Chemistry Chapter 12: Electrochemistry (4 Stars)

Question 1

A __________ cell describes any cell in which oxidation–reduction reactions take place. Certain characteristics are shared between all types of electrochemical cells.

Answer 1

electrochemical

Question 2

______ are strips of metal or other conductive materials placed in an electrolyte solution.

Answer 2

Electrodes

Question 3

The _____ is always the site of oxidation. It attracts anions.

Answer 3

anode

Question 4

The cathode is always the site of ______. It attracts cations.

Answer 4

reduction

Question 5

Electrons flow from the _____ to the _______

Answer 5

anode to the cathode.

Question 6

______ flows from the cathode to the anode.

Answer 6

Current

Question 7

Cell diagrams are shorthand notation that represent the reactions taking place in _______

Answer 7

electrochemical cell.

Question 8

Cell diagrams are written from _____ to ______with electrolytes (the solution) in between.

Answer 8

anode to cathode

Question 9

A vertical line represents a _____boundary, and a double vertical line represents a salt bridge or other physical boundary.

Answer 9

phase

Question 10

Galvanic (voltaic) cells house spontaneous reactions (ΔG < 0) with a _____ electromotive force.

Answer 10

positive

Question 11

Electrolytic cells houses ______ reactions (ΔG > 0) with a negative electromotive force. These nonspontaneous cells can be used to create useful products through electrolysis.

Answer 11

nonspontaneous

Question 12

______ cells are a specialized form of a galvanic cell in which both electrodes are made of the same material.

Answer 12

Concentration

Rather than a potential difference causing the movement of charge, it is the concentration gradient between the two solutions.

Question 13

The charge on an electrode is _____ on the type of electrochemical cell one is studying.

Answer 13

dependent

Question 14

For galvanic cells, the anode is ______ charged and the cathode is ______ charged.

Answer 14

negatively charged

positively charged.

Question 15

For electrolytic cells, the ____ is positively charged and the _____ is negatively charged.

Answer 15

anode

cathode

Question 16

_________ are electrochemical cells that can experience charging (electrolytic) and discharging (galvanic) states.

Answer 16

Rechargeable batteries

Rechargeable batteries are often ranked by energy density—the amount of energy a cell can produce relative to the mass of battery material.

Question 17

______ is an above-average current transiently released at the beginning of the discharge phase; it wanes rapidly until a stable current is achieved. Cell Potentials

Answer 17

Surge current

Question 18

A reduction potential quantifies the tendency for a species to gain electrons and be reduced. The higher the reduction potential, the more a given species wants to be ______.

Answer 18

reduced.

Question 19

Standard reduction potentials (E° red) are calculated by comparison to the standard ______ electrode (SHE) under the standard conditions of 298 K, 1 atm pressure, and 1 M concentrations.

Answer 19

hydrogen

Question 20

The standard hydrogen electrode has a standard reduction potential of ___ V.

Answer 20

0 V.

Question 21

Standard electromotive force (E° cell) is the difference in standard reduction potential between the ______

Answer 21

two half-cells.

Question 22

For galvanic cells, the difference of the reduction potentials of the two half reactions is ______; for electrolytic cells, the difference of the reduction potentials of the two half-reactions is negative.

Answer 22

positive

Question 23

_______ force and change in free energy always have opposite signs.

Answer 23

Electromotive

Question 24

When Ecell  is positive, ΔG° is _____. This is the case in galvanic cells.

Answer 24

negative

Question 25

When Ecell is ______, ΔG° is positive. This is the case in electrolytic cells.

Answer 25

negative

Question 26

When Ecell  is 0, ΔG° is _____. This is the case in concentration cells.

Answer 26

0

Question 27

The _______ describes the relationship between the concentration of species in a solution under nonstandard conditions and the electromotive force.

Answer 27

Nernst equation

Question 28

When Keq (the ratio of products’ concentrations at equilibrium over reactants’, raised to their stoichiometric coefficients) is greater than 1, Ecell is _____

Answer 28

positive.

Question 29

When Keq is less than 1, Ecell is _____

Answer 29

negative.

Question 30

When Keq is equal to 1, Ecell is ___

Answer 30

0.