Chemistry Chapter 1: Atomic Structure (2 Stars)

Question 1

Where are protons found?

Answer 1

In the nucleus

Question 2

What is the fundamental unit of charge?

Answer 2

1.6*10-19C

Question 3

What is the atomic mass unit of a proton?

Answer 3

1 amu

Question 4

What does Z represent on an element? What does it represent (# of ______)

Answer 4

atomic number
protons

Question 5

The sum of the protons and neutrons in the atom’s nucleus is known as ____________.

Answer 5

Mass Number (A)

Question 6

Can an element have a variable number of protons or neutrons?

Answer 6

Neutrons

Question 7

How many neutrons does Deutrium have?

Answer 7

(1) has one proton and one neutron and
an atomic mass of 2 amu

Question 8

How many neutrons does Tritium have?

Answer 8

(2) has one proton and two neutrons and an atomic mass of 3 amu.

Question 9

The electrostatic force of attraction between the unlike charges of the proton and electron is far lesser or greater than the gravitational force of attraction based on their respective masses.

Answer 9

Greater

Question 10

The electrons closer to the nucleus are at higher or lower energy levels, while those that are further out have higher or lower energy.

Answer 10

lower energy levels
higher energy.

Question 11

Valence electrons in ______ bonds allows elements to fill their highest energy level to increase stability.

Answer 11

covalent bonds

Question 12

The nucleus contains the protons and _____, while the ______ move around the nucleus

Answer 12

neutrons
electrons

Question 13

The _____ number is the number of protons in a given element

Answer 13

atomic

Question 14

The mass number is the sum of an element’s _____ and neutrons

Answer 14

protons

Question 15

The atomic mass of an atom (in amu) is nearly _____to its mass number,

Answer 15

equal

Question 16

The mass number or weighted average of these different isotopes is referred to as the atomic weight and is the number reported on the Periodic Table.

Answer 16

weighted average

Question 17

Avogadro’s number?

Answer 17

6.02 × 10^23

Question 18

What is Planck’s quantum theory?

Answer 18

Energy is emitted as electromagnetic radiation from matter exists in discrete bundles called quanta.

Question 19

E = hf

Define each measure

Answer 19

The energy of a quantum,

E = hf

where h is a proportionality constant known as Planck’s constant, equal to 6.626 × 10 J·s, and f
(sometimes designated by the Greek letter nu, ν) is the frequency of the radiation.

Question 20

E= hc/λ

Define each measure

Answer 20

h is Planck’s constant,
c is the speed of light in a vacuum and
λ is the wavelength of the radiation.

Note this is just a combination of two other equations: E = hf and c = fλ.

Question 21

Lyman series?

Answer 21

The group of hydrogen emission lines corresponding to transitions from energy levels n ≥ 1 to n = 1

Transition b/t upper levels

Question 22

The group corresponding to transitions from energy levels (upper levels) n ≥ 3 to n = 2 is known as the _____ series

Answer 22

Balmer series

Question 23

For electrons to move from a lower energy level to a higher energy level, they must ____ the right amount of energy to do so.

Answer 23

absorb

Question 24

When electrons move from a higher energy level to a lower energy level, they ____ the same amount of energy in the form of light. (aurora borealis)

Answer 24

emit

Question 25

What is the equation for moles?

Answer 25

M = mass of sample/molar mass

Question 26

The ___________ states that it is impossible to know both an electron’s position and its momentum exactly at the same time.

Answer 26

Heisenberg uncertainty principle

Question 27

Pauli exclusion principle?

Answer 27

No two electrons in a given atom can possess the same set of four quantum numbers.

Question 28

The azimuthal quantum number, ___, describes the subshells within a given principal energy level (s, p, d, and f).

Answer 28

l

Question 29

The _____ quantum number, ml, specifies the particular orbital within a subshell where an electron is likely to be found at a given moment in time.

Answer 29

magnetic

Question 30

The principal quantum number, ___, describes the average energy of a shell

Answer 30

n

Question 31

The____ quantum number, ms, indicates the spin orientation 1 2 ( ) ± of an electron in an orbital.

Answer 31

spin

Question 32

Electrons fill the principal energy levels and subshells according to increasing energy, which can be determined by the____rule.

Answer 32

n + l rule.

Question 33

_______ materials have unpaired electrons that align with magnetic fields, attracting the material to a magnet

Answer 33

Paramagnetic = unpaired electrons

Question 34

Diamagnetic materials have paired or unpaired electrons, which cannot easily be realigned; they are repelled by magnets.

Answer 34

Diamagnetic = parried

Di = 2

Question 35

The electron configuration uses ___________ (combining the n and l values as a number and letter, respectively) to designate the location of electrons

Answer 35

spectroscopic notation