psychiatry Flashcards
what is the term for learning in which a particular action is elected because it produces a punishment or reward. usually deals with voluntary responses
operant conditioning
what is the term for when a patient projects feelings about formative or other important persons onto physician
transference
what is the term for when the doctor projects feeling about formative or other important persons onto patient
countertransference
what is the term for mental processes used to resolve conflict and prevent undesirable feelings
ego defenses
what is the term for redirection of emotions or impulses to a neutral person or object
displacement
what is the term for temporary, drastic change in personality, memory, consciousness, or motor behavior to avoid emotional stress. patient has incomplete or no memory of traumatic event
dissociation
what immature defense does the describe: a victim of sexual abuse suddenly appears numb and detached when she is exposed to her abuser
dissociation
what is the term for partially remaining at a more childish level of development
fixation
what is this an example of: a surgeon throws a tantrum in the operating room because the last case ran very late
fixation
what is the term for expressing extremely positive thoughts of self and others while ignoring negative thoughts
idealization
what is the term for largely unconscious assumption of characteristics, qualities, or traits of another person or group
identification
what is the term for using facts and logic to emotionally distance oneself from a stressful situation
intellectualization
what is the term for separating feelings from ideas and events
isolation (of affect)
what is the term for attributing an unacceptable internal impulse to an external source
projection
what is the term for proclaiming logical reasons for actions actually performed for other reasons, usually to avoid self–blame
rationalization
what is the term for replacing a warded-off idea or feeling by an (unconsciously derived) emphasis on its opposite (vs sublimation)
reaction formation
what is the term for involuntarily turning back the maturational clock and going back to earlier odes of dealing with the world
regression
what is the term for involuntarily withholding an idea or feeling from conscious awareness
repression
what is the term for replacing an unacceptable wish with a course of action that is similar to the wish but does not conflict with ones value system
sublimation
what is this an example of: teenager’s aggression toward his farther is redirected to perform well in sports
sublimation
what is the term for alleviating negative feelings via unsolicited generosity
altruism
what is this an example of: mafia boss makes large donation to charity
altruism
what is the term for intentionally withholding an idea or feeling from conscious awareness; temporary
suppression
what is this an example of: choosing to not worry about the big game until it is time to play
suppression
what is the term for appreciating the amusing nature of an anxiety-provoking or adverse situation
humor
what diagnosis does this describe: parents perceive the child as especially susceptible to illness or injury. usually follows a serious illness or life-threatening event. can result in missed school or overuse of medical services
vulnerable child syndrome
what diagnosis does this describe: X-linked dominant disorder seen almost exclusively in girls. symptoms usually including regression chart by loss of development, loss of verbal abilities, intellectual disability, ataxia, stereotyped hand-wringing.
rett syndrome
what mutation is rett syndrome usually due to
de novo mutation of MECP2
what diagnosis does this describe: repetitive and pervasive behavior violating the basic rights of other or societal norms.
conduct disorder
what diagnosis does this describe: enduring pattern of hostile, defiant behavior toward authority figures in the absence of serious violations of social norms
oppositional defiant disorder
what is the treatment for oppositional defiant disorder
psychotherapy such as CBT
what diagnosis does this describe onset before age 10. severe and recurrent outbursts out of proportion to situation. child is constantly angry and irritable between outbursts.
disruptive mood dysregulation disorder
what is the treatment for disruptive mood dysregulation disorder
psychostimulants, antipsychotics, CBT
inability to remember things that occurred before a CNS insult
retrograde amnesia
inability to remember things that occurred after a CNS insult
anterograde amnesia
inability to recall important personal info, usually subsequent to severe trauma or stress. may be accompanied by dissociative fugue
dissociative amnesia
abrupt travel or wandering during a period of dissociative amnesia, associated with traumatic circumstances
dissociative amnesia
what was dissociative identity disorder previously known as
multiple personality disorder
what is the first line treatment for schizophrenia
anti-psychotics (risperidone)
fixed, persistent, false belief system lasting > 1 month. functioning otherwise not impaired. can be shared by individuals in close relationships
delusional disorder
what are the criteria needed for manic episode (at least 3)
distractibility irresponsibility, grandiosity, flight of ideas, agitation, decreased need for sleep, talkativeness
what disorder is a milder form of bipolar disorder lasting at least 2 years, fluctuating between mild depressive and hypopanic symptoms
cyclothymic disorders
what are the 5 stages of grief
denial, anger, bargaining, depression, and acceptance
enduring, repetitive pattern of perceiving, relating to and thinking about the environment and oneself
personality trait
what are the 3 clusters of personality disorders
A, B and C (weird, wild, worried)
what are the cluster A personality disorders
paranoid, schizoid, schizotypal
what cluster A personality disorder is this: pervasive distrust and suspiciousness of others and a profoundly cynical view of the world
paranoid
what cluster A personality disorder is this: voluntary social withdrawal, limited emotional expression, content with social isolation
schizoid
what cluster A personality disorder is this: eccentric appearance, odd beliefs or magical thinking, interpersonal awkwardness
schizotypal
what are the cluster B personality disorders
antisocial, bordline, histrionic, narcissistic
what cluster B personality disorder is this: unstable mood and interpersonal relationships, impulsivity, self-mutiliation, suicidality, sense of emptiness
borderline
what is the major defense mechanism associated with borderline personality disorder
splitting
what cluster B personality disorder is this: excessive emotionality and excitability, attention seeking, sexual provocative, overly concerned with appearance
histrionic personality disorder
what are the cluster C personality disorders
avoidant, obsessive-compulsive, dependent
what cluster B personality disorder is this: hypersensitivity to rejection, socially inhibited, timid, feelings of inadequacy, desires relationships with others
avoidant
variety of bodily complaints lasting for months to years. associated with excessive, persistent thoughts and anxiety about symptoms.
somatic symptom disorders
when do sleep terror disorders typically occur (stage of sleep)
non-REM sleep
what are the stages of change in overcoming substance addiction
pre contemplation, contemplation, preparation/determination, action/willpower, maintenance, relapse
what is the treatment for benzodiazepine use
flumazenil
what are the severe side effects seen with amphetamines
cardiac arrest, seizures
what is the treatment for amphetamines
benzodiazepines for agitation and seizures
what is the treatment for cocaine
beta blockers, benzodiazepines
what is the treatment for phencyclidine overdose
benzodiazepines, rapid-acting antipsychotic
what is the preferred drug to treat ADHD
stimulants (methylphenidate, amphetamines)
what is the preferred drug to treat alcohol withdrawal
benzodiazepines
what is the preferred drug to treat bipolar disorder
lithium, valproic acid, carbamazepine, lamotrigine, atypical antipsychotics
what is the preferred drug to treat bulimia nervosa
SSRIs
what is the preferred drug to treat depression
SSRIs
what is the preferred drug to treat generalized anxiety disorder
SSRIs, SNRIs
what is the preferred drug to treat OCD
SSRIs, venlafaxine, clomipramine
what is the preferred drug to treat panic disorder
SSRIs, venlafaxine, benzodiazepines
what is the preferred drug to treat PTSD
SSRIs, venlafaxine
what is the preferred drug to treat schizophrenia
atypical antipsychotics
what is the preferred drug to treat social anxiety disorder
SSRIs, venlafaxine
what is the clinical use of monoamine oxidase inhibitors
atypical depression, anxiety, parkinson disease (selegiline)
what is the mechanism of action of bupropion
inhibits reuptake of NE and dopamine
what is the mechanism of action of mirtazapine
alpha2 antagonist, potent 5-HT2 and 5-HT3 receptor antagonist and H1 antagonist
what is the mechanism of action of varenicline
nicotinic ACh receptor partial agonist
what does damage to the pontomesencephalic reticular formation result in
coma
what does damage to the medullary reticular formation result in
insomnia
what is the main function of the reticular formation
alertness
what is the location of the cell bodies for norenephrine
pons: locus ceruleus and lateral tegmental area
what is the location of serotonin cell bodies
midbrain and pons: raphe nuclei
what does alexia without agraphia involve damage too
damage to splenium of corpus callous on left (PCA infarct)
what is the term for inability to recognize a familiar object despite intact senses
agnosia
what is the term for lack of awareness of seriousness of their condition
anosognosia
what is the term for inability to identify object by only touch (despite normal somatosensory exam)
astereognosia
loss of ability to perform a learned and familiar motor task despite normal strength and range of motion
apraxia
what does contralateral neglect result from
damage to the right parietal lobe
what is gerstmann syndrome caused by
damage to the left parietal lobe
what is gerstmann syndrome indicated by
acalculia, agraphia, finger agnosia and left-right confusion
what part of the hippocampus is most vulnerable to seizure activity
CA4 region
where are the key lesions with korsakoff/amnesic syndrome
thalamus and frontal lobe
what lesion causes expressive dysprosody
broca area in frontal lobe
what lesion causes receptive dysprosody
wernicke area of temporal lobe
what is the most abused substance in america
nicotine
what is the first line treatment for alcoholism
AA and rehabs
what receptors does acamprosate target
glutamate receptors
