pharm 1 liner- MSK Flashcards
first line drugs for acute gout
indomethacin, naproxen
agent used to treat chronic gout by increasing uric acid excretion through inhibition of URAT1 anion transporter
probenecid
side effects of penicillamine
hypersensitivity (rash), nephrotoxicity, myopathy, myelosuppresion
drug used to reverse the effects of rocuronium and vecuronium; acts be chelating free drug
suggamadex
prostaglandins that cause abortions
prostaglandin E1 (misoprostol) PGE2, and PGF2alpha
class of compounds which act as competitive inhibitors of Nm nicotinic receptors at motor endplates and whose effects can be reversed by cholinesterase inhibitors
non-depolarizing blockers
agents that inhibit xanthine oxidases and used to treat chronic gout
allopurinol and febuxostat
a mixture of 2 agents with one agent active for rheumatic disease and the other for inflammatory bowel disease
sulfasalazine
COX2 inhibitors may have reduced rusk of
gastric ulcers and GI bleeding
drug for treating malignant hyperthermia associated with drug-drug interaction between halogenated anesthetics and depolarizing blocker
dantrolene
mechanism of action of NSAIDS
inhibit cOX mediated generation of pro inflammatory eicosanoids
2 leukotrienes (LTD4) receptor antagonists useful for aspirin induced and exercise induced asthma
zafirlukast, montelukast
2 main actions of acetaminophen
antipyretic and analgesic activity
4 main actions of NSAIDS
anti-inflammatory, analgesia, antipyretic and anti platelet activity
mechanism of action of etanercept
soluble TNF decoy receptor
celecoxib does not impair platelet function because
platelets predominantly express COX1
2 life threatening side effects of succinylcholine
hyperkalemia, malignant hyperthermia
drug of choice for reversal of non-depolarizing neuromuscular blockade
neostigmine
class of drugs that inhibit COX
NSAIDS
3 drug classes which strongly potentiate and prolong effect of neuromuscular blockers
inhalation anesthetics, ahminoglycosides, and tetracyclines
drug which inhibits RyR1 ryanadine receptor; used in the treatment of malignant hyperthermia and neuroleptic malignant syndrome
dantrolene
spasmolytic which acts as a GABAb agonist; can be admin oral, IV or intrathecally
baclofen
COX2 inhibitors should be used cautiously in patients with
pre-existing cardiac or renal disease
major side effect of sileuton that limits its use
liver toxicity
NSAID used mostly for anesthesia and has limited duration (less than 5 days) due to nephrotoxicity
ketoralac
anti-malarial drug used in rheumatoid arthritis
hydroxychloroquine
difference between COX1 and COX2
COX1 is constitutive, COX2 is inducible during inflammation
NSAID available orally, IM, IV, nasally, and ophtahlmically
ketoralac
side effects of colchicine (4)
diarrhea, abdominal pain, liver toxicity, myelosuppression
recombinant uricase that enhances uric acid metabolism and indicated for gout refractory to conventional therapy
pegloticase
prostaglandin analog indicated for severe pulmonary arterial HTN
epoprostenol (PGI2)
NSAID avoided in gout because low doses increases uric acid levels
aspirin
disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDS) are slow acting drugs for this indication
rheumatic disease
selective COX2 inhibitor
celecoxib
non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocker with long duration of action that can block muscarinic receptor in the heart
pancuronium
2 drugs that bind and prevent action of TNF-alpha
infliximab and etanercept
class of compounds which selectively act on Nm nicotinic receptors to produce muscle paralysis in order to facilitate surgery or artificial ventilation. full dose leads to respiratory paralysis and require mechanical ventilation
neuromuscular blocking drugs
alternative to methotrexate as 1st line for rheumatoid arthritis through inhibition of dihydroorotate dehydrogenase, which leads to decreased pyrimidine synthesis
leflunomide
NSAID that may be used for closure of Patent ductus arteriosus
indomethacin
an important adverse effect of TNF-alpha inhibitors
reactivation of latent TB
dose limiting toxicity of methotrexate
myelosuppresion
depolarizing blocker that causes muscle relaxation and paralysis and can cause postoperative muscle pain
succinylcholine
2 major side effects of salicyclates
tinnitus, GI bleeding
1st line for rheumatoid arthritis for most patients
low dose methotrexate
side effect of acetaminophen
hepatotoxicity
mechanism of action of colchicine
inhibits microtubule polyermization, impaired neutrophil chemotaxis, and degranulation
side effect of hydroxychloroquine
retinopathy
during phase 1 deploring block this class of agents enhance muscle paralysis, but during phase 2 block they may reverse muscle paralysis
cholinesterase inhibitors
the reason why aspirin is contraindicated in children with viral infection
potential for development of reyes syndrome
inhibitor of 5-lipooxygenase that blocks conversion of arachidonic acid to leukotrienes
zileuton
2 non-depolarizing blockers that undergo hoffman elimination, which is useful for patients with renal and hepatic deficiency
atracurium, cisatracurium
prostaglandin analog used as 2nd life for erectile dysfunction
alprostadil (PGE1)
