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BOARDS specific notecards > psychiatry > Flashcards

psychiatry Flashcards

1
Q

what is the term for learning in which a particular action is elected because it produces a punishment or reward. usually deals with voluntary responses

A

operant conditioning

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2
Q

what is the term for when a patient projects feelings about formative or other important persons onto physician

A

transference

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3
Q

what is the term for when the doctor projects feeling about formative or other important persons onto patient

A

countertransference

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4
Q

what is the term for mental processes used to resolve conflict and prevent undesirable feelings

A

ego defenses

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5
Q

what is the term for redirection of emotions or impulses to a neutral person or object

A

displacement

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6
Q

what is the term for temporary, drastic change in personality, memory, consciousness, or motor behavior to avoid emotional stress. patient has incomplete or no memory of traumatic event

A

dissociation

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7
Q

what immature defense does the describe: a victim of sexual abuse suddenly appears numb and detached when she is exposed to her abuser

A

dissociation

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8
Q

what is the term for partially remaining at a more childish level of development

A

fixation

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9
Q

what is this an example of: a surgeon throws a tantrum in the operating room because the last case ran very late

A

fixation

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10
Q

what is the term for expressing extremely positive thoughts of self and others while ignoring negative thoughts

A

idealization

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11
Q

what is the term for largely unconscious assumption of characteristics, qualities, or traits of another person or group

A

identification

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12
Q

what is the term for using facts and logic to emotionally distance oneself from a stressful situation

A

intellectualization

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13
Q

what is the term for separating feelings from ideas and events

A

isolation (of affect)

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14
Q

what is the term for attributing an unacceptable internal impulse to an external source

A

projection

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15
Q

what is the term for proclaiming logical reasons for actions actually performed for other reasons, usually to avoid self–blame

A

rationalization

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16
Q

what is the term for replacing a warded-off idea or feeling by an (unconsciously derived) emphasis on its opposite (vs sublimation)

A

reaction formation

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17
Q

what is the term for involuntarily turning back the maturational clock and going back to earlier odes of dealing with the world

A

regression

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18
Q

what is the term for involuntarily withholding an idea or feeling from conscious awareness

A

repression

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19
Q

what is the term for replacing an unacceptable wish with a course of action that is similar to the wish but does not conflict with ones value system

A

sublimation

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20
Q

what is this an example of: teenager’s aggression toward his farther is redirected to perform well in sports

A

sublimation

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21
Q

what is the term for alleviating negative feelings via unsolicited generosity

A

altruism

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22
Q

what is this an example of: mafia boss makes large donation to charity

A

altruism

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23
Q

what is the term for intentionally withholding an idea or feeling from conscious awareness; temporary

A

suppression

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24
Q

what is this an example of: choosing to not worry about the big game until it is time to play

A

suppression

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25
Q

what is the term for appreciating the amusing nature of an anxiety-provoking or adverse situation

A

humor

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26
Q

what diagnosis does this describe: parents perceive the child as especially susceptible to illness or injury. usually follows a serious illness or life-threatening event. can result in missed school or overuse of medical services

A

vulnerable child syndrome

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27
Q

what diagnosis does this describe: X-linked dominant disorder seen almost exclusively in girls. symptoms usually including regression chart by loss of development, loss of verbal abilities, intellectual disability, ataxia, stereotyped hand-wringing.

A

rett syndrome

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28
Q

what mutation is rett syndrome usually due to

A

de novo mutation of MECP2

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29
Q

what diagnosis does this describe: repetitive and pervasive behavior violating the basic rights of other or societal norms.

A

conduct disorder

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30
Q

what diagnosis does this describe: enduring pattern of hostile, defiant behavior toward authority figures in the absence of serious violations of social norms

A

oppositional defiant disorder

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31
Q

what is the treatment for oppositional defiant disorder

A

psychotherapy such as CBT

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32
Q

what diagnosis does this describe onset before age 10. severe and recurrent outbursts out of proportion to situation. child is constantly angry and irritable between outbursts.

A

disruptive mood dysregulation disorder

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33
Q

what is the treatment for disruptive mood dysregulation disorder

A

psychostimulants, antipsychotics, CBT

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34
Q

inability to remember things that occurred before a CNS insult

A

retrograde amnesia

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35
Q

inability to remember things that occurred after a CNS insult

A

anterograde amnesia

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36
Q

inability to recall important personal info, usually subsequent to severe trauma or stress. may be accompanied by dissociative fugue

A

dissociative amnesia

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37
Q

abrupt travel or wandering during a period of dissociative amnesia, associated with traumatic circumstances

A

dissociative amnesia

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38
Q

what was dissociative identity disorder previously known as

A

multiple personality disorder

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39
Q

what is the first line treatment for schizophrenia

A

anti-psychotics (risperidone)

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40
Q

fixed, persistent, false belief system lasting > 1 month. functioning otherwise not impaired. can be shared by individuals in close relationships

A

delusional disorder

41
Q

what are the criteria needed for manic episode (at least 3)

A

distractibility irresponsibility, grandiosity, flight of ideas, agitation, decreased need for sleep, talkativeness

42
Q

what disorder is a milder form of bipolar disorder lasting at least 2 years, fluctuating between mild depressive and hypopanic symptoms

A

cyclothymic disorders

43
Q

what are the 5 stages of grief

A

denial, anger, bargaining, depression, and acceptance

44
Q

enduring, repetitive pattern of perceiving, relating to and thinking about the environment and oneself

A

personality trait

45
Q

what are the 3 clusters of personality disorders

A

A, B and C (weird, wild, worried)

46
Q

what are the cluster A personality disorders

A

paranoid, schizoid, schizotypal

47
Q

what cluster A personality disorder is this: pervasive distrust and suspiciousness of others and a profoundly cynical view of the world

A

paranoid

48
Q

what cluster A personality disorder is this: voluntary social withdrawal, limited emotional expression, content with social isolation

A

schizoid

49
Q

what cluster A personality disorder is this: eccentric appearance, odd beliefs or magical thinking, interpersonal awkwardness

A

schizotypal

50
Q

what are the cluster B personality disorders

A

antisocial, bordline, histrionic, narcissistic

51
Q

what cluster B personality disorder is this: unstable mood and interpersonal relationships, impulsivity, self-mutiliation, suicidality, sense of emptiness

A

borderline

52
Q

what is the major defense mechanism associated with borderline personality disorder

A

splitting

53
Q

what cluster B personality disorder is this: excessive emotionality and excitability, attention seeking, sexual provocative, overly concerned with appearance

A

histrionic personality disorder

54
Q

what are the cluster C personality disorders

A

avoidant, obsessive-compulsive, dependent

55
Q

what cluster B personality disorder is this: hypersensitivity to rejection, socially inhibited, timid, feelings of inadequacy, desires relationships with others

A

avoidant

56
Q

variety of bodily complaints lasting for months to years. associated with excessive, persistent thoughts and anxiety about symptoms.

A

somatic symptom disorders

57
Q

when do sleep terror disorders typically occur (stage of sleep)

A

non-REM sleep

58
Q

what are the stages of change in overcoming substance addiction

A

pre contemplation, contemplation, preparation/determination, action/willpower, maintenance, relapse

59
Q

what is the treatment for benzodiazepine use

A

flumazenil

60
Q

what are the severe side effects seen with amphetamines

A

cardiac arrest, seizures

61
Q

what is the treatment for amphetamines

A

benzodiazepines for agitation and seizures

62
Q

what is the treatment for cocaine

A

beta blockers, benzodiazepines

63
Q

what is the treatment for phencyclidine overdose

A

benzodiazepines, rapid-acting antipsychotic

64
Q

what is the preferred drug to treat ADHD

A

stimulants (methylphenidate, amphetamines)

65
Q

what is the preferred drug to treat alcohol withdrawal

A

benzodiazepines

66
Q

what is the preferred drug to treat bipolar disorder

A

lithium, valproic acid, carbamazepine, lamotrigine, atypical antipsychotics

67
Q

what is the preferred drug to treat bulimia nervosa

A

SSRIs

68
Q

what is the preferred drug to treat depression

A

SSRIs

69
Q

what is the preferred drug to treat generalized anxiety disorder

A

SSRIs, SNRIs

70
Q

what is the preferred drug to treat OCD

A

SSRIs, venlafaxine, clomipramine

71
Q

what is the preferred drug to treat panic disorder

A

SSRIs, venlafaxine, benzodiazepines

72
Q

what is the preferred drug to treat PTSD

A

SSRIs, venlafaxine

73
Q

what is the preferred drug to treat schizophrenia

A

atypical antipsychotics

74
Q

what is the preferred drug to treat social anxiety disorder

A

SSRIs, venlafaxine

75
Q

what is the clinical use of monoamine oxidase inhibitors

A

atypical depression, anxiety, parkinson disease (selegiline)

76
Q

what is the mechanism of action of bupropion

A

inhibits reuptake of NE and dopamine

77
Q

what is the mechanism of action of mirtazapine

A

alpha2 antagonist, potent 5-HT2 and 5-HT3 receptor antagonist and H1 antagonist

78
Q

what is the mechanism of action of varenicline

A

nicotinic ACh receptor partial agonist

79
Q

what does damage to the pontomesencephalic reticular formation result in

A

coma

80
Q

what does damage to the medullary reticular formation result in

A

insomnia

81
Q

what is the main function of the reticular formation

A

alertness

82
Q

what is the location of the cell bodies for norenephrine

A

pons: locus ceruleus and lateral tegmental area

83
Q

what is the location of serotonin cell bodies

A

midbrain and pons: raphe nuclei

84
Q

what does alexia without agraphia involve damage too

A

damage to splenium of corpus callous on left (PCA infarct)

85
Q

what is the term for inability to recognize a familiar object despite intact senses

A

agnosia

86
Q

what is the term for lack of awareness of seriousness of their condition

A

anosognosia

87
Q

what is the term for inability to identify object by only touch (despite normal somatosensory exam)

A

astereognosia

88
Q

loss of ability to perform a learned and familiar motor task despite normal strength and range of motion

A

apraxia

89
Q

what does contralateral neglect result from

A

damage to the right parietal lobe

90
Q

what is gerstmann syndrome caused by

A

damage to the left parietal lobe

91
Q

what is gerstmann syndrome indicated by

A

acalculia, agraphia, finger agnosia and left-right confusion

92
Q

what part of the hippocampus is most vulnerable to seizure activity

A

CA4 region

93
Q

where are the key lesions with korsakoff/amnesic syndrome

A

thalamus and frontal lobe

94
Q

what lesion causes expressive dysprosody

A

broca area in frontal lobe

95
Q

what lesion causes receptive dysprosody

A

wernicke area of temporal lobe

96
Q

what is the most abused substance in america

A

nicotine

97
Q

what is the first line treatment for alcoholism

A

AA and rehabs

98
Q

what receptors does acamprosate target

A

glutamate receptors

BOARDS specific notecards (42 decks)

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