Pharm 1 Liner- Renal Flashcards
Side effects of thiazide diuretics
Hyperuricemia, hypokalemia, metabolic alkalosis, hyperlipidemia, and hyperglycemia
Mechanism of action of tolvaptan and conivaptan
Nonpeptide vasopressin receptor antagonist
Contraindications of mannitol
Anuria, HF
Mechanism of action of spironolactone
Inhibit mineralocorticoid (aldosterone) receptor result in inhibition of Na/K-ATPase and ENaC synthesis
Diuretic used as prophylactic for mountain sickness and glaucoma
Acetazolamide
Osmotic diuretic
Mannitol
Admin of this drug will result in elevated serum potassium, by inhibiting tubular secretion of potassium
Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole
Loop diuretics include
Furosemide, bumetanide, forsemide, ethacrynic acid
Class of drugs that may cause cross sensitivity with thiazide diuretics
Sulfonamides
Diuretics work in congestive failure by
Reducing preload
Diuretic used as first line for treatment of HTN
Thiazides
Mechanism of action amiloride
Inhibit epithelial sodium channels in the distal convoluted tubules and collecting duct
Aminoglycosides used with loop diuretics potentiate this adverse effect
Ototoxicity
Orally bioavailable V2 selective receptor antagonist
Tolvaptan
Diuretic used in hypertensive patients with renal failure
Loop diuretics (furosemide, ethacrynic acid, butmetanide)
Adverse effects of mannitol (2)
Pulmonary edema, dehydration
Side effects of loop diuretics (5)
Hyperuricemia, hypokalemia, allergy, metabolic alkalosis, and ototoxicity
Mechanism of action of carbonic anhydrase inhibitor
CAI causes self limited NaHCO3 diuresis and decrease body HCO3- stores
Antibacterial for optimal treatment of acute pyelonephritis
Fluoroquinolones
Side effects of acetazolamide (6)
Metabolic acidosis, hypercholoremia, parasethesias, alkalization of the urine, hypokalemia, encephalopathy in patients with hepatic cirrhosis
Potassium sparing diuretics
Spironolactone and eplerenone; triametereme, amiloride
Administration of this drug will result in elevated serum creatinine without changing GFR
Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole
Mechanism of action of thiazide diuretics
Inhibits Na+/Cl- contransport
Agents used for SIADH
Tolvaptan and conivaptan
Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors
Acetazolamide, dorzolamide
Mechanism of action of mannitol
Cant be reabsorbed, increase tubular fluid osmolarity, increase urine flow, decrease intracranial/intraoclar pressure
An early generation tetracycline that may be used for chronic SIADH
Demeclocycline
Diuretic used to treat primary aldosteronism
Spironolactone, eplerenone
Site of action of loop diuretics
Thick ascending limb
Antidiuretic hormone analog used for Central diabetes insipidus, nocturnal enuresis, and von willebrand disease
Desmopressin
Side effects of demeclocycline (2)
Photosensitivty, stunted bone growth and teeth discoloration for children under 8 years of age
Antibacterial for optimal treatment of acute uncomplicated cystitis
Nitrofurantoin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, fosfomycin
An electrolyte that is lost in urine by acute treatment with loop diuretics but can be retained by thiazides
Calcium
Side effects of spironolactone (3)
Gynecomastia, hyperkalemia, impotence
Side of action of thiazides
Early distal convoluted tumble
