ refers to the movement of people from one geographic location to another.
Migration
________ is a model used to represent drops in birth and death rates as a result of industrialization.
Demographic transition

________ are organized to either promote (proactive) or resist (reactive) social change.
Social movements
________ is the process of integrating a global economy with free trade and tapping of foreign labor markets.
Globalization
______ refers to the process of dense areas of population creating a pull for migration; in other words, creating cities
Urbanization
_____ functions are deliberate actions that serve to help a given system; latent functions are unexpected, unintended, or unrecognized positive consequences of manifest functions.
Manifest
_______ is the intentional or unintentional empowerment of one gender to the detriment of the other.
Gender inequality
________ is recognition of an ethnic identity that is only relevant on special occasions or in specific circumstances and does not specifically impact everyday life.
Symbolic ethnicity
Fill in the missing item

