Chemistry Chapter 8: The Gas Phase (3 Stars)

Question 1

______ are the least dense phase of matter.

Answer 1

Gases

Question 2

Gases are _____ and therefore conform to the shapes of their containers.

Answer 2

fluids

Question 3

Gases are easily ______

Answer 3

compressible.

Question 4

Gas systems are described by the variables temperature (T), pressure (P), ______, and number of moles (n).

Answer 4

volume (V)

Question 5

Important pressure equivalencies include 1 atm = 760 mmHg ≡ 760 ____ = 101.325 kPa.

Answer 5

torr

Question 6

A simple mercury barometer measures incident (usually atmospheric) pressure. As pressure increases, _____ mercury is forced into the column, increasing its height. As pressure decreases, mercury flows out of the column under its own weight, decreasing its height. Ideal Gases

Answer 6

more

Question 7

Standard temperature and pressure (STP) is ____ K (0°C) and 1 atm.

Answer 7

273 K

Question 8

Equations for ideal gases assume negligible ___ and volume of gas molecules.

Answer 8

mass

Question 9

Regardless of the identity of the gas, equimolar amounts of ____ gases will occupy the same volume at the same temperature and pressure. At STP, one mole of an ideal gas occupies 22.4 L.

Answer 9

two

Question 10

The ideal gas law describes the relationship between the ___ variables of the gas state for an ideal gas.

Answer 10

four

Question 11

Avogadro’s principle is a special case of the ideal gas law for which the pressure and temperature are held ____; it shows a direct relationship between the number of moles of gas and volume.

Answer 11

constant

Question 12

Boyle’s law is a special case of the ideal gas law for which temperature and number of moles are held constant; it shows an _____ relationship between pressure and volume.

Answer 12

inverse

Question 13

Charles’s law is a special case of the ideal gas law for which pressure and number of moles are held constant; it shows a direct relationship between _____ and volume.

Answer 13

temperature

Question 14

Gay-Lussac’s law is a special case of the ideal gas law for which volume and number of moles are held constant; it shows a direct relationship between temperature and _____

Answer 14

pressure.

Question 15

The combined gas law is a combination of Boyle’s, Charles’s, and Gay-Lussac’s laws; it shows ____ relationship between pressure and volume along with direct relationships between pressure and volume with temperature.

Answer 15

inverse

Question 16

Dalton’s law of ____ pressures states that individual gas components of a mixture of gases will exert individual pressures in proportion to their mole fractions. The total pressure of a mixture of gases is equal to the sum of the partial pressures of the component gases.

Answer 16

partial

Question 17

Henry’s law states that the amount of gas dissolved in solution is directly proportional to the _______of that gas at the surface of a solution.

Answer 17

partial pressure

Question 18

The kinetic molecular theory attempts to explain the behavior of ___ particles.

Answer 18

gas

Question 19

Gas particles have negligible _____

Answer 19

volume.

Question 20

Gas particles do not have _____ attractions or repulsions.

Answer 20

intermolecular

Question 21

Gas particles undergo ____ collisions with each other and the walls of the container.

Answer 21

random

Question 22

Collisions between gas particles (and with the walls of the container) are _____

Answer 22

elastic.

Question 23

The average kinetic energy of the gas particles is directly _____ to temperature.

Answer 23

proportional

Question 24

Graham’s law describes the behavior of gas diffusion or effusion, stating that gases with lower molar masses will diffuse or effuse ____ than gases with higher molar masses at the same temperature.

Answer 24

faster

Question 25

Diffusion is the spreading out of particles from ____ to ___concentration.

Answer 25

high to low

Question 26

_______ is the movement of gas from one compartment to another through a small opening under pressure.

Answer 26

Effusion

Question 27

Real gases deviate from ideal behavior under ____ pressure (low volume) and low temperature conditions.

Answer 27

high

Question 28

At moderately high pressures, low volumes, or low temperatures, real gases will occupy ____ volume than predicted by the ideal gas law because the particles have intermolecular attractions.

Answer 28

less

Question 29

At extremely high pressures, low volumes, or low temperatures, real gases will occupy more volume than predicted by the ideal gas law because the particles occupy ______

Answer 29

physical space.

Question 30

The van der Waals equation of state is used to correct the ideal gas law for intermolecular attractions (a) and ______

Answer 30

molecular volume (b).

Question 31

What is the equation for ideal gas law?

Answer 31

PV = nRT