Chemistry Chapter 8: The Gas Phase (3 Stars) Flashcards
______ are the least dense phase of matter.
Gases
Gases are _____ and therefore conform to the shapes of their containers.
fluids
Gases are easily ______
compressible.
Gas systems are described by the variables temperature (T), pressure (P), ______, and number of moles (n).
volume (V)
Important pressure equivalencies include 1 atm = 760 mmHg ≡ 760 ____ = 101.325 kPa.
torr
A simple mercury barometer measures incident (usually atmospheric) pressure. As pressure increases, _____ mercury is forced into the column, increasing its height. As pressure decreases, mercury flows out of the column under its own weight, decreasing its height. Ideal Gases
more
Standard temperature and pressure (STP) is ____ K (0°C) and 1 atm.
273 K
Equations for ideal gases assume negligible ___ and volume of gas molecules.
mass
Regardless of the identity of the gas, equimolar amounts of ____ gases will occupy the same volume at the same temperature and pressure. At STP, one mole of an ideal gas occupies 22.4 L.
two
The ideal gas law describes the relationship between the ___ variables of the gas state for an ideal gas.
four
Avogadro’s principle is a special case of the ideal gas law for which the pressure and temperature are held ____; it shows a direct relationship between the number of moles of gas and volume.
constant
Boyle’s law is a special case of the ideal gas law for which temperature and number of moles are held constant; it shows an _____ relationship between pressure and volume.
inverse
Charles’s law is a special case of the ideal gas law for which pressure and number of moles are held constant; it shows a direct relationship between _____ and volume.
temperature
Gay-Lussac’s law is a special case of the ideal gas law for which volume and number of moles are held constant; it shows a direct relationship between temperature and _____
pressure.
The combined gas law is a combination of Boyle’s, Charles’s, and Gay-Lussac’s laws; it shows ____ relationship between pressure and volume along with direct relationships between pressure and volume with temperature.
inverse
Dalton’s law of ____ pressures states that individual gas components of a mixture of gases will exert individual pressures in proportion to their mole fractions. The total pressure of a mixture of gases is equal to the sum of the partial pressures of the component gases.
partial
Henry’s law states that the amount of gas dissolved in solution is directly proportional to the _______of that gas at the surface of a solution.
partial pressure
The kinetic molecular theory attempts to explain the behavior of ___ particles.
gas
Gas particles have negligible _____
volume.
Gas particles do not have _____ attractions or repulsions.
intermolecular
Gas particles undergo ____ collisions with each other and the walls of the container.
random
Collisions between gas particles (and with the walls of the container) are _____
elastic.
The average kinetic energy of the gas particles is directly _____ to temperature.
proportional
Graham’s law describes the behavior of gas diffusion or effusion, stating that gases with lower molar masses will diffuse or effuse ____ than gases with higher molar masses at the same temperature.
faster
Diffusion is the spreading out of particles from ____ to ___concentration.
high to low
_______ is the movement of gas from one compartment to another through a small opening under pressure.
Effusion
Real gases deviate from ideal behavior under ____ pressure (low volume) and low temperature conditions.
high
At moderately high pressures, low volumes, or low temperatures, real gases will occupy ____ volume than predicted by the ideal gas law because the particles have intermolecular attractions.
less
At extremely high pressures, low volumes, or low temperatures, real gases will occupy more volume than predicted by the ideal gas law because the particles occupy ______
physical space.
The van der Waals equation of state is used to correct the ideal gas law for intermolecular attractions (a) and ______
molecular volume (b).
What is the equation for ideal gas law?
PV = nRT
