Organic Chemistry Chapter 1: Nomenclature (1 Star)

Question 1

First step of IUPAC, find the _____ carbon chain in the compound that contains the highest priority functional group. This is called the _____ chain.

Answer 1

longest

parent chain.

Question 2

Second, number the chain in such a way that the ________ functional group receives the ______possible number. This group will determine the suffix of the molecule.

Answer 2

highest-priority

lowest possible number.

Question 3

Third, name the _______ with a prefix.

(di–, tri–, tetra–, and so on).

Answer 3

substituents

Question 4

Fourth, assign a ______ to each of the substituents depending on the carbon to which it is bonded.

Answer 4

number

Question 5

Finally, complete the name by alphabetizing the _____ and separating numbers from each other by commas and from words by hyphens.

Answer 5

substituents

Question 6

Alkanes are hydrocarbons without any double or triple bonds. They have the general formula ______

Answer 6

CnH(2n+2).

Question 7

Alkanes are named according to the number of carbons present followed by the suffix –

Answer 7

–ane.

Question 8

The first four alkanes are:

Answer 8

methane (CH4), ethane (C2H6), propane (C3H8), and butane (C4H10).

Question 9

Alkenes and alkynes contain _____ and _____ bonds, respectively.

Answer 9

double and triple bonds

Question 10

Alkenes are named by substituting – for the suffix and numbering the double bond by its lower-numbered carbon. Alkynes substitute – with the same numbering.

Answer 10

–ene

–yne

Question 11

Alcohols contain a ____ group, which substitutes for one or more of the hydrogens in the hydrocarbon chain.

Answer 11

hydroxyl (–OH) group,

Question 12

Alcohols are named by substituting the suffix –or by using the prefix – if a higher-priority group is present.

Answer 12

–ol

hydroxy

Question 13

Alcohols have _____ priority than double or triple bonds and alkanes.

Answer 13

higher

Question 14

Common names of alcohols include the name of the carbon chain followed by the word alcohol. For example, ____ alcohol is the same compound as ethanol.

Answer 14

ethyl alcohol

Question 15

Diols contain ____ hydroxyl groups. They are termed _____ if on the same carbon or vicinal if on adjacent carbons.

Answer 15

two

geminal

Question 16

Aldehydes and ketones contain a carbonyl group—a carbon double-bonded to _____.

Answer 16

oxygen.

Question 17

Aldehydes have the carbonyl group on a _____ carbon that is also attached to a hydrogen atom.

Answer 17

terminal

Question 18

Aldehydes are named with the suffix –, or by using the prefix – if a higher-priority group is present.

Answer 18

–al,

oxo–

Question 19

Common names of aldehydes include ______ for methanal, _______ for ethanal, and propionaldehyde for ______.

Answer 19

formaldehyde for methanal,
acetaldehyde for ethanal
propionaldehyde for propanal.

Question 20

Ketones have the carbonyl group on a ______ carbon.

Answer 20

nonterminal

Question 21

Ketones are named with the suffix –and share the prefix – if a higher-priority group is present. Ketones can also be indicated by the prefix keto–.

Answer 21

–one

oxo–

Question 22

The common names of ketones are constructed by naming the ____ groups on either side alphabetically and adding ketone. For example, 2-butanone is called ethylmethylketone.

Answer 22

alkyl

Question 23

Acetone is significant as the smallest _____. Its IUPAC name is propanone.

Answer 23

ketone

Question 24

Carboxylic acids are the ______ functional group because they contain three bonds to oxygen: one from a hydroxyl group and two from a carbonyl group.

Answer 24

highest-priority

Question 25

Carboxylic acids are always ____ , although their derivatives may occur within a molecule.

Answer 25

terminal

Question 26

Carboxylic acids are named with the suffix –

Answer 26

–oic acid.

They are very rarely named as a prefix.

Question 27

Common names for carboxylic acids follow the trend for aldehydes. Formic acid is ______, acetic acid is ethanoic acid, and propionic acid is propanoic acid.

Answer 27

methanoic acid

Question 28

Esters are carboxylic acid derivatives where –OH is replaced with ______

Answer 28

–OR, an alkoxy group.

Question 29

Esters use the suffix –

Answer 29

–oate

Question 30

Amides replace the _____ group of a carboxylic acid with an amino group that may or may not be substituted.

Answer 30

hydroxyl group

Question 31

Amides use the suffix – or the prefix carbamoyl– or amido–.

Answer 31

–amide

Substituents attached to the amide nitrogen are designated with a capital N–.

Question 32

Anhydrides are formed from ____# carboxylic acids by _____. They may be symmetric (two of the same acid), asymmetric (two different acids), or cyclic (intramolecular reaction of a dicarboxylic acid)

Answer 32

two carboxylic acids

dehydration.