Psychology Chapter 11: Social Structure and Demographics (4 Stars)

Question 1

_______ approaches provide frameworks for the interactions we observe within society.

Answer 1

Theoretical

Question 2

_______ focuses on the function of each component of society and how those components fit together.

Answer 2

Functionalism

Question 3

______ focuses on how power differentials are created and how these differentials contribute to the maintenance of social order.

Answer 3

Conflict theory

Question 4

_______ is the study of the ways individuals interact through a shared understanding of words, gestures, and other symbols.

Answer 4

Symbolic interactionism

Question 5

_______ explores the ways in which individuals and groups make decisions to agree upon a given social reality.

Answer 5

Social constructionism

Question 6

_______ states that individuals will make decisions that maximize potential benefit and minimize potential harm;

Answer 6

Rational choice theory

expectancy theory applies rational choice theory within social groups.

Question 7

______ explores the ways in which one gender can be subordinated, minimized, or devalued compared to the other.

Answer 7

Feminist theory

Question 8

______ are well-established social structures that dictate certain patterns of behavior or relationships and are accepted as a fundamental part of culture. Common include the family, education, religion, government and the economy, and health and medicine.

Answer 8

Social institutions

Question 9

______ refers to acting in the patient’s best interest.

Answer 9

Beneficence

Question 10

_______ refers to avoiding treatments for which risk is larger than benefit.

Answer 10

Nonmaleficence

Question 11

________ refers to respecting patients’ rights to make decisions about their own healthcare.

Answer 11

Respect for autonomy

Question 12

______ refers to treating similar patients similarly and distributing healthcare resources fairly.

Answer 12

Justice

Question 13

______ encompasses the lifestyle of a group of people and includes both material and symbolic elements.

Answer 13

Culture

Question 14

_______ includes the physical items one associates with a given group, such as artwork, emblems, clothing, jewelry, foods, buildings, and tools.

Answer 14

Material culture

Question 15

________ includes the ideas associated with a cultural group.

Answer 15

Symbolic culture

Question 16

______ refers to the idea that material culture changes more quickly than symbolic culture.

Answer 16

Cultural lag

Question 17

A cultural ______ is a social difference that impedes interaction.

Answer 17

barrier

Question 18

_______ consists of spoken or written symbols combined into a system and governed by rules.

Answer 18

Language

Question 19

A _____ is what a person deems important in life.

Answer 19

value

Question 20

A _____ is something a person considers to be true.

Answer 20

belief

Question 21

A _____is a formalized ceremonial behavior in which members of a group or community regularly engage. It is governed by specific rules, including appropriate behavior and a predetermined order of events.

Answer 21

ritual

Question 22

_____ are societal rules that define the boundaries of acceptable behavior.

Answer 22

Norms

Question 23

There is evidence that ____ flows from evolutionary principles, and that culture can also influence evolution.

Answer 23

culture

Question 24

________refer to the statistics of populations and are the mathematical applications of sociology. One can analyze hundreds of variables; some of the most common are age, gender, race and ethnicity, sexual orientation, and immigration status.

Answer 24

Demographics

Question 25

____ is prejudice or discrimination on the basis of a person’s age.

Answer 25

Ageism

Question 26

______ is the set of behavioral, cultural, or psychological traits typically associated with a biological sex.

Answer 26

Gender

Question 27

_____ is a social construct based on phenotypic differences between groups of people; these may be either real or perceived differences.

Answer 27

Race

Question 28

____ is also a social construct that sorts people by cultural factors, including language, nationality, religion, and other factors. Symbolic ethnicity is recognition of an ethnic identity that is only relevant on special occasions or in specific circumstances and does not specifically impact everyday life.

Answer 28

Ethnicity

Question 29

_________ can be defined by one’s sexual interest toward members of the same, opposite, or both sexes.

Answer 29

Sexual orientation

Question 30

_______ is the movement into a new geographic area. Emigration is the movement away from a geographic area.

Answer 30

Immigration

Question 31

A ______ is the average number of children born to a woman during her lifetime in a population. A birth rate is relative to a population size over time, usually measured as the number of births per 1000 people per year.

Answer 31

fertility rate

Question 32

A ______ is the average number of deaths per population size over time, usually measured as the number of deaths per 1000 people per year.

Answer 32

mortality rate

Question 33

_______ refers to the movement of people from one geographic location to another.

Answer 33

Migration

Question 34

________ is a model used to represent drops in birth and death rates as a result of industrialization.

Answer 34

Demographic transition

Question 35

________ are organized to either promote (proactive) or resist (reactive) social change.

Answer 35

Social movements

Question 36

________ is the process of integrating a global economy with free trade and tapping of foreign labor markets.

Answer 36

Globalization

Question 37

______ refers to the process of dense areas of population creating a pull for migration; in other words, creating cities

Answer 37

Urbanization

Question 38

_____ functions are deliberate actions that serve to help a given system; latent functions are unexpected, unintended, or unrecognized positive consequences of manifest functions.

Answer 38

Manifest

Question 39

_______ is the intentional or unintentional empowerment of one gender to the detriment of the other.

Answer 39

Gender inequality

Question 40

________ is recognition of an ethnic identity that is only relevant on special occasions or in specific circumstances and does not specifically impact everyday life.

Answer 40

Symbolic ethnicity

Question 41

Fill in the missing item

Answer 41