Biology Chapter 4: The Nervous System (4 Stars) Flashcards
Neurons are highly specialized cells responsible for the conduction of _________
impulses
Neurons communicate using both electrical and ______ forms of communication.
chemical
Electrical communication occurs via _____ and the generation of membrane potentials down the length of the axon.
ion exchange
Chemical communication occurs via ______ release from the presynaptic cell
neurotransmitter
release from the presynaptic cell and the binding of these neurotransmitters to the postsynaptic cell.
Dendrites are appendages that receive _____ from other cells.
signals
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/364/211/109/a_image_thumb.png?1637632464)
The ________ is the location of the nucleus as well as organelles such as the endoplasmic reticulum and ribosomes.
cell body or soma
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/364/211/110/a_image_thumb.png?1637632572)
The ______ is where the cell body transitions to the axon, and where action potentials are initiated.
axon hillock
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/364/211/111/a_image_thumb.png?1637632599)
The axon is a long appendage down which a(n) __________travels.
action potential
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/364/211/112/a_image_thumb.png?1637632611)
The nerve terminal or synaptic bouton is the ____ of the axon from which neurotransmitters are released.
end
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/364/211/113/a_image_thumb.png?1637632630)
Nodes of Ranvier are exposed areas of ______ axons that permit saltatory conduction.
myelinated
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/364/211/114/a_image_thumb.png?1637632643)
The synapse consists of the nerve terminal of the presynaptic neuron, the membrane of the postsynaptic cell, and the space between the two, called the _______
synaptic cleft.
Many axons are coated in ______, an insulating substance that prevents signal loss.
myelin
Myelin is created by ________ in the central nervous system and Schwann cells in the peripheral nervous system.
oligodendrocytes
Myelin prevents dissipation of the neural impulse and crossing of neural impulses from ______ neurons.
adjacent
Individual axons are bundled into ______ or tracts.
nerves
A single nerve may carry multiple types of information, including sensory, motor, or both. Tracts contain # ____ type of information.
only one
Cell bodies of neurons of the same type within a nerve ______ in ganglia in the peripheral nervous system.
cluster
Neuroglia or _____ cells are other cells within the nervous system in addition to neurons.
glial
Astrocytes nourish _______ and form the blood–brain barrier, which controls the transmission of solutes from the bloodstream into nervous tissue.
neurons
________ line the ventricles of the brain and produce cerebrospinal fluid, which physically supports the brain and serves as a shock absorber.
Ependymal cells